क्रिप्स मिशन

krips mishan
krips mishan ke dauran mahatma gaandhi aur steford krips|200px|center
vivaran	'krips mishan' briten dvara bharat ka sakriy sahayog pane ke lie yuddhakalin mantrimandal ke ek sadasy staiford krips ki adhyakshata mean bheja gaya tha.
tithi	march 1942
netritvakarta	steford krips
uddeshy	bharat ke sath rajanitik gatirodh door karana aur bharatiyoan ka sahayog prapt karana.
vishesh	mahatma gaandhi ne krips prastavoan par tippani karate huye kaha tha ki- "yah age ki tarikh ka chek tha, jisaka baiank nasht hone vala tha."
sanbandhit lekh	aupaniveshik kal, bharatiy rashtriy kaangres
any janakari	kaangres ki or se javaharalal neharoo tatha maulana abul kalam azad ko krips mishan ke sandarbh mean parikshan evan vichar vimarsh hetu adhikrit kiya tha.

krips mishan british pradhanamantri charchil dvara british sansad sadasy tatha majadoor neta sar stefard krips ke netritv mean march 1942 mean bharat bheja gaya tha, jisaka uddeshy bharat ke rajanitik gatirodh ko door karana tha. halaanki is mishan ka vastavik uddeshy yuddh mean bharatiyoan ko sahayog pradan karane hetu unhean phusalana tha. sar krips, british yuddh mantrimandal ke sadasy bhi the tatha unhoanne bharatiy rashtriy aandolan ka sakriyata se samarthan kiya tha. kaangres ki or se javaharalal neharoo tatha maulana abul kalam azad ko krips mishan ke sandarbh mean parikshan evan vichar vimarsh hetu adhikrit kiya tha.

mishan bhejane ke karan

1. jahaan ek or dakshin-poorv eshiya mean briten ko karari har ka samana karana p da, vahian doosari or bharat par japan ke akraman ka bhay dinoan-din badhata ja raha tha. in paristhitiyoan mean briten ko bharat se samarthan ki koee ummid nahian dikhaee de rahi thi.
2. briten par mitr rashtroan (amerika, soviyat sangh evan chin) ki or se yah dabav dala ja raha tha ki vo bharat ka samarthan prapt kare.
3. bharatiyoan ne is shart par mitr rashtroan ko samarthan dena svikar kar liya tha ki bharat ko thos uttaradayi shasan ka tvarit hastaantaran kar diya jaye tatha yuddhoparaant bharat ko poorn ajadi dene ka vachan diya jaye.

mukhy pravadhan

krips mishan ke mukhy pravadhan nimnanusar the-

1. dominiyan rajy ke darje ke sath ek bharatiy sangh ki sthapana ki jayegi; yah sangh rashtramandal ke sath apane sanbandhoan ke nirdharan mean svatantr hoga tatha sanyukt rashtr sangh evan any aantararashtriy nikayoan evan sansthaoan mean apani bhoomika ko khud hi nirdharit karega.
2. yuddh ki samapti ke pashchath naye sanvidhan nirman hetu sanvidhan nirmatri parishad ka gathan kiya jayega. isake kuchh sadasy praantiy vidhayikaoan dvara nirvachit kiye jayeange tatha kuchh (riyasatoan ka pratinidhitv karane ke liye) rajaoan dvara manonit kiye jayeange.
3. british sarakar, sanvidhan nirmatri parishad dvara banaye gaye naye sanvidhan ko agralikhit shatoan ke adhin svikar karega-

• sanvidhan nirmatri parishad dvara nirmit sanvidhan jin praantoan ko svikar nahian hoga, ve bharatiy sangh se prithakh hone ke adhikari hoangean. prithakh hone vale prantoan ko apana prithakh sanvidhan banane ka adhikar hoga. deshi riyasatoan ko bhi isi prakar ka adhikar hoga.
• navagathit sanvidhan nimatrii parishad tatha british sarakar satta ke hastaantaran tatha prajatiy tatha dharmik alpasankhyakoan ke hitoan ki raksha ke mudde ko apasi samajhaute dvara hal kareange.
• ukt vyavastha hone tak bharat ke suraksha sanbandhi dayitvoan ka nirvahan briten karega; desh ki suraksha ka niyantran evan nirdeshan karega; tatha gavarnar-janaral ki samast shaktiyaan poorvavath bani raheangi.

prastavoan ka poorvavarti prastavoan se bhinn hona

thumb|250px|left|krips mishan ke dauran mahatma gaandhi aur steford krips krips mishan ke prastav isake poorvavarti prastavoan se anek arthoan mean bhinn the-

1. sanvidhan ke nirman ka adhikar ab vastavik taur par bharatiyoan ke hathoan mean tha.
2. sanvidhan nirmatri sabha ke gathan hetu ek thos yojana banayi gayi thi.
3. praantoan ko apana prithakh sanvidhan banane ka vikalp diya gaya tha. yah vyavastha, apratyaksh roop se bharat ka vibhajan sunishchit karati thi.
4. svatantr bharat ke liye yah adhikar sunishchit kiya gaya tha ki use rashtramandal se prithakh hone ka adhikar hoga.
5. bharatiyoan ko prashasan mean bhagidari ka bharapoor avasar pradan kiya jana sunishchit kiya gaya tha.

asaphalata ke karan

krips mishan ke prastav bharatiy rashtravadiyoan ko santusht karane mean asaphal rahe tatha sadharan taur par bharatiyoan ke kisi bhi varg ki sahamati nahian prapt kar sake. vibhinn daloan tatha samoohoan ne alag-alag adhar par in prastavoan ka virodh kiya. kaangres ne nimn adhar par prastavoan ka virodh kiya-

1. bharat ko poorn svatantrata ke sthan par dominiyan stets ka darja diye jane ki vyavastha.
2. deshi riyasatoan ke pratinidhiyoan ke liye nirvachan ke sthan par manonayan ki vyavastha.
3. praantoan ko bharatiy sangh se prithakh hone tatha prithakh sanvidhan banane ki vyavastha, jo ki rashtriy ekata ke siddhaant ke viruddh tha.
4. satta ke tvarit hastaantaran ki yojana ka abhav tatha pratiraksha ke mudde par vastavik bhagidari ki vyavastha ka n hona; gavarnar-janaral ki sarvochchata poorvavat thi; tatha gavarnar-janaral ko keval sanvaidhanik pramukh banane ki maang ko svikar n kiya jana.

muslim lig dvara asvikar karana

muslim lig ne bhi krips mishan ke prastavoan ko asvikar kar diya tatha isake liye nimn tark diye-

1. ekal bharatiy sangh ki vyavastha ka hona use svikary nahian tha.
2. sanvidhan nirmatri parishad ke gathan ka jo adhar sunishchit kiya tha, vah use svikary nahian tha tatha praantoan ke sangh se prithakh hone tatha apana prithakh sanvidhan banane ki jo vidhi nirdharit ki gayi thi, usase bhi lig asahamat thi.
3. prastavoan mean musalamanoan ke atm-nirdharan ke siddhaant tatha prithakh pakistan ki maang ko nahian svikar kiya gaya tha.

any daloan dvara virodh

any daloan ne bhi praantoan ko sangh se prithakh hone ka adhikar diye jane ka virodh kiya. udaravadiyoan ka manana tha ki praantoan ko sangh se prithakh hone ka vikalp dena bharat ki ekata evan suraksha ke viruddh hai. hindoo mahasabha ne bhi is pravadhan ki alochana ki. dalitoan ne anuman lagaya ki vibhajan ke pashchath unhean bahusankhyak hinduoan ki kripa par jina p dega. sikkhoan ka virodh is bat par tha ki vibhajan hone par panjab unase chhin jayega. aangrezoan ne kaha ki yah yojana 1940 ke agast prastavoan ka hi ek roop hai, jise adhik spasht kiya gaya ho isaka uddeshy us purane prastav ka atikraman karana nahian hai. aangrejoan ki is ghoshana se sarakar ke prati shanka aur badh gayi.

krips dvara prastavoan se age akar bharatiyoan ka vishvas jitane ki asaphalata tatha unaka yah kahana ki "ise svikar karo ya chho d do", gatirodh ke sabase pramukh karan the. prarambh mean krips ne "mantrimandal ke gathan" tatha "rashtriy sarakar" ki sthapana ki bat kahi, kintu bad mean ve apani batoan se mukar gaye tatha kahane lage ki unaka ashay keval karyakarini parishadh ke vistar se tha. praantoan ke vilay ya prithakh hone ki vyavastha ka pravadhan aspasht tha. sangh se prithakh hone ke prastav ka vidhanamandal mean 60 pratishat sadasyoan dvara anumodan kiya jana avashyak tha. yadi is prastav ka 60 pratishat se kam sadasy samarthan kareange, tab ise praant ke vayask purushoan ke samany bahumat se parit hona avashyak hoga. yah vyavastha vishesh roop se panjab evan bangal ke hinduoan ke liye hanikarak thi, bhale hi ve bharatiy sangh mean shamil hona chahate the.

british sarakar ki vastavik mansha

mishan ke prastavoan mean yah bhi aspasht tha ki satta ke hastaantaran sanbandhi pravadhanoan ko kaun lagu karega tatha kaun inaki vyakhya karega. british sarakar ki vastavik mansha yah thi ki krips mishan saphal n ho. kyoanki vah bharatiyoan ko satta ke hastaantaran tatha desh ki pratiraksha sanbandhi jimmedari mean bhagidari, donoan ke viruddh thi. udhar, charchil (british pradhanamantri), emari (videsh mantri), linalithago (vayasaray) tatha vevel (kamaandar-in-chiph) bhi nahian chahate the ki krips mishan saphal ho. vayasaray ke vito (nishedhadhikar) ke mudde par stefard krips tatha kaangres ke netaoan ke madhy batachit toot gayi.

gaandhi-neharoo tippani

mahatma gaandhi ne krips prastavoan par tippani karate huye kaha ki- "yah age ki tarikh ka chek tha, jisaka baiank nasht hone vala tha." javaharalal neharoo ne krips prastavoan ke sanbandh mean kaha ki- "krips yojana ko svikar karana bharat ko anishchit khandoan mean vibhajit karane ke liye marg prashast karana tha."

is prakar stefard krips bharatiyoan ko nirasha evan asamanjas ke vatavaran mean chho dakar vapas ianglaiand laut gaye. bharatiy jo abhi bhi faansivadi akraman ke pi ditoan ke prati poori sahanubhooti ki tasvir apane mano-mastishk mean sanjoye huye the, aangrez sarakar ke ravaiye se khud ko chhala hua mahasoos karane lage the. ab bharatiyoan ne yah manana prarambh kar diya ki vartaman paristhitiyaan asahaniy ban chuki haian tatha samrajyavad par aantim prahar karana avashyak ho gaya hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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