ख़ान अब्दुल ग़फ़्फ़ार ख़ान
khan abdul gaffar khan
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| poora nam | khan abdul gaffar khan |
| any nam | 'simaant gaandhi', 'bacha khan', 'badashah khan' |
| janm | 6 faravari, 1890 ee. |
| janm bhoomi | utamanjaee, bharat (azadi se poorv) |
| mrityu | 20 janavari, 1988 ee. |
| mrityu sthan | peshavar, pakistan |
| abhibhavak | abdulla khan (paradada), bairam khan (pita) |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| parti | kaangres |
| vidyalay | mishanari skool |
| jel yatra | 1919 ee., 1930 ee. aur 1942 ee. mean jel yatra ki. |
| puraskar-upadhi | bharat ratn |
| rachana | 'maee laif aiand stragal' |
| any janakari | gaandhi ji ke kattar anuyayi hone ke karan hi unaki 'simaant gaandhi' ki chhavi bani. vinamr gaffar ne sadaiv svayan ko ek 'svatantrata sangharsh ka sainik' matr kaha, parantu unake prasanshakoan ne unhean 'badashah khan' kah kar pukara. |
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khan abdul gaffar khan (aangrezi: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, janm: 6 faravari, 1890; mrityu: 20 janavari, 1988) mahanh rajaneta the, jinhoanne bharat ke svatantrata sangram mean bhag liya aur apane kary aur nishtha ke karan "sarahadi gaandhi" (simant gaandhi), "bacha khan" tatha "badashah khan" ke nam se pukare jane lage. 20vian shatabdi mean pakhtoonoan (ya pathan; pakistan aur afaganistan ka musalaman jatiy samooh) ke sabase agrani aur karishmaee neta the, jo mahatma gaandhi ke anuyayi ban ge aur unhean ‘simaant gaandhi’ kaha jane laga. abdul gaffar khaan ka janm ek sampann parivar mean hua tha. vah bachapan se hi atyadhik dridh svabhav ke vyakti haian, isaliye afaganoan ne unhean 'bacha khan' ke roop mean pukarana prarambh kar diya. apaka sima prant ke qabiloan par atyadhik prabhav tha. gaandhi ji ke kattar anuyayi hone ke karan hi unaki 'simaant gaandhi' ki chhavi bani. vinamr gaffar ne sadaiv svayan ko ek 'svatantrata sangharsh ka sainik' matr kaha, parantu unake prasanshakoan ne unhean 'badashah khan' kah kar pukara. gaandhi ji bhi unhean aise hi sambodhit karate the. rashtriy andolanoan mean bhag lekar unhoanne kee bar jeloan mean ghor yatanayean jheli haian. phir bhi ve apani mool sanskriti se vimukh nahian hue. isi vazah se vah bharat ke prati atyadhik sneh bhav rakhate the.
jivan parichay
khan abdul gaffar khan ka janm 6 faravari, 1890 ee. ko peshavar, tatkalin british bharat vartaman pakistan mean hua tha. unake paradada 'abdulla khan' bahut hi satyavadi aur jujharoo svabhav the. unake pita 'bairam khan' shaant svabhav ke the aur eeshvarabhakti mean lin raha karate the. unhoanne apane l dake abdul gaffar khan ko shikshit banane ke lie 'mishanari skool' mean bheja, pathanoan ne unaka b da virodh kiya. mishanari skool ki padhaee samapt karane ke bad ve aligadh a ge. garmi ki chhuttiyoan mean samajaseva karana unaka mukhy kam tha. shiksha samapt kar vah deshaseva mean lag ge. sarahad ke par aj bhi apane logoan ki svadhinata ke lie sangharsharat 'simaant gaandhi' ke nam se vikhyat khan abdul gaffar khaan prarambh se hi aangrejoan ke khilaf the.[[chitr:Khan-abdul-Ghaffar-Khan-Mahatma-Gandhi.jpg|thumb|left|300px|khan abdul gaffar khan ke sath mahatma gaandhi]]
gaandhiji se parichay
rajanitik asantushtoan ko bina muqadama chalae nazaraband karane ki ijazat dene vale r aaulet ekt ke khilaf 1919 mean hue aandolan ke dauran gaffar khaan ki gaandhi ji se mulaqat huee aur unhoanne rajaniti mean pravesh kiya. agale varsh vah khilafat aandolan mean shamil ho ge, jo turki ke sultan ke sath bharatiy musalamanoan ke adhyatmik sanbandhoan ke lie prayasarat tha aur 1921 mean vah apane grih pradesh pashchimottar simaant praant mean khilafat kameti ke zila adhyaksh chune ge.
khudaee khidamatagar ki sthapana
1929 mean kaangres parti ki ek sabha mean shamil hone ke bad gaffar khaan ne khudaee khidamatagar (eeshvar ke sevak) ki sthapana ki aur pakhtoonoan ke bich lal kurti aandolan ka ahvan kiya. vidroh ke arop mean unaki pahali giraftari 3 varsh ke lie huee thi. usake bad unhean yatanaoan ki jhelane ki adat si p d gee. jel se bahar akar unhoanne pathanoan ko rashtriy andolan se jo dane ke lie 'khudaee khidamatagar' namak sanstha ki sthapana ki aur apane andolanoan ko aur bhi tez kar diya.
kaangres ko samarthit
muslim lig ne jahaan pakhtoonoan ko is andolan ke liye koee madad nahian di, vahian kaangres ne unhean apana poorn samarthan diya. atah ve pakke kaangresi ban ge aur yahian se ve gaandhi ji ke anuyayi ke roop mean pratishthit hote chale gaye. khan ne pathanoan ko gaandhi ji ka 'ahiansa' ka path padhaya.
shaantipriy badashah khan
[[chitr:Abdul-ghaffar-khan-and-Gandhiji.jpg|thumb|300px|khan abdul gaffar khan aur mahatma gaandhi]]
- peshavar mean jab 1919 ee. mean aangrezoan ne 'fauji qanoon' (marshal l aau) lagaya. abdul gaffar khan aangrezoan ke samane shaanti ka prastav rakha, phir bhi unhean giraftar kar liya gaya.
- 1930 ee. mean satyagrah aandolan karane par ve pun: jel bheje ge aur unhean gujarat (us samay panjab ka bhag) ki jel bheja gaya. vahaan panjab ke any bandiyoan se unaka parichay hua. unhoanne jel mean sikh guruoan ke granth padhe aur gita ka adhyayan kiya.
- hiandoo muslim ekata ko zaroori samajhakar unhoannean gujarat ki jel mean gita tatha quran ki kaksha lagayian, jahaan yogy sanskritajn aur maulavi sanbandhit kaksha ko chalate the. unaki sangati se sabhi prabhavit hue aur gita, quran tatha guru granth sahab adi sabhi granthoan ka adhyayan sabane kiya.
- badashah khan (khan abdul gaffar khan) aandolan bharat ki azadi ke ahiansak rashtriy aandolan ka samarthan karate the aur inhoanne pakhtoonoan ko rajanitik roop se jagarook banane ka prayas kiya.
- 1930 ke dashak ke uttarardh tak gaffar khaan mahatma gaandhi ke nikatasth salahakaroan mean se ek ho ge aur 1947 mean bharat ka vibhajan hone tak khudaee khidamatagar ne sakriy roop se kaangres parti ka sath diya .
- inake bhaee d aauktar khaan sahab (1858-1958) bhi gaandhi ke qaribi aur kaangresi aandolan ke sahayogi the.
- san 1930 ee. ke gaandhi-iravin samajhaute ke bad abdul gaffar khan ko chho da gaya aur ve samajik karyo mean lag ge.
- 1937 ke praantiy chunavoan mean kaangres ne pashchimottar simaant praant ki praantiy vidhanasabha mean bahumat prapt kiya. khaan sahab ko parti ka neta chuna gaya aur vah mukhyamantri bane. 1942 ee. ke agast aandolan mean vah giraphtar kie ge aur 1947 ee. mean chhoote.
- desh ke vibhajan ke virodhi gaffar khaan ne pakistan mean rahane ka nishchay kiya , jahaan unhoanne pakhtoon alpasankhyakoan ke adhikaroan aur pakistan ke bhitar svayattashasi pakhtoonistan (ya pathanistan) ke lie l daee jari rakhi.
- bharat ka bantavara hone par unaka sanbandh bharat se toot sa gaya kiantu vah bharat ke vibhajan se kisi prakar sahamat n the. pakistan se unaki vicharadhara sarvatha bhinn thi. pakistan ke viruddh 'svatantr pakhtoonistan aandolan' ajivan chalate rahe.
- unhean apane siddhaantoan ki bhari qimat chukani p di, vah kee varshoan tak jel mean rahe aur usake bad unhean afaganistan mean rahana p da.
- 1985 ke 'kaangres shatabdi samaroh' ke ap pramukh akarshan ka keandr the. 1970 mean ve bharat bhar mean ghoome. 1972 mean vah pakistan laute .
- inaka sansmaran granth "maee laif aiand stragal" 1969 mean prakashit hua.
samman aur puraskar
khan abdul gaffar khan ko varsh 1987 mean bharat sarakar ki or se bharat ka sarvochch nagarik samman 'bharat ratn' se sammanit kiya gaya.
mrityu
san 1988 mean pakistan sarakar ne unhean peshavar mean unake ghar mean nazaraband kar diya gaya. 20 janavari, 1988 ko unaki mrityu ho gayi aur unaki aantim ichchhanusar unhean jalalabad afaganistan mean dafanaya gaya.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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