खिलौना

thumb|khilauna khilauna shishu ya bachche ke khelane ki vastu hoti hai. pray: khel mean prayukt hone vali vastu ko khilauna kahate haian. khilaune aur khel vibhinn sanskritiyoan mean bahut pahale se chale a rahe haian. ye ekadam samany se atyadhik jatil tak ho sakate haian, jaise bachche dvara chuni gee sadharan si dadi aur kathagho de ki kalpana se lekar parishkrit aur jatil yaantrik upakaran tak, jo bachchoan aur b doan, donoan ka manoranjan karate haian. bahut se deshoan ke sangrahalayoan mean bahut si prachin vastuean rakhi haian, jinake mool prayojan to spasht nahian hai. lekin sanbhavat: bachchoan ne inhean khel ki vastuoan ke roop mean liya hoga. prachin kal ki pahiyoan par bani mitti ki pashu ki akriti, jisake upayog ka koee praman nahian mila hai, sanbhavat: khilauna hi hai. geand sabase prachin khilaune mean se ek hai.

prakar

khilaunoan se khelane ke do prakar haian:-

• anukaranatmak aur
• nirdeshatmak.

vikas

[[chitr:Mohenjodaro toy.jpg|thumb|left|sindhu ghati sabhyata ke avasheshoan se mila ek prachin khilauna]] sabase pahala khilauna sanbhavat: atm-sanrakshan ke sahaj bodh se vikasit hua hoga. bahut si manav sanskritiyoan mean yuvaoan ko sabase pahale shastroan ka upayog sikhaya jata tha aur mugadar ya lathi spashtat: khilauna talavaroan, bandookoan, taiankoan, havaeejahajoan, navoan aur khel ke any sainy upakaranoan ke adi praroop haian. zyadatar kheloan mean sharirik sakriyata ki avashyakata hoti thi, jo abhyas aur yuddh mean nipunata se hi sanbhav thi. khilauna sipahi aur shastr madhy kal se chale a rahe haian. yuddh takanikoan mean navinatam vikas ka asar vartaman khilaunoan par bhi dikhaee p data hai, jaise vijnan kathaoan aur chalachitroan mean ki gee kalpana ke anusar shastr aur upakaran.

laghu svaroop ke khilaune

thumb|khilauna gu diya ek samany khilauna hai. har yug aur sanskriti ne bachchoan ko manushy ya pashu ke laghu svaroop aur rozamarra ke jivan mean kam ane vali shilpakritiyaan upalabdh karaee haian. kee gatihin khilaune is prakar ke haian: jivit praniyoan ya vastuoan ke laghu svaroop, jinaka anukaranatmak ya kalpanatmak upayog kiya ja sakata hai.

gatiman khilaune

gatiman khilaunoan mean anek prakar ke khilaune ate haian. sanbhavat: bahut se samany bhautik niyam ke prayog pahale pahal gatiman khilaunean ke bare mean die ge sahityik vivaranoan se jnat hone ke bad hue hoange. visphotak khilaunoan, shastroan aur r aauket ka vikas chiniyoan ke dvara sabase pahale patakhoan ke lie barood ke prayog se hua. santulan aur pratisantulan, ghumana, jhulana, dolan, u dan, apakeandr bal, chuanbakatv, kamani aur dher sare any upakaranoan aur niyamoan ka upayog khilaunoan ka utpadan sanbhav hua hai, jaise bijali se chalane vala khilauna rel aur svachalit trak aur kar, rediyo-niyantrit havaeejahaz, chalan, bolane aur prakash kiranapuanj se sakriy hokar karatab dikhane vali gu diya.

samanvay aur hast kaushal ka vikas

samanvay aur hast kaushal ka vikas khilaunoan ke jo d-to d ke dauran bachapan ke sanchit anubhavoan se hota hai- kanche, jaikaston aur any khilaunoan mean hath aur sharir ke upayog ki avashyakata p dati hai. manasik dakshata ki shuruat bachapan se hoti hai, jisake lie paheliyukt chunauti pesh karate haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh