खो-खो
thumb|250px|kho-kho khelate khila di yah ek anootha svadeshi khel hai, jo yuvaoan mean oj aur svasth sangharshashil josh bharane vala hai. yah khel pichha karane vale aur pratirakshak, donoan mean atyadhik tandurusti, kaushal, gati, oorja aur pratyutpannamati ki maang karata hai. kho-kho kisi bhi tarah ki satah par khela ja sakata hai.
itihas
kho-kho maidani kheloan ke sabase prachinatam rupoan mean se ek jisaka udbhav pragaitihasik bharat mean mana ja sakata hai. mukhy rup se atmaraksha, akraman v pratyakraman ke kaushal ko vikasit karane ke lie isaki khoj huee thi.
khel ka maidan
kho-kho ka kri da kshetr ayatakar hota hai. yah 29 X 16 mitar hota hai. maidan ke aant mean do ayatakar hote haian. ayatakar ki bhuja 16 mitar aur doosari bhuja 2.75 mi. hoti hai. in donoan ayatakaroan ke madhy mean do lak di ke stambh hote haian. kendriy gali 23.50 mi. lambi aur 30 saiantimitar chau di hoti hai.
shabdavali
- stambh ya post:-madhy len ke aant mean do stambh gade jate hai jo bhoomi se 1.20 se 1.25 saiantimitar ke bich ooanche hote haian. inaki paridhi 30 saiantimitar se adhik nahian ho sakati.
- kendriy gali ya len:- donoan stambhoan ke madhy mean kendriy gali hoti hai. yah 23.50 mi. lambi aur saiantimitar chau di hoti hai.
- kr aaus len:- pratyek ayatakar 15 mi. lamba aur 30 saiantimitar chau da hota hai vah kendriy len ko samakon (90°) par katata hai. yah svayan bhi do sarddhakoan mean vibhajit hota hai. ise kr aaus-len kahate haian.
- stambh rekha:- kendr se gujarati huee kr aaus-len aur kendriy len ke samanaantar rekha ko stambh rekha kahate haian.
- ayatakar:- stambh rekha ka bahari kshetr ayatakar kahalata hai.
- paridhiyaan:- kendriy len tatha bahari sima nishchit karane vali donoan ayatakaroan ki rekhaoan se 7.85 mi. door donoan parshv rekhaoan ko paridhiyaan kahate haian.
- anudhavak ya chezar:- vargoan mean baithe khila di anudhavak kahalate haian. virodhi khila diyoan ko pak dane ya chhoone ke lie bhagane vala anudhavak ya chezar sakriy anudhavak kahalata hai
- dhavak:- chezaroan ya dhavakoan ke virodhi khila di 'dhavak' ya 'ranar' kahalate haian.
- kho dena:- achchhi 'kho' dene ke lie sakriy dhavak ko baithe hue dhavak ko pichhe se hath se chhoote hi 'kho' shabd aur ooanche tatha spasht kahana chahie. chhoone aur 'kho' kahane ka samay ek sath hona chahie.
- faool:- yadi baitha hua ya sakriy dhavak kisi niyam ka ullaghan karata hai to vah faool hota hai.
- disha grahan karana:- ek stambh se doosare stambh ki or jana disha grahan karana hai.
- muanh mo dana:- jab sakriy dhavak ek vishesh disha ki or jate samay apane kandhe ki rekha 90 ke kon se adhik disha ko mo d leta hai to ise muanh mo dana kahate haian. yah phaool hota hai.
- nivartan ya palatana:- kisi vishesh disha ki or jata hua sakriy dhavak jab viparit disha mean jata hai to use nivartan ya palatana kaha jata hai. yah phaool hota hai.
- paanv bahar:- jab ranar ke donoan paanv simaoan se bahar bhoomi ko chhoo lean to usake paanv bahar mane jate haian use aoot mana jata hai.
khel ke niyam
- kri da kshetr ko akar mean varnit anusar chihnit hona chahie.
- dau dane ya chezar banane ka nirnayat aaus dvara kiya jaega.
- ek dhavak (chezar) ke atirikt any sabhi dhavak vargoan mean is prakar baianthege ki do sath-sath baithe dhavakoan ka muanh ek or nahian hoga. nauanva dhavak pichha karane ke lie kisi ek stambh ke pas kh da hoga.
- sakriy dhavak ke sharir ka koee bhi bhag kendriy gali se sparsh nahian karega. vah stambhoan mean andar se kendriy rekha par nahian kar sakata.
- 'kho' baithe hue dhavak ke pichhe se samip ja kar ooanchi aur spasht avaz mean deni chahie. baitha hua dhavak bina 'kho' prapt kie nahian uth sakata aur n hi vah apani taang ya bhuja phaila kar sparsh prapt karane ki koshish karega.
- yadi koee sakriy dhavak us varg ki kendriy gali se bahar chala jae jis par koee dhavak baitha hai ya yadi vah nishqriy dhavak ki pak d chho d deta hai to sakriy dhavak use kho nahian dega. koee sakriy dhavak 'kho' dene ke lie vapis nahian a sakata.
- niyam 4, 5 tatha 6 ka ullaghann phaool hota hai. is par sakriy dhavak us disha ke viparit jane ke lie badhy kiya jaega jis disha mean vah ja raha rahi thi. nirnayak ki siti ke sanket ke sath sakriy dhavak sanketit disha ki or chal dega. yadi is tarah ranar aoot ho jata hai to use aoot nahian mana jata.
- sakriy dhavak 'kho' dene ke pashchath turant 'kho' pane vale dhavak ka sthan grahan kar lega. kho dena aur sath baithe dhavak ke lona ek sath hona chahie.
- thik kho lene ke pashchath yadi sakriy dhavak ka pahala qadam saiantar len ko chhoota ho to vah phaool nahian hai. yadi keandriy len ko kr aaus kare to vah phaool hai.
- disha lene ke pashchath sakriy dhavak pun: kr aaus lain mean akraman kar sakata hai aur is ko phaool nahian mana jata.
- sakriy dhavak vah disha grahan karega jis or isaka muanh ho mu da ho arthath jis or usane apane kandhe ki rekha ko mo da tha.
- sakriy dhavak kisi ek stambh ki or disha grahan karane ke pashchath stambh rekha ki usi disha mean jaega jab tak vah kho nahian karata. sakriy dhavak kendr gali se doosari or nahian jaega jab tak ki vah stambh ke charoan or bahar se n ghoom le.
- yadi koee sakriy dhavak stambh chho d deta hai to vah stambh chho dane vale sthan ki or vali kendriy len par rahate hue doosare stambh ki disha mean jaega.
- sakriy dhavak ka muanh sadaiv usake dvara grahan ki gee disha ki or rahega. vah apane muanh ko nahian mo dega. use kendriy len ke samanaantar kandhe ki rekha mo dane ki ajna hogi.
- dhavak is prakar baitheange ki dhavakoan ke marg mean rukavat n pahuanche yadi aisi rukavat se koee ranar aoot ho jata hai to use aoot nahian mana jaega.
- disha grahan karane vale aur muanh mo dane vale niyam ayatakar kshetr mean lagoo n hoange.
- pari ke dauran sakriy dhavak sima se bahar jasakata hai parantu sima se bahar use disha lene aur muanh mi dane ke niyamoan ka palan karana hoga.
- koee bhi ranar baithe hue dhavak ko chhoo nahian sakata. yadi vah aisa karata hai to use chetavani di jati hai. yadi vah phir us harakat ko doharata hai to use maidan se bahar bhej diya jata hai. abhipray yah ki aoot diya jata hai.
- yadi ranar ke donoan pair sima se bahar hoan to vah aoot ho jata hai.
- yadi sakriy chezar bina kisi niyam ka ullanghan kie ranar ko chhoo leta hai to ranar aoot mana jaega.
- sakriy dhavak niyam 4 se 14 tak ke kisi niyam ka ullanghan nahian kareange. in niyamoan ka ullanghan phaool mana jata hai. yadi aise phaool ke karan koee ranar aoot ho jata hai to use aoot nahian mana jaega.
- yadi koee sakriy dhavak niyam 8 se 14 tak ke kisi niyam ka ullanghan karate hai to ampayar turant hi uchit disha lene aur kary karane ke lie badhy karega.
thumb|250px|kho-kho khelate khila di
maich sambandhi niyam
- pratyek tim mean khila diyoan ki sankhya 9 hoti hai aur 8 khila di atirikt hote haian.
- pratyek pari mean nau-nau minat chhoone tatha dau dane ka kam bari-bari se hota hai. pratyek maich mean 4 pariyaan hoti hai. do pariyoan chhoone ki aur 2 pariyaan dau dane ki hoti haian.
- ranar khelane ke kramanusar skor ke pas apane nam darj karaeange. pari ke arambh mean pahale tin khila di sima ke andar hoange. in tinoan ke aoot hone ke pashchath tin aur khila di 'kho' dene se pahale andar a jaeange. jo is avadhi mean pravesh n kar sakeange unhean aoot ghoshit kiya jaega. apani bari ke bina pravisht hone vala khila di bhi aoot ghoshit kiya jaega. yah prakriya pari ke aant tak jari rahegi. tisare ranar ko nikalane vala sakriy dhavak ne pravisht hone vale ranar ka pichha nahian karega, vah 'kho' dega. pratyek tim khel ke maidan ke keval ek paksh se hi apane ranar pravisht karegi.
- dhavak tatha pratyek ranar samay se pahale bhi apani pari samapt kar sakate haian. keval dhavak ya ranar tim ke kaptan ke anurodh par hi ampayar khel rok kar pari samapti ki ghoshana karega. ek pari ke bad 5 minat tatha do pariyoan ke bich 9 minat ka brek hoga.
- dhavak paksh ko pratyek ranar ke aoot hone par ek aank milega. sabhi ranaroan ke samay se pahale aoot ho jane par unake viruddh ek 'lona' de diya jata hai. isake pashchath vah tim usi kram se apane ranar bhejegi. lona prapt karane ke lie koee atirikt aank nahian diya jata hai. pari ka samay samapt hone tak isi dhang se khel jari rahegi. pari ke dauran ranaroan ke kram mean parivartan nahian kiya ja sakata.
- n aauk aoot paddhati mean maich ke aant mean adhik ak prapt karane vali tim ko vijayi ghoshit kiya jaega. yadi aank barabar hoan to ek aur pari kheli jaegi. yadi phir bhi aank barabar rahean to taee brekar niyam ka prayog kiya jaega. is sthiti mean yah zaruri nahian ki timoan mean vahian khila di hoan.
- lig pranali mean vijeta tim ko 2 aank prapt hogean. parajit tim ko shoony aank tatha barabar rahane ki dasha mean pratyek tim ko ek ek aank diya jaega. yadi lig pranali mean lig aank barabar ho to tim athava timean parchiyoan dvara pun: maich kheleangi. aise maich n aauk-aoot pranali ke adhar par khelean jaeange.
- yadi kisi karanavash maich poora nahian hota hai to yah kisi any samay khela jaega aur pichhale aank nahian gine jaeange. maich shuroo se hi khela jaega.
- yadi kisi ek tim ke aank doosari tim se 12 ya usase adhik ho jaean to pahali tim doosari tim ko dhavak ke rup mean pichha karane ko kah sakati hai. yadi doosari tim is bar adhik aank prapt kar le to bhi usaka dhavak banane ka adhikar bana rahata hai.
maich ke lie adhikari
maich ki vyavastha ke lie nimnalikhit adhikari niyukt kie jate haian.
- ampayar (do)
- raiphari (ek)
- taim-kipar (ek)
- skorar (ek)
ampayar
ampayar l aaubi se bahar kh da hoga aur kendriy gali dvara vibhajit apane sthan se khel ki dekh rekh karega. vah apane arddhak mean sabhi nirnay dega. vah nirnay dene mean doosare arddhak ke ampayar ki sahayata kar sakata hai.
raiphari
raiphari ke karttavy is prakar hai.
- vah ampayaroan ki unake karttavy palan mean sahayata karega aur unamean mat bhed hone ki disha mean apana phaisala dega.
- vah khel mean badha pahuanchane vale, asabhy vyavahar karane vale niyamoan ka ullanghan karane vale khila diyoan ko dand deta hai.
- vah niyamoan ki vyakhya sambandhi prashnoan par apana nirnay deta hai.
taim-kipar
taip-kipar ka kam samay ka rikard rakhana hai. vah siti bajakar pari ke arambh ya samapti ka sanket deta hai.
skorar
skorar is bat ka dhyan rakhata hai ki khila di nishchit kram se maidan mean utarate haian. vah aoot hue ranaroan ka rikard rakhata hai. pratyek pari ke aant mean vah skor shit par aank darj karata hai aur dhavakoan ka skor taiyar karata hai. maich ke aant mean vah parinam taiyar karata hai aur raiphari ko sunane ke lie deta hai.
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