गंगा का धार्मिक महत्त्व
[[chitr:Kumbh mela.jpg|thumb|280px|kumbh mela, ilahabad
Kumb Fair, Allahabad]]
ganga bharat ki sabase mahattvapoorn nadiyoan mean se ek hai. yah uttar bharat ke maidanoan ki vishal nadi hai. ganga bharat aur baangladesh mean milakar 2,510 kilomitar ki doori tay karati hai. uttaraanchal mean himalay se nikalakar yah bharat ke lagabhag ek-chauthaee bhoo-kshetr se pravahit hoti huee bangal ki kha di mean milati hai. ganga nadi ko uttar bharat ki arthavyavastha ka merudand bhi kaha gaya hai.
utsav v saanskritik ekata
bharat ki anek dharmik avadharanaoan mean ganga nadi ko devi ke roop mean nirupit kiya gaya hai. bahut se pavitr tirthasthal ganga nadi ke kinare par base huye haian jinamean varanasi aur haridvar sabase pramukh haian. ganga nadi ko bharat ki pavitr nadiyoan mean sabase pavitr mana jata hai evan yah manyata hai ki ganga mean snan karane se manushy ke sare papoan ka nash ho jata hai.[1] marane ke bad log ganga mean apani rakh visarjit karana moksh prapti ke liye avashyak samajhate haian, yahaan tak ki kuchh log ganga ke kinare hi pran visarjan ya aantim sanskar ki ichchha bhi rakhate haian.
isake ghatoan par log pooja archana karate haian aur dhyan lagate haian. gangajal ko pavitr samajha jata hai tatha samast sanskaroan mean usaka hona avashyak hai. panchamrit mean bhi gangajal ko ek amrit mana gaya hai. anek parvoan aur utsavoan ka ganga se sidha sanbandh hai. udaharan ke lie makar sankrati, kuanbh aur ganga dashahara ke samay ganga mean nahana ya keval darshan hi kar lena bahut mahattvapoorn samajha jata hai. isake tatoan par anek prasiddh meloan ka ayojan kiya jata hai aur anek prasiddh mandir ganga ke tat par hi bane hue haian. mahabharat ke anusar matr prayag mean magh mas mean ganga-yamuna ke sangam par tin karo d das hazar tirthoan ka sangam hota hai. ye tirth sthal sampoorn bharat mean saanskritik ekata sthapit karate haian.[2] ganga ko lakshy karake anek bhakti granth likhe ge haian. jinamean shrigangasahasranamastotramh[3] aur arati[4] sabase lokapriy haian. anek log apane dainik jivan mean shraddha ke sath inaka prayog karate haian. gangotri tatha any sthanoan par ganga ke mandir aur moortiyaan bhi sthapit haian, jinake darshan kar shraddhalu svayan ko kritarth samajhate haian.
[[chitr:Ganga-River-Varanasi-2.jpg|thumb|250px|left|ganga nadi, varanasi
Ganga River, Varanasi|right]]
prasiddh sangam sthal
uttarakhand ke panch prayag tatha prayagaraj jo ilahabad mean sthit hai ganga ke ve prasiddh sangam sthal haian jahaan vah any nadiyoan se milati haian. ye sabhi sangam dharmik drishti se poojy mane ge haian. ganga nadi ka dharmik mahatv sambhavat: vishv ki kisi bhi any nadi se zyada hai. adikal se hi yah pooji jati rahi hai aur aj bhi hinduoan ke lie yah sabase pavitr nadi hai. ise devi svaroop mana jata hai. ek kianvadanti ke anusar, mahanh tapasvi bhagirath ki prarthana par devi ganga ko svayan bhagavan vishnu ne is dharati par bheja. lekin ganga jis veg se dharati par avatarit hueean, usase unake marg mean ane vali har vastu ke jalaplavit hone ka khatara tha. isilie bhagavan shiv ne pahale hi unhean apani jataoan mean lapetakar unake veg ko niyantrit aur shant kiya. mukti chahane vale usake bad hi usamean snan kar pae. hinduoan ke tirthasthal vaise to samooche upamahadvip mean phail hue haian, tathapi ganga tat par base tirth hindoo dharmavalambiyoan ke lie vishesh mahatv rakhate haian. inamean pramukh haian, ilahabad mean ganga aur yamuna ka sangam, jahaan ek nishchit antaral par janavari-faravari mean kumbh mela ayojit hota hai. is anushthan ke samay lakhoan tirthayatri ganga mean snan karate haian. pavitr snan ki drishti se any tirth haian, varanasi, kashi aur haridvar. kalakatta mean hugali nadi bhi pavitr mani jati hai. tirthayatra ki drishti se ganga tat par gangotri aur alakananda aur bhagirathi ka sangam bhi mahattvapoorn hai. hindoo apane mritakoan ki bhasm evan asthiyaan yah manate hue yahaan visarjit karate haian ki aisa karane se mritak sidhe svarg mean jata hai. isilie ganga ke tat par kee sthanoan par shavadah hetu vishesh ghat bane hue haian.
ganga punitatam nadi hai aur isake tatoan par haridvar, kanakhal, prayag evan kashi jaise param prasiddh tirth avasthit haian. prasiddh nadisookt[5] mean sarvapratham ganga ka hi ahvan kiya gaya hai. rrigved[6] mean ‘gangay’ shabd aya hai jisaka sambhavat: arth hai ‘ganga par vriddhi karata hua.’[7] shatapath brahman[8] evan aitarey brahman [9] mean ganga evan yamuna ke kinare par bharat daushyanti ki vijayoan evan yajnoan ka ullekh hua hai. shatapath brahman[10] mean ek prachin gatha ka ullekh hai- ‘nadapith par apsara shakuntala ne bharat ko garbh mean dharan kiya, jisane sampoorn prithvi ko jitane ke uparant indr ke pas yajn ke lie ek sahasr se adhik ashv bheje.’ mahabharat[11] evan puranoan[12] mean ganga ki mahatta evan pavitrikaran ke vishay mean saik doan prashastijanak shlok haian. skand puran[13] mean ganga ke ek sahasr namoan ka ullekh hai. yahaan par uparyukt granthoan mean diye gaye varnanoan ka tho da aansh bhi dena sambhav nahian hai. adhikaansh bharatiyoan ke man mean ganga jaisi nadiyoan evan himalay jaise parvatoan ke do svaroop ghar kar baithe haian-
- bhautik
- adhyatmik
vishal nadiyoan ke sath daivi jivan ki pragadhata sanlagn ho hi jati hai. tayalar ne apane granth ‘primitiv kalchar’[14] mean likha hai-
‘jinhean ham nirjiv padarth kahate haian, yatha nadiyaan, patthar, vriksh, astr-shastr adi. ve jivit, buddhishali ho uthate haian, unase batean ki jati haian, unhean prasann kiya jata hai aur yadi ve hani pahuanchate haian to unhean dandit bhi kiya jata hai.’
ganga ke mahatmy evan usaki tirthayatra ke vishay mean prithak-prithakh granth pranit hue haian. yatha- ganeshvar (1350 ee.) ka gangapattalak, mithila ke raja padmasianh ki rani vishvasadevi ki gangavakyavali, ganapati ki gangabhaktitarangini evan vardhaman ki gangakrityavivek. in granthoan ki tithiyaan is mahagranth ke ant mean di huee haian.
[[chitr:Ganga-5.jpg|thumb|ganga nadi ke ghat par shraddhalu snan karate hue|250px]]
ganga snan vidhi
ganga snan ke lie sankalp karane ke vishay mean nibandhoan ne kee vikalp diye haian. prayashchittatattv[15] mean vistrit sankalp diya hua hai. gangavakyavali[16] matsy puran[17] mean jo snan vidhi di huee hai vah sabhi varnoan evan ved ke vibhinn shakhanuyayiyoan ke lie saman hai. matsyapuran[18] ke varnan ka nishkarsh yoan hai- bina snan aur sharir ki shuddhi evan shuddh vicharoan ka astitv nahian hota. isi se man ko shuddh karane ke lie sarvapratham snan ki vyakhya hoti hai. koee kisi koop ya dhara se patr mean jal lekar snan kar sakata hai ya bina is vidhi se bhi snan kar sakata hai. ‘namo narayanay’ mantr ke sath buddhiman logoan ko tirthasthal ka dhyan karana chahie. hath mean darbh (kush) lekar, pavitr evan shuddh hokar achaman karana chahie. char vargahast sthal ko chunana chahie aur nimn mantr ke sath ganga ka avahan karana chahie.
"tum vishnu ke charan se utpann huee ho, tum vishnu se bhakti rakhati ho, tum vishnu ki pooja karati ho, at: janm se maran tak kiye ge papoan se meri raksha karo. svarg, antariksh evan prithvi mean 35 karo d tirth haian; he jahnavi ganga, ye sabhi dev tumhare haian. devoan mean tumhara nam nandini (anand dene vali) aur nalini bhi hai tatha tumhare any nam bhi haian, yatha- daksha, prithvi, vihaga, vishvakaya, amrita, shiva, vidyadhari, suprashanta, shantipradayini."[19]
snan karate samay in namoan ka uchcharan karana chahie. tab tin lokoan mean bahane vali ganga pas mean chali ayegi (bhale hi vyakti ghar par hi snan kar raha ho). vyakti ko us jal ko, jis par sat bar mantr padha gaya ho, tin ya char ya paanch ya sat bar sir par chhi dakana chahie. nadi ke niche ki mitti ka mantr path ke sath lep karana chahie. is prakar snan evan achaman karake vyakti ko bahar ana chahie aur do shvet evan pavitr vastr dharan karane chahie.
thumb|ganga nadi ke ghat ka sundar drishy|left|250px
tarpan
isake uparant use tin lokoan ke santosh ke lie devoan, rrishiyoan evan pitaroan ka yathavidhi tarpan karana chahie. tarpan ke do prakar haian-
- pradhan
- gaun
pradhan vidyadhyayan samapt kiye hue dvijoan dvara devoan, rrishiyoan evan pitaroan ke lie pratidin kiya jata hai. gaun snan ke aang ke roop mean kiya jata hai.[20] tarpan snan evan brahmayajn donoan ka aang hai. tarpan apani ved shakha ke anusar hota hai. doosara niyam yah hai ki tarpan tilayukt jal se kisi tirthasthal, gaya mean, pitripaksh (ashvin ke krishnapaksh) mean kiya jata hai. vidhava bhi kisi tirth mean apane pati ya sambandhi ke lie tarpan kar sakati hai. sannyasi aisa nahian karata. pita vala vyakti bhi tarpan nahian karata. kintu vishnupuran ke mat se vah tin aanjili devoan, tin rrishiyoan ko evan ek prajapati (‘devastupyantamh’ ke roop mean) ko deta hai. ek any niyam yah hai ki-
‘shraddhe havanakale ch paninaiken diyate. tarpane toobhayan kuryadish ev vidhi:smrit..[21]
abrahmastambaparyant devarshipitrimanava:. tripyantu pitar: sarve matrimatamahaday:.. atitakulakotinaan saptadvipanivasinamh. abrahmayubh-nallokadidamastu tilodakamh.. [22]
isake pashchath soory ko namaskar evan tin bar pradakshina kar tatha kisi brahman, sona evan gay ka sparsh kar snanakarta ko vishnu mandir (ya apane ghar, pathaantar ke anusar) mean jana chahie.
yahaan yah jnatavy hai ki matsy puran[23] ke shlok, jinaka nishkarsh oopar diya gaya hai, kuchh antaroan ke sath padm puran[24] mean bhi paye jate haian. prayashchittatattv[25] mean ganga snan ke samay ke mantr diye hue haian.[26]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ bharat ki mukhy nadiyaan hindi blag. abhigaman tithi: 21 joon, 2009.
- ↑ sianh, d aau. rajakumar (julaee) vichar vimarsh. mathura: sagar prakashan. abhigaman tithi: 22 joon, 2009.
- ↑ shrigangasahastranamastotram bharatiy sahity sangrah. abhigaman tithi: 22 joon, 2009.
- ↑ shrigangaji ki arati vebadunaya. abhigaman tithi: 22 joon, 2009.
- ↑ rrigved 10, 75, 5-6
- ↑ rrigved (6|45|31
- ↑ adhi bribu: paninaan varshishthe moordhannasthath. uru:kaksho n ganagy:.. rrigved (6|45|31). antim pad ka arth hai ‘ganga ke tatoan par ugi huee ghas ya jha di ke saman.’
- ↑ shatapath brahman (13|5|4|11 evan 13
- ↑ aitarey brahman (39, 9
- ↑ shatapath brahman (13, 5, 4,11 evan 13
- ↑ mahabharat (anushasan. 26|26-103
- ↑ puran (naradiy, uttarardh, adhyay 38-45 evan 51|1-48; padm puran 5|60|1-127; agnitr adhyay 110; matsy puran, adhyay 180-185; padm puran, adikhand, adhyay 33-37
- ↑ skand puran (kashikhand, adhyay 33-37
- ↑ primitiv kalchar (dvitiy sanskaran, prishth 477
- ↑ prayashchittatattv (prishth 497-498
- ↑ adyamuke masi amukapakshe amukatithau sady:papapranashapoorvakan sarvapunyapraptikamogangaya snanamahan karishye. gangavakyavali (prishth 141). aur dekhie tirthachi. (prishth 206-207), jahaan gangasnan ke poorvak liank sankalpoan ke kee vikalp diye hue haian.
- ↑ matsy puran (102
- ↑ matsyapuran (adhyay 102
- ↑ smritichandrika (1, prishth 182) ne matsy puran (102) ke shlok (1-8) uddhrit kiye haian. smritichandrika ne vahian ganga ke 12 vibhinn nam die haian. padm puran (4|81|17-19) mean matsy puran ke nam paye jate haian. is adhyay ke arambh mean ganga ke sahasr namoan ki or sanket kiya ja chuka hai.
- ↑ nityan naimittikan kamyan trividhan snanamuchyate. tarpanan tu bhavettasy aangattven prakirtitamh.. brahmand puran (gangabhakti., 162
- ↑ arthath ek hath (dahine) se shraddh mean ya agni mean ahuti di jati hai, kintu tarpan mean donoan hathoan se jal snan karane vali nadi mean dala jata hai ya phir bhoomi par chho da jata hai. naradiy puran (uttar, 57|62-63)’
- ↑ arthath yadi koee vistrit vidhi se tarpan n kar sake to vah nimn mantroan ke sath (jo vayu puran, 110|21-22 mean diye hue haian) til evan kush se mishrit jal ki tin aanjaliyaan de sakata hai
- ↑ matsy puran (102|2-31
- ↑ padm puran (patalakhand 81|12-42 evan srishtikhand 20|145-176
- ↑ prayashchittatattv prishth 502
- ↑ vishnupadabjasambhoote gange tripathagamini. dharmavrateti vikhyate papan mean har jahnavi.. shraddhaya bhaktisampanne shrimatardevi jahnavi. amritenambuna devi bhagirathi punih mamh.. smritichandrika (1|131); prayashchittatattv (502); tvan dev saritaan nath tvan devi saritaan vare. ubhayo: sangame snatva munchami duritani vai.. vahi. aur dekhie padm puran (srishtikhand, 60|60