ग़दर पार्टी

gadar parti
gadar parti ka dhvaj|200px|center
vivaran	'gadar parti' paradhin bharat ko aangrezoan se svatantr karane ke uddeshy se bana ek dal tha.
sthapana	25 joon, 1913
uddeshy	gadar shabd ka arth hai- vidroh. isaka mukhy uddeshy bharat mean kranti lana tha. jisake lie aangrezi niyantran se bharat ko svatantr karana avashyak tha.
sansthapak	sohan sianh bhakana
any janakari	1 navambar 1913 se ek saptahik patr ‘gadar’ ka prakashan bhi shuroo kiya. yah patr sen phraansisko ke 'yugantar ashram' se khule am prakashit hota tha. pahale ise urdoo aur gurumukhi mean prakashit kiya gaya lekin bad mean kee any bhashaoan mean bhi isaka prakashan hua.

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gadar parti paradhin bharat ko aangrezoan se svatantr karane ke uddeshy se bana ek dal tha. ise amerika aur kanada ke bharatiyoan ne 25 joon 1913 mean banaya tha. ise prashant tat ka hindi sangh (Hindi Association of the Pacific Coast) bhi kaha jata tha. yah parti "gadar" nam ka patr bhi nikalati thi jo urdoo aur panjabi mean chhapata tha.

gadar ka arth

gadar shabd ka arth hai - vidroh. isaka mukhy uddeshy bharat mean kranti lana tha. jisake lie aangrezi niyantran se bharat ko svatantr karana avashyak tha. gadar parti ka haid kvartar sain phraansisko mean sthapit kiya gaya. isane ek 'yugantar ashram' nam se ek sanstha bhi sthapit ki, jisaka kary yuva bharatiyoan mean deshabhakti ki bhavana phailana hai aur unhean vidroh ke lie prashikshit karana hai.

sthapana

gadar parti ki sthapana 25 joon, 1913 ee. mean ki gee thi. parti ka janm amerika ke sain phraansisko ke 'estoriya' mean aangrezi samrajy ko j d se ukha d pheankane ke uddeshy se hua. gadar parti ke sansthapak adhyaksh sohan sianh bhakana the. isake atirikt kesar sianh thathagadh (upadhyaksh), lala haradayal (mahamantri), lala thakuradas dhuri (sanyukt sachiv) aur pandit kaanshiram madaroli (koshadhyaksh) the. ‘gadar’ namak patr ke adhar par hi parti ka nam bhi ‘gadar parti’ rakha gaya tha. ‘gadar’ patr ne sansar ka dhyan bharat mean aangrezoan ke dvara kie ja rahe atyachar ki or dilaya. nee parti ki kanada, chin, japan adi mean shakhaean kholi geean. lala haradayal isake mahasachiv the.[[chitr:Kartar-Singh-Sarabha.jpg|left|karatar sianh sarabha|200px|thumb]]

gadar saptahik patr

is sangathan ne 1 navambar 1913 se ek saptahik patr ‘gadar’ ka prakashan bhi shuroo kiya. yah patr sen phraansisko ke yugantar ashram se khule am prakashit hota tha. pahale ise urdoo aur gurumukhi mean prakashit kiya gaya lekin bad mean kee any bhashaoan mean bhi isaka prakashan hua. is patr ko bharat aur duniya ke un deshoan mean pahuanchane ki jabaradast koshishean ki gayian, jahaan pravasi bharatiy rahate the. isaki saik doan pratiyaan shanghaee, haangakaang aur kee doosare rastoan se bharat pahuanchati thian. gadar ki lokapriyata kafi badhi aur isamean chhapane vali granthi bhagavan sianh ki kraantikari kavitaoan ne duniya bhar mean phaile bharatiyoan ke hriday mean svatantrata prapti ki tivrata ka bhav jagane mean khasi kamayabi bhi payi. gadar parti ke taur-tarike aur gadar ki vicharadhara ko desh mean bhi kafi alochanaean sahan karani p dian lekin is bat mean koee sandeh ki guanjaish nahian ki gadar parti ne desh ki ajadi ke lie eemanadar aur sahasik koshish ki.

gadar aandolan

yugantar ashram gadar parti ka mukhyalay tha. yahian se gadar parti ne ek postar chhapa tha jise panjab mean jagah jagah chipakaya bhi gaya tha. is postar par likha tha -"jang da hoka arthath yuddh ki ghoshana. gadar ke netaoan ne nirnay liya ki ab vah samay a gaya hai ki ham british sarakar ke khilaf usaki sena mean sangathit vidroh kar sakate haian. kyoanki tab pratham vishvayuddh dhire-dhire qarib a raha tha aur british hakumat ko bhi sainikoan ki bahut avashyakata thi. netritv ne bharat vapis ane ka nirnay liya. agast 1914 mean b di railiyoan aur janasabhaoan ka ayojan kiya gaya. jisamean sabhi hinduoan se kaha gaya ki ve hindustan ki or lautean aur british hakumat ke viruddh sashastr vidroh mean bhag lean. is prakar gadar parti ke adhyaksh sohan sianh bhakana jo ki japan mean the ne bharat ane ka nirnay liya. unhoanne b di savadhani se apani yojana ko taiyar kiya. british hakumat ke dushmanoan se madad prapt karane ke lie gadar parti ne barakatullah ko kabul bheja. kapoor sianh mohi chini krantikariyoan se sahayata prapt karane ke lie sun-yat sen se mile. sohan sianh bhakana bhi tokiyo mean jarman kaanusalar se mile. teja sianh svatantr ne turkish militri akadami mean jana tay kar liya taki prashikshan prapt kiya ja sake. gadar parti ke neta pani aur jal ke raste bharat pahuanchana chahate the. isake lie kamagatamaroo, es.es. koriya aur naimasaiang nam ke jahajoan par hajaroan gadar neta chadhakar bharat ki or ane lage.
[[chitr:Sohan-Singh-Bhakna.jpg|left|sohan sianh bhakana|200px|thumb]] lagabhag 8 hajar gadar sadasy bharat vidroh ke lie laut rahe the aur unaka pahuanchana 1916 tak tay tha. deharadoon mean bhaee paramanand ne ghoshana ki ki 5 hajar gadar sadasy unake sath ayean. lekin bich ki kisi kamazor k di ke karan yah soochana british hakumat tak pahuanch gayi. unhoanne yuddh ki ghoshana vale postaroan ko ganbhirata se liya. sitambar 1914 ko sarakar ne ek adhyadesh parit kiya jisake tahat rajy sarakaroan ko yah adhikar de diya gaya ki ve bharat mean dakhil hone vale kisi bhi vyakti ko hirasat mean lekar poochhatachh kar sakeange bhale hi vah bharatiy mool ka kyoan n ho. pahale bangal aur panjab ki rajy sarakaroan ko yah adhikar diye gaye aur isake lie ludhiyana mean ek poochhatachh kendr bhi sthapit kiya gaya. kamagata maroo ke yatri is adhyadesh ke pahale shikar bane. sohan sianh bhakana aur any logoan ko naimasaiang jahaj se utarate samay giraphtar kar liya gaya aur ludhiyana laya gaya. ve gadar sadasy jo posamaroo jahaj se aye the ve bhi pak de gaye. unhean miantagumari aur multan ki jeloan mean bhej diya gaya. jo jamanat par chhoot ge.

vidroh aur kranti ka din

[[chitr:Hardayal.jpg|thumb|lala haradayal|150px]] bharat mean gadar ke javanoan ne doosare krantikariyoan ke sath achchhe rishte kayam kar liye. inamean se kuchh ne bangal aur uttar pradesh mean revyoolooshnari parti aauph indiya (1917) gathit ki. vishnu ganesh piangale, karatar sianh sarabha, ras bihari bos, bhaee paramanand, haphij abdula adi krantikariyoan ne mahattvapoorn bhoomika ada ki. amritasar ko kantrol sentar ke roop mean prayog kiya gaya. use gadar parti ne bad mean lahaur sthanantarit kar diya. 12 pharavari 1915 ko gadar parti ne nirnay liya ki vidroh aur kranti ka din 21 pharavari 1915 hoga. poori rananiti ko miyaan mir, phirojapur, merath, lahaur aur dilli ki phauji chhavaniyoan mean lagoo kiya gaya tha. kohat, bannoo aur dinapur mean bhi vidroh usi din hona tha. karatar sianh saraba ko phirojapur ko niyantran mean lena tha. piangale ko merath se dilli ki or badhana tha. daktar mathura sianh ko phrantiyar ke kshetroan mean jana tha. nidhan sianh chugh, guramukh sianh aur haranam sianh ko jhelam, ravalapiandi aur hote hue mardan jana tha. bhaee paramanand ji ko peshavar ka kary diya gaya tha. durbhagy se british hakumat ko apane ejeantoan ke madhyam se kranti ki khabar lag gayi. gadar ke nayakoan ne vidroh ki tithi mean 21 pharavari ke sthan par 19 pharavari karake parivartan kar diya. parantu british prashasan ne tivrata dikhate hue kary kiya aur bharatiy sena ko bina hathiyar ka bana diya. barood ke godamoan par qabza kar diya isake bad gadar parti ke bahut se neta aur yojak giraphtar ho gaye. unhean lahaur mean kaid kar liya gaya. 82 gadar netaoan ke oopar mukadama chala jise lahaur kaanspresi kes kaha gaya. 17 gadar sadasyoan ko bhago da ghoshit kiya gaya.

prerana srot

panjab ke gavarnar maikal o dayar ne british hakumat se vishisht qanooni pravadhanoan ki maang ki jisake tahat kort mean apil ki vyavastha n ho sake. aangrej sarakar "diphens aauph indiya rool" ka pravadhan lekar ayi jisake tahat gadar netaoan ke viruddh jhatapat nirnay ho sake. 13 sitambar 1915 ko 24 gadar netaoan ko maut ki saja sunaee gee shesh ko umr kaid di gayi. 25 aktoobar 1915 ko doosare lahaur kaanspresi kes mean 102 gadar netaoan ka mukadama prarambh hua, jisaka nirnay 30 march 1916 ko hua, jisake tahat 7 ko phaansi ki saja di gayi, 45 ko umrakaid aur anyoan ko 8 mahine se 4 varsh ki kathor saja sunaee gayi. gadar parti ke mahanh netaoan sohan sianh bhakana, karatar sianh sarabha, lala haradayal adi ne jo kary kiye, usane bhagat sianh, rajaguru, sukhadev jaise krantikariyoan ko svatantrata sangram mean bhag lene ke lie prerit kiya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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