गिरनार

giranar
giranar parvat|200px|center
vivaran	giranar ki paha diyoan se pashchim aur poorv disha mean bhadas, rohaja, shatarooanji aur ghelo nadiyaan bahati haian. in paha diyoan par mukhyatah bhil aur dubala logoan ka nivas hai.
sthan	joonagadh, gujarat, bharat
ooanchaee	1,031 mi (3,383 phit)
bhaugolik nirdeshaank	21°29′41″ uttar, 70°30′20″ poorv
aitihasik ullekh	yahaan par ek chattan par maury samrat ashok ka chaturdash shilalekh aankit hai. usi chattan ke doosari or shak kshatrap rudradaman ka abhilekh (150ee.) hai, jisamean maury samrat chandragupt maury ke adesh se vahaan par sudarshan jhil ke nirman ka ullekh hai.
tirth sthal	giranar jain matavalambiyoan ka pavitr tirth sthan hai. yahaan mallinath aur neminath ke smarak bane hue haian.
googal manachitr	giranar
any janakari	vishal giranar paha diyoan mean gorakhanath shikhar (1,117 mitar) sthit hai, jise ek mrit jvalamukhi mana jata hai. gir parvatashreni ki ek paha di par giranar ka prachin jain mandir (aitihasik nam rauvat ya ula dathet) hone ke karan is parvatashreni ko pavitr mana jata hai.

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giranar (aangrezi: Girnar) gujarat mean joonagadh ke nikat ek parvat ka nam hai. giranar ki paha diyoan se pashchim aur poorv disha mean bhadas, rohaja, shatarooanji aur ghelo nadiyaan bahati haian. in paha diyoan par mukhyatah bhil aur dubala logoan ka nivas hai. eshiyaee sianhoan ke lie vikhyat 'gir van rashtriy udyan' isi kshetr mean sthit hai. khanbaliya, dhari visavadar, meandarada aur adityana yahaan ke pramukh nagar haian.

itihas

giranar ka prachin nam 'girinagar' tha. mahabharat mean ullikhit revatak parvat ki kro d mean basa hua prachin tirth sthal. paha di ki ooanchi choti par kee jain mandir hai. yahaan ki chadhaee b di kathin hai. girishikhar tak pahuanchane ke lie sat hazar sidhiyaan haian. in mandiroan mean sarvaprachin, gujarat nerash kumarapal ke samay ka bana hua hai. doosara vastupal aur tejapal namak bhaiyoan ne banavaya tha. ise tirthankar mallinath ka mandir kahate haian. yah vikram sanvath 1288 (1237 ee.) mean bana tha. tisara mandir neminath ka hai, jo 1277 ee. ke lagabhag taiyar hua tha. yah sabase adhik vishal aur bhavy hai.

prachin kal mean in mandiroan ki shobha bahut adhik thi, kyoanki inamean sabhamandap, stanbh, shikhar, garbhagrih adi svachchh sangamaramar se nirmit hone ke karan bahut chamakadar aur suandar dikhate the. ab anekoan bar marammat hone se inaka svabhavik soandary kuchh phika p d gaya hai. parvat par dattatrey ka mandir aur gomukhi ganga hai, jo hinduoan ka tirth hai. jainoan ka tirth gajeandr padakuand bhi parvat shikhar par avasthit hai.

abhilekh

giranar mean kee itihas prasiddh abhilekh mile haian. paha di ki talahati mean ek vrihath chattan par ashok ki mukhy dharmalipiyaan 1-14 utkirn haian, jo brahmi lipi aur pali bhasha mean haian. isi chattan par kshatrap rudradaman ka, lagabhag 120 ee. mean utkirn, prasiddh sanskrit abhilekh hai. inamean pataliputr ke chandragupt maury tatha paravarti rajaoan dvara nirmit tatha jirnoanddharit sudarshan jhil aur vishnu mandir ka suandar varnan hai. yah lekh sanskrit kavy shaili ke vikas ke adhyayan ke lie mahatvapoorn samajha jata hai. yah abhilekh is prakar hai-

"siddhamh. idan tadakan sudarshanan girinagaradapidoo-mrittikopalavistarayamochchhayani:sandhibaddhadridhasarvapalikatvath parvatapadapratispardhi sushlishtavandhan-mavajatenakritrimen setubandhenopapannan suprativihrit pranaliparibahamidhavidhanan ch triskandhan nadibhiranugrahai mahetyupachaye vartate. tadidan rajno mahakshatrapasy sugrihitanamn: svamichashtanapautrasy rajn: kshatrapasy jayadann: putrasy rajno mahakshatrapasy gurubhirabhyastanamno rudradamnovarshe dvisaptatitame 702 margashirsh bahul pratipadayaan srishtavrishtina parjanyenaikarnavabhootayamiv prithivyaan kritayaan gireroorjayat: suvarnasikatapalashiniprabhritinaan nadinamati matrodrivrittairvegai: setum-yamana-nuroop pratikaramapi-girashikhar tarutatattal kopatalp dvarasharanochchhay vidhvansina yuganivanasaddashaparamaghoravegen vayuna pramathit salil vikshipt jarjari kritav kshiptashm vrikshagulm latapratan manadi taladityuddhatit masith. chatvari hastashatani vianshaduttaranyayatenaitavantye v vistirnane panch saptahastanavagadhan bheden ni:srit sarv tirth marudhanvakalp matibhrishan dudarshanan-syarthe mauryasy rajn: chandraguptasy rashtriyen vaishyen pushpagupten karitamashokasy mauryasy krite yavanarajen tusharasphenadhishtay pranali bhiralankrit tatkaritaya ch rajanuroop kritavidhanaya tasmin bhede drishtaya pranadya vistrit setuna garbhath prabhrityavihit samudit rajalakshmi dharanagunat: sarvavarnerabhigamy rakshanarth patitve vritena pranochchhavasath purushavadh nivriti kritasatyapratijnenanyatr sangrameshvabhimukhagat sadrish shatru praharan vitaran tvadiguj ripu-dhritakarunyen svayamabhigat janapad pranipatitayush sharanaden dasyuvyal mrigarogadibhiranu pasrisht poorv nagaranigam janapadanaan svaviryarjitanamanurakt sarvaprakritinaan poorvaparakara vantyanoopani vridanart surashtr shvabhrabharukachchh siandhu sauvir kukuraparant nishadadinaan samagranaan tatprabhavady rth kam vishayanaan vishayanaan patina sarvakshatravishkritavir shabd jatotsek vidheyanaan yauyeyanaan prasahyotsadaken dakshinapathapate: satakarne dvirapi nirvyaj mavajityavajity sanbandhabidooratayanutsadana tpraptayashasa mapt vijayen bhrasht rajapratishthapaken yatharthahastochchhrayarjito-rjitadharmanuragen shabdarth gaandharvanyayadyanaan vidyanaan mahatinaan paran dharan vijnan prayogavapt bipulakirtina turag gaj rath charyasi charm niyuddhadya parabal laghavasaushthav kripenahar hardanamana navamanashilen sthoolalakshen yathavath praptairbalishulk bhagai: kanak rajatavajr vadoory ratnopachay vishyandaman koshen sphutalaghu madhur chitrakant shabd samayoharalankrit gadyapady-n pramanamanonman svar gativarn saras tyadibhi: paramalakshanan vyanjanai rupetakantamoortina svayamadhigat-mahakshatrap namna narendr kanya svayanvaranek malyaprapt damna mahakshatrapen rudradamna varsh sahastray govrahy-v dharmakirti vriddhayarth chapidayitva karavishti pranayakriyabhi: paurajanapadan janan svasmatkoshanmahata dhanaughenanati mahata ch kalen trigun dridhatar vistarayaman setuan vidhay sarv tate sudarshan varan karitamh. asminnarthe mahakshatrapasy mati sachivakarm sachivairamaty gun samudyuktairapyati mahatvadh bhedasyanutsah vimukh matibhi: pratyakhyataranbhan pun: setuvandhanai rashyaddhaha bhootasu prajasvihaghishthane paurajanapadajananugraharth parthiven kritsnanamanart surashtranaan palanarth niyukten pahlaven kulaipaputrenamatyen suvishakhen yathavadarthadharm vyavahar darshanairanuragam bivardhayata shakten dantena chapala vismitenaryenaharyen svadhitishthata dharmakirti yashaansi bharturabhivardhayatanushthitamiti."

skandagupt ka abhilekh

isi abhilekh ki chattan par 458 ee. ka gupt samrat skandagupt ke samay ka bhi ek abhilekh aankit hai. isamean skandagupt dvara niyukt surashtr ke tatkalinarashtrik parnadatt ka ullekh hai. parnadatt ke putr chakrapalit ne jo girinagar ka shasak tha, sudarshan t dag ke setu ya baandh ka jirnoddhar karavaya, kyoanki yah skandagupt ke rajyabhishek ke varsh mean jal ke veg se nasht ho gaya tha. in abhilekhoan se pramanit hota hai ki hamare itihas ke sudoor atit mean bhi rajy dvara nadiyoan par baandh banakar kisanoan ke lie krishi evan sianchaee ke sadhan jutane ko dirghakalin pratha thi. jain granth vividhatirthakalp mean varnit hai ki giranar sab parvatoan mean shreshth hai, kyoanki yah tirthankar neminath se sambandhit hai.

rudradaman ke joonagadh lekh se jnat hota hai ki samrat ashok ke samay tushashp namak adhinasth yavan rajyapal ke roop mean saurashtr par shasan karata tha. giranar ki ek paha di ki talahati mean ashok ke shilalekh (tisari shatabdi ee. poo.) se yukt ek chattan hai. maury shasak chandragupt (chauthi shatabdi ee. poo. ka uttarardh) dvara sudarshan namak jhil banae jane ka ullekh bhi isi shilalekh mean milata hai. in do mahattvapoorn aitihasik pramanoan ke as-pas ki paha diyoan par solanki vansh (961-1242) ke rajaoan dvara banavae ge kee jain mandir sthit haian.

tirth sthal

in donoan aitihasik abhilekhoan ke alava giranar jain matavalambiyoan ka pavitr tirth sthan hai. yahaan mallinath aur neminath ke smarak bane hue haian. jainoan ke sabase pavitr tirth sthaloan mean pramukh 1118 mitar ooanche giranar parvat par sangamaramar se bane 16 mandir vishesh roop se darshaniy haian. oopar tak pahuanchane ke lie darshakoan ko pattharoan se tarashi gayi das hazar sidhiyaan chadhani p dati haian. sabase prachin aur vishal mandir 22vean tirthankar neminath ka hai, jisaka nirman 112vian shatabdi mean hua tha. [[chitr:Girnar-Hill.jpg|thumb|250px|left|giranar, gujarat]]

krishi aur udyog

viral abadi vale is kshetr ki arthavyavastha mean jivika ke lie ki jane vali krishi ki pradhanata hai; yahaan ki fasaloan mean anaj, mooangaphali aur kapas shamil hai. b de paimane par kuchh udyog haian, jinamean vastr tatha lohe v ispat ke farnichar ka nirman hota hai. kutir udyogoan mean badheegiri, lak di par naqqashi, pital ke bartanoan par varnish ka kam, kadhaee (kathiyava di namoonoan ke roop mean vikhyat) aur oon ki bunaee shamil hai.

gir parvatashreni

• gir parvatashreni pashchimi gujarat ki nimn parvatashreni, dakshini kathiyava d prayadvip ke pashchimi-madhy bharat mean sthit hai.
• gir parvatashreni atyadhik oob d-khab d hai aur dakshin mean samudr ki or tikhi dhalan tatha uttar mean bhitari bhoomi ki or apekshakrit kam nichali hai. yahaan se uttar disha mean nichali, sankari, vibhakt parvatashreni phaili huee hai.
• vishal giranar paha diyoan mean gorakhanath shikhar (1,117 mitar) sthit hai, jise ek mrit jvalamukhi mana jata hai. gir parvatashreni ki ek paha di par giranar ka prachin jain mandir (aitihasik nam rauvat ya ula dathet) hone ke karan is parvatashreni ko pavitr mana jata hai.
• yah mandir ka pramukh tirthasthal hai. yah parvatashreni sal aur dhak ke vrikshoan se bhare jangaloan se dhaki huee hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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