गुरु

[[chitr:Swami Vivekanand.jpg|thumb|250px|svami vivekanand]] guru hiandoo dharm mean ek vyaktigat adhyatmik shikshak ya nirdeshak hote haian, jinhoanne adhyatmik aantardrishti prapt kar li ho. kam se kam upanishadoan ke samay se bharat mean dharmik shiksha mean gurukul paddhati par zor diya jata raha hai. paranparik roop se purush shishy guruoan ke ashram mean rahate the aur bhakti tatha ajnakarita se unaki seva karate the. bhakti aandolan ke utthan ke sath, jo isht devata ke prati bhakti par zor deta hai, guru aur bhi adhik mahattvapoorn charitr ban ge. kisi sanpraday ke pramukh ya sansthapak ke roop mean guru shraddha ke patr the aur unhean adhyatmik saty ka moortiman jivit roop mana jata tha. is prakar unhean devata ke jaisa samman prapt tha. guru ke prati seva bhav aur ajnakarita ki paranpara ab bhi vidyaman hai.

guru ki paribhasha

'guru' shabd mean 'gu' ka arth hai 'aandhakar' aur 'ru' ka arth hai 'prakash' arthath guru ka shabdik arth hua 'aandhakar se prakash ki or le jane vala margadarshak'. sahi arthoan mean guru vahi hai jo apane shishyoan ka margadarshan kare aur jo uchit ho us or shishy ko age badhane ke lie prerit kare. guru usako kahate haian jo ved-shastroan ka grinan (upadesh) karata hai athava stut hota hai. manusmriti mean guru ki paribhasha nimnaankit hai-

nishekadini karmani y: karoti yathavidhi.
sambhavayati channen s vipro gururuchyate.

[[chitr:Guru-Granth-Sahib.jpg|thumb|250px|guru granth sahib]] jo vipr nishak adi sanskaroan ko yatha vidhi karata hai aur ann se poshan karata hai vah 'guru' kahalata hai. is paribhasha se pita pratham guru hai, tatpashchath purohit, shikshak adi. mantradata ko bhi guru kahate haian.

• 'gurutv' ke lie varjit purushoan ki soochi 'kalikapuran' mean is prakar di huee hai-

abhishaptamaputrachn sannaddhan kitavan tatha.
kriyahinan kalpagh d vamanan gurunindakamh॥
sada matsarasanyuktan guruantreshu varjayet.
gururmantrasy moolan syat moolashaddhau sada shubhamh॥

• koormapuran mean guruvarg ki ek lambi soochi milati hai:

upadhyay: pita jyeshthabhrata chaiv mahipati:.
matul: shvashurastrata matamahapitamahau॥
bandhurjyeshth: pitrivyashch puansyete gurav: smrita:॥
matamahi matulani tatha matushch sodara॥
shvashroo: pitamahi jyeshtha dhatri ch gurav: strishu.
ityutko guruvargoyan matrit: pitrito dvija:॥

[[chitr:Ramkrishna Paramhans.jpg|thumb|250px|ramkrishna paramahans]] inaka shishtachar, adar aur seva karane ka vidhan hai.

• 'yutkikalpataru' mean achchhe guru ke lakshan nimnaankit kahe gaye haian-

sadachar: kushaladhi: sarvashastrarthaparag:.
nityanaimittikananch karyanaan karak: shuchi:॥
aparvamaithunapur: pitridevarchane rat:.
gurubhaktojitakrodho vipranaan hitakrit sada॥
dayavan shilasampann: satkulino mahamati:.
paradareshu vimukho dridhasankalpako dvij:॥
anyaishch vaidikagunaigunairyukt: karyo gururnripai:.
etairev gunairyukt: purodha: syanmahirbhujamh॥
mantraguru ke vishesh lakshan batalaye gaye haian:
shaanto daant: kulinashch vinit: shuddhaveshavanh.
shuddhachar: supratishth: shuchirdaksh: subuddhiman॥
ashrami dhyananishthashch mantr-tantr-visharad:.
nigrahanugrahe shakto gururityabhidhiyate॥
uddhartuchnai v sanhatuan samartho brahmanottam:.
tapasvi satyavadi ch grihastho guruchyate॥

[[chitr:Guru-Nanak.jpg|thumb|250px|guru nanak dev]] samanyat: dvijati ka guru agni, varnoan ka guru brahman, striyoan ka guru pati aur sabaka guru atithi hota hai-

gurugnidvijatinaan varnanaan bahmano guru:.
patireko guru: strinaan sarveshamatithirguru:॥

• upanayanapoorvak achar sikhane vala tatha vedadhyayan karane vala achary hi yatharthat: guru hai-

upaniy guru: shishyan shikshayechchhauchamadit:.
acharamagnikaryanchasandhyopasanameb ch॥
alpan va bahu va yast shrutasyopakaroti y:.
tamapih guruan vidyachchhu topakriyayataya॥
shatartrishadabdikan charyyan gurau traivedikan vratamh.
tadarddhikan padik va grahanaantikamev va॥

guru ka chunav

[[chitr:Rabindranath-Tagore.gif|thumb|rabindranath thakur]] vir shaivoan mean yah hai ki pratyek liangayat gaanv mean ek math hota hai jo pratyek paanch prarambhik mathoan se sambandhit rahata hai. pratyek liangayat kisi n kisi math se sambandhit hota hai. pratyek ka ek guru hota hai. 'jangam' inaki ek jati hai jisake sadasy liangayatoan ke guru hote haian.

jab liangayat apane 'guru' ka chunav karata hai tab ek utsav hota hai, jisamean paanch mathoan ke mahantoan ke pratinidhi ke roop mean, rakhe jate haian. char patr vargakar akriti mean evan ek keandr mean rakha jata hai. yah keandr ka patr us liangayat ke ghar jata hai, us avasar par 'padodak' sanskar hota hai, jisamean sara parivar tatha mitramandali upasthit rahati hai. grihasvami dvara guru ki shodashopachar poorvak pooja ki jati hai.

guru ka samman

dharmik guru ke prati bhakti ki parampara bharat mean ati prachin hai. prachin kal mean guru ki ajna ka palan karana shishy ka param dharm hota tha. prachin bharat ki shiksha pranali mean vedoan ka jnan vyaktigat roop se guruoan dvara maukhik shiksha ke madhyam se shishyoan ko diya jata tha. guru shishy ka doosara pita mana jata tha evan prakritik pita se bhi adhik adaraniy tha. adhunik kal mean gurusamman aur bhi adhik bataya gaya hai. nanak, dadoo, radhasvami adi santoan ke anuyayi jise ek bar guru grahan karate haian, usaki batoan ko eeshvaravachan manate haian.

bina guru ki ajna ke koee hiandu kisi sampraday ka sadasy nahian ho sakata. pratham vah ek jijnasu banata hai. bad mean guru usake kan mean ek shubh bela mean diksha-manjn padhata hai aur phir vah sampraday ka sadasy ban jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh