गोचारण काव्य
gocharan kavy pashchaty sahity ka ek pramukh aur atyant prachin kavy roop hai. yadyapi gocharan kavy ke bhitar pratyuttarakavy[1], gramy giti[2], gramy shokagiti[3], gramy kathakavy[4], gramy natak[5], gramy prashastikavy[6], gramy mahakavy[7] adi anek kavy roopoan ka vikas hua, par sabhi prakar ke gocharan ya gramy kavy ki samany aur sthir visheshata yah hai ki usamean pratyaksh ya apratyaksh roop se nagarik aur gramy jivan tatha usake pariveshaka aantar dikhana hi pramukh uddeshy hota hai.[8]
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arth
gocharan kavy ka arth lok git ya maulik roop mean prachalit gramin janata ka paramparagat kavy nahian hai. isake viparit vah shisht nagar samaj ke kaviyoan dvara rachit kavy hota hai, jisamean darabari ya nagar parivesh mean rahane vala kavi gramy jivan ki tajagi, jivantata aur vatavaran ko vividh shailiyoan mean abhivyakt karata hai. gocharan kavy likhane vala pratham kavi yoonan ka thiyakritas (280 ee. poo.) tha, jisane bhe d charane valoan ko patr banakar unake sanlap ya svagat-bhashan ke roop mean kavy-rachana ki thi. tab se ab tak sare yoorop mean kisi-n-kisi roop mean usi ki shaili ya vishayavastu ka anukaran karake gocharan kavy ki rachana hoti ayi hai.
bharatiy pariprekshy
bharatiy sahity mean gocharan kavy namak kisi svatantr kavy roop ki parampara nahian milati, yadyapi gramy vatavaran aur pashucharan karane vali jatiyoan ke jivan se sambandhit kavy ka yahaan bhi nitaant abhav nahian hai. pali, prakrit aur apabhransh sahity mean abhiroan aur gopoan ke jivan se sambandhit tatha gramy parivesh ka chitran karane vala paryapt kavy milata hai. hemachandr ke prakrit vyakaran mean apabhransh ke sangrahit doshoan mean gocharan kavy ka sundar udaharan milata hai. hindi mean sooradas ke padoan, biharilal ke dohoan, rasakhan ke chhandoan aur ritikal ke kuchh kaviyoan ki kavita mean braj, vishesh roop se vrindavan ke parivesh aur gop ya abhir jati ke jivan ka vahut hi svabhavik aur vivrit chitran milata hai. aise kavy ko gocharan kavy tabhi mana jayaga, jab ki gocharan kavy ka vyapak arth liya jay.[8]
yooropiy dhang ke gocharan kavy ya pratyuttar kavy ka pratiroop hindi sahity mean khojana vyarth hai, kyoanki yahaan use svatantr kavy roop mana hi nahian gaya aur n hi kaviyoan ne jan-boojhakar prayatnapoorvak us prakar ka kavy hi likha hai.
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