ग्राम्या -सुमित्रानन्दन पंत

gramya -sumitranandan pant
'gramya' ka avaran prishth|150px|center
kavi	sumitranandan pant
mool shirshak	'gramya'
prakashan tithi	1940 ee.
ISBN	9788180312915
desh	bharat
prishth:	108
bhasha	hindi
vishay	gramin jivan
prakar	kavy sankalan
vishesh	aantim shreni aisi kavitaoan ki hai, jisamean kavi ne adhunik nari ko chitrit kiya hai aur usake asvabhavik jivanadarshan tatha kriyakalap ke prati lajja prakat ki hai.

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gramya ka prakashan samay 1940 ee. hai. sumitranandan pant ki 53 kavitaoan ka sankalan hai. unake kavy sankalanoan mean isaki sankhya chhathi hai. 'yugavani' mean pant ki sanvedana ka chiantan paksh ya dharana paksh samane ata hai. 'gramya' mean sahanubhooti ke madhyam se pant ka chiantan gramin jivan ke avarttoan vivarttoan ko chhoona chahata hai. is prakar 'yugavani' kavi ki marksavadi chianta ka bauddhik paksh hai to 'gramya' kavyatmak aur vyavaharik paksh. use ham yugavani ki kriyatmak bhoomika bhi kah sakate haian. is rachana ke sambandh mean svayan kavi ne nivedan mean likha hai -

"inamean pathakoan ko graminoan ke prati keval bauddhik sahanubhooti hi mil sakati hai. gram jivan mean milakar, usake bhitar se, avashy nahian likhi gayi hai. gramoan ki vartaman dasha mean vaisa karana keval pratikriyatmak sahity ko janm dena hota."

is vaktavy se yah spasht hai ki kavi ne apani sahanubhooti ke pankh baandh diye haian aur usaki u dan maryadit hai. gramya ke pragitoan mean pant ka abhivyanjanasambandhi drishtikon 'vani' shirshak rachana se prakat ho jata hai, jisamean vah chunauti ke svar mean apani vani se sambodhit hota hai-

"tum vahan kar sako jan jan mean mere vichar,
vani meri, chahie tumhean kya alankar."

'kavi kisan' shirshak rachana mean unhoanne kavi ko yug ka saanskritik neta manakar chetana bhoomi mean chir jirn vigat ki khad dalane, use sam banane, bij vapan karane aur nirane ka roopak baandha hai. yah nayi drishti usake kavi karm ki nayi disha par prakash dalati hai.

manavata ka chitran

parantu abhivyanjana ke kshetr ki yah navinata hi kavi ka lakshy nahian hai. lakshy hai dharati ke samip simatakar rahane vali kali kuroop aur uchchhisht manavata ka chitran. kavi gramin jivan aur sanskaroan ko nirmamata se dekhata parakhata hai. vah unake oopar romaans ka jhina avaran nahian chadhana chahata. usaki pahuanch bauddhik hai, bhavik nahian. isi se usane gram ko svarg ke roop mean kalpit nahian kiya hai. usaka gram kalpana ka gram na hokar yatharth gram hai jahaan -

"yahaan, kharv nar, vanar rahate yug yug ke abhishapit.
ann, vastr, pi dit asabhy, nirbuddhi, pank mean palit.
yah to manav lok nahian re, yah hai narak aparichit.
yah bharat ka gram, sabhyata, sanskriti se nirvasit.
jha d phooank ke vivar, yahi kya jivan shilpi ke ghar?
ki doan se reangate kaun ye? buddhipran nari nar?
akathaniy kshudrata, vivashata bhari yahaan ke jag mean.
grih grih mean kalah, khet mean kalah, kalah hai mag mean." - gramachitr

gramin jivan

gramin jivan ki is karuna ko kavi ne 'bharat gram', gram vadhoo, gram devata, vah buddha, gaanv ke l dake, ve aankhean, kathaputale, gram nari adi rachanaoan mean b di sahanubhooti se utara hai. usane vishv ko gramin nayanoan se dekhana chaha hai aur gram drishti shirshak rachana mean apane is naye drishtikon ko ujagar bhi kiya hai. in rachanaoan mean ham jivan ki kuroopata aur kathorata ka aisa chitr pate haian jo hamean stambhit kar deta hai, visheshat: 've aankhean' jaisi rachana mean ubharata hua chitr. ye aankhean svadhin kisan ki abhiman bhari aankhean thian, jisake jivan ne usase chhal kiya. usake laharate khet bedakhal ho gaye, ekamatr putr bhari javani mean karakunoan ki lathi se mara gaya, mahajan ne bailoan ki hrisht pusht jo di bikava di, bina dava daroo ke grihani chal basi, dudhamuanhi bitiya do din bad mar gayi aur aant mean vidhava patohoo ne kotaval dvara balath‌ bhrasht kie jane par kuane mean doobkar pran de die. in aankhoan ka athah nairashy, unaka darun du:kh dainy aur nirav rodan nagari sanskriti ke lie dhikkar hai. is dhikkar ko dagdhaksharoan mean baandh kar kavy ka roop dena sadharan kary nahian hai, yadyapi jivan ke is kathor vastavikata ko kavy ke darpan mean dekhane ke lie samikshak taiyar nahian the.

manav-bhav ka sansar

ek any prakar ka gram bhi in rachanaoan mean ubhara hai, kadachit kavi ke anachahe-yah sundarata, ullas, nrity, parv, abhod-pramod aur varn sanskaroan adi ke bhitar se hi jhaankata hua uddam manav-bhav ka sansar hai. 'gramayuvati', 'dhobiyoan ka nrity', 'gram-shri', 'nahan', 'chamaroan ka nach', 'kaharoan ka rudr-nrity' jaisi rachanaean in naye gram se bhi hamara parichay karati haian. yah gram jivan ki oorja se otaprot, kusankaroan mean abaddh, parantu pranvan manav-chetana se andolit saanskritik ikaee hai. gramin jivan ke is saundary ko uddhatit karane ke lie kavi ko nayi bhasha shaili, naye chhnd, nayi disha mean bhi poornat: saphal hai. usaki toolika varnan-kala mean siddh hoti gayi hai aur gram-jivan ki pratinidhi ye rachanaean anavil saundary aur rekha viral chatury se poorn haian parantu bauddhikata se anushasit rahane par bhi in rachanaoan mean bharatiy jan-jivan ka avachetaniy saundary asankhy rangoan-roopoan mean khil p da hai.

kendriy rachanaean

thumb|sumitranandan pant ki hastalipi mean 'gramya' ki bhoomika sankalan ki kendriy rachanaean do haian-

1. 'bharat-mata', jo navodit bharat-rashtr ka janavad ban gayi hai
2. 'gram-devata', jisamean kavi bharatiy janavad ka samarthak banakar gram- sanskriti ke prati apana abhivadan prakat karata hai.

gram-devata ki prashasti

naye manavatavad mean jan-sanskriti ko samavisht karane ki lalasa is rachana mean parivyapt hai. gram-devata ki yah prashasti vyangapran hokar bhi navayug ke lie ashesh ashish ban gayi hai kyoanki isi se hamane gram-bharat ke yarthath roop ko pahachan hai. rachana ka gharatal bauddhik hai aur usamean kavi ki adyatan chianta ki spasht jhalak hai parantu usaki sapranata usamean paryapt bhavukata ka sanchar kar deti hai. ni:sndeh yah rachana 'gramy' ka shirsh hai.

praudh chiantan aur chitran

any sankalanoan ki shaanti 'gramy' mean prakriti-patakoan khuli aankhoan aur viral rangarekhaoan se utarate haian. adhikaansh rachanaoan mean prakriti prishthabhoomi banakar ayi hai parantu usane gram- shobha mean vriddhi hi ki hai. 'sandhya ke bad', 'divasvapn', 'khi daki se' jaisi rachanaean hamean kavi ki parichit manobhoomi ki jhaanki deti haian yadyapi praudhata ke sath chiantan aur chitran ke kshetr mean kafi parivartan bhi hua hai, jo vikasasaman kalakar ke anuroop hi kaha ja sakata hai.

adhunik nari ka chitran

aantim shreni aisi kavitaoan ki hai, jisamean kavi ne adhunik nari ko chitrit kiya hai aur usake asvabhavik jivanadarshan tatha kriyakalap ke prati lajja prakat ki hai. 'adhunika', 'nari', 'svit pike prati', 'dvandv pranay' jaisi rachanaoan mean kavi gramin aur shramik nari ke svaroop pranay ke samakaksh abhijati prem ki kritrimata aur atmahinata ko ubharakar rakh deta hai. yah usake chiantan ki nayi disha hai jo bad mean usaki saanskritik vicharadhara ka mahattvapoorn aang ban gayi hai. in kavitaoan ka rachanakal dvitiy mahayuddh ki vibhishika se trast tha. at: pant ka kavyachiantan janajivan ki or mu da aur unhoanne hiansa-ahiansa ke dvandv se oopar uthakar tarun shakti ko gramoan ki or lalakara, shirshak kavita mean usaka vah svar spasht hai - "bandhan ban rahi ahiansa aj janoan ke hit".

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

dhireandr, varma “bhag- 2 par adharit”, hiandi sahity kosh (hiandi), 163-165.