घड़ीयंत्र नियंत्रण

gh diyantr niyantran prithvi ke ghoornan ke karan samast akashiy piand poorv se pashchim ki or gaman karate hue pratit hote haian. is karan yadi kisi akashiy piand ka photo lete samay kaimare ko lakshyapiand ki or nirdisht karake chho d diya jay, to ukt piand ke abhasi sthanaantaran ke karan usaka photo chitr spasht nahian prapt hoga, varanh‌ vah biandu sadrish piand ek chhoti aur moti rekha ke roop mean photo pattika par drisht hoga aur is rekha ki vimitiyaan bhi spasht athava tikshn nahian hoangi. is kathinaee ko door karane ke liye aisi vyavastha ki gee hai ki khagoliy piandoan ka photo lene vala kaimara ek vidyuth‌ sanchalit gh diyantr niyantran vyavastha dvara taroan ki abhasi gati ki hi disha mean tatha unake abhasi koniy veg ke saman veg se ghumaya ja sake, taki lakshy piand ka bianb photo pattika ke ek hi sthan par 'jama', arthath‌ 'sthitar', rahe.

gh diyantr-niyantran

vyavastha mean samany roop se ek vishal, daantedar pahiya ya chakr hota hai, jo ek dhruviy ya ghatiaksh par aropit hota hai. is aksh ko ek sparshiy sarpil (tangential worm), ya nirant pech, dvara ek saman ghoornanagati pradan ki jati hai. yah sparshiy sarpil ya nirant pech svayan vidyunmotar dvara parichalit hota hai. sadharan khagoliy yantroan mean is vidyunmotar ki chal atyant parishuddh lolak gh di dvara niyantrit ki jati hai. lolak gh di vidyunmotar mean vaanchhit prabalata ki vidyuddhara ko hi pravesh karane deti hai, taki dhruviy aksh ka ghoornan ekaroop rahe. adhik parishkrit aur visheshakar vishal yantroan mean, jinhean abhi keval kuchh b di vedhashalaoan mean hi pratishthit kiya gaya hai, dhruviy aksh ki ghoornan gati ko jatil yaantrik prakriya dvara niyantrit karane ki vyavastha ki gee hai. lolak-gh di-niyantrit virdyunmotar ke sthan par isamean samakalik motar ka prayog kiya jata hai, jisake vidyudadan ki avritti ka niyaman evan niyantran manak kanpitr yatha kvartz manibh dvara hota hai.

khagoliy yantroan ke atirikt any vaijnanik parimapan kriyaoan mean bhi gh diyantr niyantran pranali ka prayog kiya jata hai. oopar ke vivechan se yah spasht ho gaya ho ki gh diyantr niyantran pranaliyoan mean kalik yukti (timing device) ka prayog niyantran phalan utpann karane ke liye kiya jata hai. is pranali ka sadharan drishtaant ghareloo chetavani (alarm) gh diyaan haian, jinamean ghanti bajane ka samay gh diyantr dvara hi niyantrit hota hai. vaijnanik parimapan karyo mean prayojaniy gh diyantr niyantran-vyavastha ke mukhyat: do aang hote haian, ek to kalik yukti aur doosara niyantran prakriyaean ya yuktiyaan. in niyantran pranaliyoan ka vyavaharakshetr samany chetavani gh diyoan se lekar niyantrit kshepyasroan aur kritrim grahoan evan upagrahoan ke prakshepakoan mean ghatanaoan ke jatil kramoan ko niyantrit karane tak, vistrit hai. gh diyantr niyantran pranaliyaan sadharanataya khule pash-niyantran-pranaliyoan par nirbhar hoti haian, kyoanki niyantran kriya is sanbandh mean keval nikay adan (system input) aur vyatit kal par hi nirbhar karati hai.

samanyataya kalik yukti ke roop mean nimnalikhit vyavasthaean vyavahrit hoti haian:-

samay svich

yah poorvaniyojit kshanoan par vidyuth‌sanparko ko sthapit evan bhang karata rahata hai. isaka prayog audyogik pratishthanoan mean, prakash evan ushma-utpadak-pranaliyoan mean tatha taanka patroan, choolhoan tatha any upakaranoan ko, unake karyaranm karane ke poorv, garam karane ke liye kiya jata hai. yatayat pranaliyoan mean bhi isaka prayog hota hai.

samay-vilamb-rile

is vidhi mean samay-vilamb yukti ko oorjayukt ya oorjavihin karane tatha bharavahi vidyuth‌ sanparko ke tadottar kramanyan ke bich poorvaniyojit samayavilamban, athava samayapashchata (time lag), pradan karane ki vyavastha hoti hai. is vidhi ka prayog ilektr aaunik pranaliyoan mean plet voltej ke aropan mean vilamb karane ke nimitt kiya jata hai, taki vah hitar-voltej ke aropan ke pashchath‌ hi aropit hoe sake. isase nirvat nalikaoan ki ayu mean vriddhi hoti hai.

aantaral samayaankak

is pranali ka kary poorvanishchit samayavadhi mean vidyutasanparkoan ke kulak sakriy karana hota hai aur ukt avadhi ke aant mean ve un saparko ko unaki samany sthiti mean vapas le ate haian. is vidhi ka kary bahut kuchh samay-vilamb-rile ke saman hi hota hai. aantar itana matr hota hai ki is vidhi se samayaantaral ka niyantran adhik yatharthata se hota hai, aur isase prapt samayaantaral adhik dirgh rahata hai. is vidhi ka vyavahar photographik punarutpadan prakriyaoan tatha sthal-sandhan-parichalan mean kalavadhi ke liye tatha any tatsadrish karyoan mean kiya jata hai.

samay-chakr-niyantrak

yah vidhi poorvanishchit samayaantaraloan se sanparkoan ke kulak ka is prakar kriyanvayan karati hai ki ukt aantaral mean sanbaddh prastavit ghatanaoan ki shrriankhala abhisht kram mean hi ghatit ho.

kalanirdharan niyantrak

is niyantrak pranali ka prayog kisi prakriya mean char tatvoan (variable factors), yatha dab, tap ityadi ke manoan ko poorvanirdharit samayakram ke anusar samanyojit karane ke hetu kiya jata hai. is niyantrak ka prayog tapanushilan bhrashtoan mean kiya jata hai, jahaan bhrashtoan ke tap mean samay ke sath parivartan atyant satarkatapoorvak niyojit karyakram ke anusar vaanchhit hota hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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