घड़ी उद्योग
gh di udyog ki vikasaparanpara ko tin bhagoan mean vibhakt kiya ja sakata hai:-
- praranbhik kal[1]
jisamean vibhinn anveshakoan ne gh di nirman ki nee nee vidhiyaan batalaee aur apane apane tarike se gh di ke praranbhik roopoan ke nirman karane ka prayatn kiya. kuchh aranbhik gh diyaan keval sianddhatoan ke parikshan ke uddeshy se banaee gee thian; vyaparik paimane par unaka nirman nahian ho sakata tha. aise prayasoan ka vishesh jor yoorop mean hi tha.
- madhyakal (sanh 1800 se 1900 tak)
mean gh di nirman udyog praranbh ho gaya tha. gh di ke vibhinn purje hath se alag alag banae jate the aur unhean yantrashala (phaiktari) mean lakar yathasthan jo d sanvarakar gh di banaee jati thi.
- 20vian shatabdi
mean gh diyoan ka nirman poornataya yaantrik vidhiyoan se vyaparik paimane par hone laga aur yoorop tatha amarika mean gh di nirman udyog ki ganana pramukh udyogoan mean hone lagi. is avadhi mean vidyuth gh diyaan, dab-vidyuth-gh diyaan (piezzo-electric clocks) ityadi anek ne prakar ki gh diyoan ka avishkar hua aur ab gh di ka sarvadhik unnat roop, paramanviy gh di, bhi parikalpit ho chuka hai.
yoorop mean gh di udyog
yoorop mean gh di nirman ke keandr pahale[2] gret briten aur phraans the. bad mean jarmani se kam moolyavali gh diyoan ke ayat ke karan in deshoan ke gh di udyog ko dhakka laga. dvitiy vishvayuddh ke dauran mean briten ki sarakar ne vahaan ke mritapray gh di udyog ko punarjivit kiya. anek ne gh di nirman pratishthan sthapit kie ge aur b de paimane par nirman kary praranbh karaya gaya. usi samay sanyukt rajy amarika, mean avishkrit vidyuth gh diyoan ka prachalan badhane laga. briten ne is or bhi apana hath badhaya aur kuchh hi samay mean vidyuth ghadiyoan ke nirman mean apana sthan anyatam bana liya. sanprati landan, kaveantri, livarapool, mainachestar, baramiangham, prestan, glasago aur dandi gh di nirman evan vyapar ke pramukh keandr haian. briten ke atirikt svitzaralaiand, phraans aur jarmani vishv mean gh di udyog ke pramukh keandr haian. gh di ke purjoan ke nirman mean svitzaralaiand ka sthan vishv mean sarvapratham hai aur yahaan ki bani gh diyaan sarvashreshth mani jati haian. yahaan se sansar ke pray: sabhi gh di udyog keandroan mean purjoan ka niryat hota hai.
amerika mean gh di udyog
sanyukt rajy amarika mean gh di udyog ka janm kanektikat ke el teri (El Terry, sanh 1772-1852) dvara hua. vah lak di ki gh diyaan banakar asapas ke kisanoan ke hath becha karata tha. yaantrik vidhiyoan se gh di ka nirman sarvapratham usi ne praranbh kiya tha. usaka sahayak seth th aaumas (Seth Thomas) doosara gh di udyogapati hua. lagabhag usi samay ch aaunsi jerom (Chauncey Jerome) ne gh di ke vibhinn avayavoan ke nirman mean lak di ke badale pital ka prayog karana aranbh kiya. usaki gh diyaan adhik tikaoo hone ke karan shighr hi lokapriy ho geean. is saphalata se prerit hokar, jerom ne ee. di. brayant (E.D. Bryant) tatha ainsoniya bras aiand k aaupar kanpani ke sahayog se gh di nirman ke nimitt pratham vyaparik sansthan, ainsoniya kl aauk kanpani, ki sthapana ki.
gh di udyog ka tisara mahatvapoorn yug iangarasol ki kraanti (sanh 1892) se praranbh hua ab sarvasadharan ke upayog ke liye tatha usaki krayashakti ke anukool gh diyoan ka bahut b de paimane par nirman hone laga. usake bad to vidyuth evan dab vidyuth gh diyoan ka avishkar ho jane se gh di udyog mean kraanti ka avirbhav hua. idhar sanyukt rajy amarika, ke naishanal byooro aauv staiandadsan ne paramanviy gh diyoan ke nirman ki bhi soochana di hai, jisake shighr hi praranbh hone ki asha hai. amarika mean pramukh gh di udyog keandr kanektikat (bristal, nyoohaiven aur plaimauth), maisaichusets (bostan) tatha ilin aauyan (pritoriya) haian.
bharat mean gh di udyog
bharat mean gh di udyog ki or ab dhyan diya jane laga hai aur hal mean poona tatha bangalor mean gh di ke karakhane sthapit hue haian, kiantu abhi utpadan ki gati atyant mand hai. adhikaansh purje amarika, briten athava svitjaralaiand se mangane p date haian. is karan inaka nirmanavyay adhik p d jata hai. is drishti se is udyog ka sanprati shaishav hai, kiantu bharat sarakar ise unnat banane ke liye sachesht hai.[3]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ eesa ki 10vian shatabdi se lekar 18vian shatabdi ke bich tak ka kal
- ↑ 17vian aur 18vian shatabdi mean
- ↑ gh di udyog (hiandi) bharatakhoj. abhigaman tithi: 19 aktoobar, 2014.
sanbandhit lekh