घाघ
ghagh ka hindi ke lok kaviyoan mean mahattvapoorn sthan hai. krishi sambandhi kahavatoan ke lie ghagh bahut prasiddh rahe haian. ye akabar ke shasanakal mean the. aisa mana jata hai ki ghagh ka janm kannauj (uttar pradesh) ke pas 'chaudhari saray' namak ek gaanv mean hua tha. ghagh uttar bharat mean kisanoan ke bich krishi sambandhi kahavatoan ke lie kafi prasiddh the. inaka janm ek doobe brahman parivar mean hua tha. ghagh ki likhi koee bhi pustak abhi tak prapt nahian huee hai. bharat mean krishi, pashu-dhan, varsha adi ke sambandh mean inaki kahavatean atyadhaki prachalit haian. sangrahakartaoan ne inaki kahavatoan ko sankalit kiya hai. in kahavatoan se ghagh ke vyavaharik jnan ki gaharaee ka pata chalata hai.[1]
jivan parichay
madhyakalin any kaviyoan ki bhaanti ghagh ka jivanavritt bhi ajnat hai. vibhinn vidvanoan ne unhean apane-apane kshetr ka nivasi siddh karane ki cheshta hai. hindi sahity ke itihas granthoan mean ghagh ke sambandh mean sarvapratham ‘shivasianh saroj’ mean ullekh milata hai. isamean “kanyakubj aantarved vale” kavi ke roop mean unaki charcha hai. achary ramachandr shukl ne ghagh ka keval namollekh kiya hai. ‘hindi shabd sagar’ ke anusar “ghagh goande ke rahane vale ek b de chatur aur anubhavi vyakti ka nam hai jisaki kahi huee bahut si kahavatean uttari bharat mean prasiddh haian. kheti-bari, rritu-kal tatha lagn-muhoort adi ke sambandh mean inaki vilakshan uktiyaan kisan tatha sadharan log bahut kahate haian.” shriyut pir muhammad yoonis ne ghagh ki kahavatoan ki bhasha ke adhar par unhean champaran (bihar) aur muzaffarapur zile ki uttari sima par sthit aureyagadh athava bairaganiya athava ku dava chainapur ke samip ke kisi gaanv mean utpann mana hai. ray bahadur mukund lal gupt ‘visharad’ ne ‘krishi ratnavali’ mean unhean kanapur zila antargat kisi gram ka nivasi thaharaya hai. durga shankar prasad sianh ne ghagh ka janm chhapara mean mana hai. pan. ram naresh tripathi ne ‘kavita kaumudi’ bhag ek aur ‘ghagh aur ghagh aur bhaddari’ namak pustak mean unhean kannauj ka nivasi mana hai. ghagh ki adhikaansh kahavatoan ki bhasha bhojapuri hai. d aau. j aaurj griyarsan ne bhi ‘pijent laiph aph bihar’ mean ghagh ki kavitaoan ka bhojapuri path prastut kiya hai. is adhar par is dharana ko bal milata hai ki ghagh ka janm sthan bihar ka chhapara tha. vahaan se ye kannauj gaye. is sambandh mean janashruti milati hai ki ghagh ki unaki patohoo (putravadhoo) se anaban rahati thi. ghagh jo uktiyaan kahate the log unhean unaki patohoo ke pas pahuancha dete the aur vah usake viparit kahavat kahati thi jise log ghagh ke pas late the. kaha jata hai ki apani patohoo se khinn hokar ve chhapara chho dakar kannauj chale gaye. kintu yah mat adhik vishvasaniy nahian pratit hota kyoanki aisi samany bat par koee apana janm sthan chho dakar anyatr kyoan jayega? kaha jata hai ki kannauj mean ghagh ki sasural thi. aisa anuman hai ki ghagh jivikoparjan ke lie chhapara chho dakar apani sasural kannauj gaye hoange aur vahian bas gaye hoange. ritikalin kavi bihari lal se sambandhit bhi aisi ghatana hai. ve apana janm sthan gvaliyar chho dakar apani sasural mathura mean rahane lage the.[2]
janm kal
ghagh ka janmakal bhi nirvivad nahian hai. shivasianh seangar ne unaki sthiti sanvat 1753 vikrami ke uparant mana hai. isi adhar par mishr bandhuoan ne unaka janm sanvat 1753 vikrami aur kavita kal sanvat 1780 vikrami mana hai. ‘bharatiy charitambudhi’ mean inaka janm sanh 1696 ee. bataya jata hai. pan. ram naresh tripathi ne ghagh ka janm vikram sanvat 1753 mana hai. yahi mat aj sarvadhik many hai. ghagh ke nam ke vishay mean bhi nishchit roop se kuchh jnat nahian hai. ghagh unaka mool nam tha ya upanam tha isaka pata nahian chalata hai. uttar pradesh ke poorvi kshetr-bihar, bangal evan asam pradesh mean dak namak kavi ki krishi sambandhi kahavatean milati haian jinake adhar par vidvanoan ka anuman hai ki dak aur ghagh ek hi the. ghagh ki jati ke vishay mean bhi vidvanoan mean matabhed hai. katipay vidvanoan ne inhean ‘gvala’ mana hai. kintu ramanaresh tripathi ne apani khoj ke adhar par inhean brahman (devakali dube) mana hai. unake anusar ghagh kannauj ke chaudhari saray ke nivasi the. kaha jata hai ki ghagh humayooan ke darabar mean bhi gaye the. humayooan ke bad unaka sambandh akabar se bhi raha. akabar gunajn tha aur vibhinn kshetroan ke labdhapratishthi vidvanoan ka samman karata tha. ghagh ki pratibha se akabar bhi prabhavit hua tha aur upahar svaroop usane unhean prachur dhanarashi aur kannauj ke pas ki bhoomi di thi, jis par unhoanne gaanv basaya tha jisaka nam rakha ‘akabarabad saray ghagh’. sarakari kagajoan mean aj bhi us gaanv ka nam ‘saray ghagh’ hai. yah kannauj steshan se lagabhag ek mil pashchim mean hai. akabar ne ghagh ko ‘chaudhari’ ki bhi upadhi di thi. isilie ghagh ke kutumbi abhi tak apane ko chaudhari kahate haian. ‘saray ghagh’ ka doosara nam ‘chaudhari saray’ bhi hai.5 ghagh ki patni ka nam kisi bhi srot se jnat nahian hai kintu inake do putr-markandey dube aur dhiradhar dube hue. in donoan putroan ke khanadan mean dube logoan ke bis pachchis ghar ab usi basti mean haian. markandey ke khanadan mean bachchoolal dube, vishnu svaroop dube tatha dhiradhar dube ke khanadan mean ramacharan dube aur krishna dube vartaman haian. ye log ghagh ki satavian-athavian pidhi mean apane ko batate haian. ye log kabhi dan nahian lete haian. inaka kathan hai ki ghagh apane dharmik vishvasoan ke b de kattar the aur isi karan unako aant mean mugal darabar se hatana p da tha tatha unaki zaminadari ka adhikaansh bhag jabt ho gaya tha.[2]
prachalit kivadantiyaan
prachin mahapurushoan ki bhaanti ghagh ke sambandh mean bhi anek kianvadantiyaan prachalit haian. kaha jata hai ki ghagh bachapan se hi ‘krishi vishayak’ samasyaoan ke nidan mean daksh the. chhoti umr mean hi unaki prasiddhi itani badh gayi thi ki door-door se log apani kheti sambandhi samasyaoan ko lekar unaka samadhan nikalane ke lie ghagh ke pas aya karate the. kianvadanti hai ki ek vyakti jisake pas krishi kary ke lie paryapt bhoomi thi kintu usamean upaj itani kam hoti thi ki usaka parivar bhojan ke lie doosaroan par nirbhar rahata tha, ghagh ki gunajnata ko sunakar vah unake pas aya. us samay ghagh hamumr ke bachchoan ke sath khel rahe the. jab us vyakti ne apani samasya sunaee to ghagh sahaj hi bol uthe-
adha khet bataiya deke, ooanchi dih kiari.
jo tor lika bhookhe marihean, ghaghave dih gari..
kaha jata hai ki ghagh ke kathananusar kary karane par vah kisan dhan-dhany se poorn ho gaya. ghagh ke sambandh mean janashruti hai ki unaki apani putravadhoo se nahian patati thi. kuchh vidvanoan ka anuman hai ki isi karan ghagh apana mool nivas chhapara chho dakar kannauj chale gaye the. ghagh jo kahavatean kahate the unaki putravadhoo usake viparit doosari kahavat banakar kahati thi. pan. ram naresh tripathi ne ghagh aur unaki putravadhoo ki is prakar noankajhoank se sambandhit katipay kahavatean prastut ki haian-
ghagh-
muye cham se cham katavai, bhuian sankari maan sovai.
ghagh kahaian ye tinoan bhakuva udhari jaian pai rovai..
putr vadhoo-
dam dei ke cham katavai, niand lagi jab sovai.
kam ke mare udhari gee jab samujhi ai tab rovai..
ghagh-
taroon tiya hoi aangane sovai ran mean chadhi ke chhatri rovai.
saanjhe satuva karai biyari ghagh marai unakar mahatari..
putravadhoo-
pativrata hoi aangane sovai bina ann ke chhatri rovai.
bhookh lagi jab karai biyari marai ghagh hi kai mahatari..
ghagh-
bin gaune sasurari jay bina magh ghiu khianchari khay.
bin varsha ke pahanai puva ghagh kahaian ye tinoan kuva..
putravadhoo-
kam pare sasurari jay man chahe ghiu khianchari khay.
karai jog to pahirai puva kahai patohoo ghaghai kuva.. [2]
|
|
|
|
|
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ pustak=bharatiy sanskriti kosh, bhag-2 | prakashak=yoonivarsiti pablikeshan, nee dilli-110002 | sanpadan=profesar devendr mishr |prishth sankhya=260
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 ghagh aur bhaddari (hindi) iandiya vatar portal (hindi). abhigaman tithi: 18 aprॅl, 2015.
bahari k diyaan
- krishi mausam visheshajn the ghagh aur bhaddari
- ghagh v bhaddari ki "krishi v mausam sanbandhi kahavate"
- aj bhi prachalit haian mausam ki kahavatean
- ghagh v bhaddari ki kahavatean!!!
sanbandhit lekh