बाबर
babar
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| poora nam | zahir ud-din muhammad babar |
| any nam | mugal shah, al-sultanu i azam va i hakam, padashah-e-gazi |
| janm | 14 faravari, sanh 1483 ee. |
| janm bhoomi | andina (faragana rajy ki rajadhani) |
| mrityu tithi | 26 disambar, sanh 1530 ee. |
| mrityu sthan | agara |
| pita/mata | umar shekh mirza, qutaluganigar khanam (yoonus ki putri) |
| santan | putr- humayooan, kamaran, askari, hindal, putri- gulabadan begam |
| upadhi | gazi (khanava ke yuddh mean vijay ke bad) |
| shasan kal | san 1526 se 1530 ee. |
| sha. avadhi | 4 varsh |
| rajyabhishek | 8 joon, sanh 494 ee. [1] |
| yuddh | panipat ka pratham yuddh[2], khanava ka yuddh[3], chanderi ka yuddh[4], ghaghara ka yuddh[5] |
| nirman | qabuli bag masjid,[6], jami masjid [7], agara ki masjid [8], noor afagan[9], babari masjid [10] |
| uttaradhikari | humayooan |
| rajagharana | chagataee vansh |
| vansh | taimoor [11] aur changez khaan ka vansh [12] |
| maqabara | qabul |
| bharat par akraman | bajaur evan bhira akraman 1518 se 1519 ee., peshavar akraman 1519 ee., syalakot, bhira akraman 1520 ee., sultanapur, lahaur, dipalapur akraman 1524 ee. |
| rachanaaian | babaranama ya tuzuq-e-babari, divan [13], risal-e-usaj [14], mubiyan [15] |
zahir ud-din muhammad babar (aangrezi: Babur, janm- 14 faravari, 1483 ee., faragana; mrityu- 26 disambar, 1530 ee., agara) jo ki bharatiy itihas mean babar ke nam se prasiddh hai, mugal shasak tha. vah bharat mean mugal vansh ka sansthapak tha. babar taimoor lang ke parapota tha aur vishvas rakhata tha ki changez khan usake vansh ka poorvaj tha. 1526 ee. mean panipat ke pratham yuddh mean dilli saltanat ke aantim vansh (lodi vansh) ke sultan ibrahim lodi ki parajay ke sath hi bharat mean mugal vansh ki sthapana ho gee thi. is vansh ka sansthapak zahir ud-din muhammad babar tha. babar ka pita umar shekh mirza, faragana ka shasak tha, jisaki mrityu ke bad babar rajy ka vastavik adhikari bana. parivarik kathinaeeyoan ke karan vah madhy eshiya ke apane paitrik rajy par shasan nahian kar saka. usane keval 22 varsh ki ayu mean qabul par adhikar kar afaganistan mean rajy qayam kiya tha. vah 22 varsh tak qabul ka shasak raha. us kal mean usane apane poorvajoan ke rajy ko vapis pane ki kee bar koshish ki, par saphal nahian ho saka.
janm evan abhishek
14 faravari, 1483 ee. ko faragana mean 'zahiruddin muhammad babar' ka janm hua. babar apane pita ki or se taimoor ka paanchava evan mata ki or se changez khaan (mangol neta) ka chaudahavaan vanshaj tha. usaka parivar turki jati ke 'chagataee vansh' ke antargat ata tha. babar apane pita 'umar shekh mirza' ki mrityu ke bad 11 varsh ki ayu mean shasak bana. usane apana rajyabhishek apani dadi ‘aisan daulat begam’ ke sahayog se karavaya. babar ne apane faragana ke shasan kal mean 1501 ee. mean samarakand par adhikar kiya, jo matr ath mahine tak hi usake qabze mean raha. 1504 ee. mean qabul vijay ke uparaant babar ne apane poorvajoan dvara dharan ki gee upadhi ‘mirza’ ka tyag kar nee upadhi ‘padashah’ dharan ki.
babar ki bharat vijay
babar ka bharat ke virudv kiya gaya pratham abhiyan 1519 ee. mean 'yusoophajaee' jati ke viruddh tha. is abhiyan mean babar ne ‘bajaur’ aur ‘bhera’ ko apane adhikar mean kiya. yah babar ka pratham bharatiy abhiyan tha, jisamean usane topakhane ka prayog kiya tha. 1519 ee. ke apane doosare abhiyan mean babar ne ‘bajaur’ aur ‘bhera’ ko punah jita sath hi ‘syalakot’ evan ‘saiyyadapur’ ko bhi apane adhikar mean kar liya. 1524 ee. ke chauthe abhiyan ke antargat ibrahim lodi evan daulat khaan lodi ke madhy matabhed ho jane ke karan daulat khaan, jo us samay lahaur ka gavarnar tha, ne putr dilavar khaan evan alam khaan (bahalol khaan ka putr) ko babar ko bharat par akraman karane ke lie amantrit karane ke lie bheja. sambhavatah isi samay rana saanga ne bhi babar ko bharat par akraman karane ke lie nimatrann bheja tha.
babar ko bharat amantran ke karan
babar ko bharat par akraman ke lie amantrit karane ke pichhe sambhavatah kuchh karan is prakar the-
- daulat khaan panjab mean apana svatantr astitv banaye rakhana chahata tha.
- alam khaan kisi bhi tarah se dilli ke sianhasan par apana adhikar karana chahata tha.
- rana saanga sambhavatah babar ke dvara afaganoan ki shakti ko nasht karava kar svayan dilli ke sianhasan ko prapt karana chahata tha.
[[chitr:Humayun-Babur-Jahangir-Akbar.jpg|thumb|250px|left|humayooan, babar, jahaangir aur akabar]] apane chauthe abhiyan 1524 ee. mean babar ne lahaur evan dipalapur par adhikar kar liya. navambar 1526 ee. mean babar dvara kiye gaye paanchave abhiyan mean, jisamean badakhshaan ki sainik tuk di ke sath babar ka putr humayooan bhi a gaya tha, usane sarvapratham daulat khaan ko samarpan ke lie vivash kiya aur bad mean use bandi bana liya gaya. shighr hi alam khaan ne bhi atsamarpan kar diya. is tarah poora panjab babar ke qabze mean a gaya.
panipat ka pratham yuddh (21 aprail, 1526 ee.)
is samay ibrahim lodi dilli ka sultan tha aur daulat khaan lodi panjab ka rajyapal. daulat khaan lodi, ibrahim lodi se naraz tha. usane dilli saltanat se vidroh kar babar ko apani madad ke liye qabul se bulaya. babar khud bhi bharat par hamala karana chah raha tha. vah daulat khaan lodi ke nimantran par bharat par akraman karane ki taiyari karane laga. us samay turk-afagan bharat par akraman loot se malamal hone ke liye karate rahate the. babar ek bahut b di sena lekar panjab ki or chal diya.
yah yuddh sambhat: babar ki mahatvakaankshi yojanaoan ki abhivyakti thi. yah yuddh dilli ke sultan ibrahim lodi (afagan) evan babar ke madhy l da gaya. 12 aprail, 1526 ee. ko donoan or ki senaean panipat ke maidan mean amane-samane a geean aur yuddh ka arambh 21 aprail ko hua. aisa mana jata hai ki is yuddh ka nirnay dopahar tak hi ho gaya. yuddh mean ibrahim lodi buri tarah se parast hua aur mar diya gaya. babar ne apani kriti ‘babaranama’ mean is yuddh ko jitane mean matr 12000 sainikoan ke upayog kie jane ka ullekh kiya hai. kintu is vishay par itihasakaroan mean bahut matabhed hai. is yuddh mean babar ne pahali bar prasiddh ‘tulagama yuddh niti’ ka prayog kiya. isi yuddh mean babar ne topoan ko sajane mean ‘usmani vidhi’ (roomi vidhi) ka prayog kiya tha. babar ne tulagama yuddh paddhati ujabekoan se grahan ki thi. panipat ke hi yuddh mean babar ne apane prasiddh nishanebaz ‘ustad ali’ aur ‘mustapha’ ki sevaean lian.
is yuddh mean loote ge dhan ko babar ne apane sainik adhikariyoan, naukaroan evan sage sambandhiyoan mean baant diya. sambhavat: is bantavare mean humayooan ko vah kohinoor hira prapt hua, jise gvaliyar naresh ‘raja vikramajit’ se chhina gaya tha. is hire ki qimat ke bare mean yah mana jata hai ki isake mooly dvara poore sansar ka adhe din ka kharch poora kiya ja sakata tha. bharat vijay ke hi upalakshy mean babar ne pratyek qabul nivasi ko ek-ek chaandi ka sikka upahar svaroop pradan kiya tha. apani isi udarata ke karan use ‘kalandar’ ki upadhi di gee thi. panipat vijay ke bad babar ne kaha, ‘kabul ki garibi ab phir hamare lie nahian’. panipat ke yuddh ne bharat ke bhagy ka to nahian, kintu lodi vansh ke bhagy ka nirnay avashy kar diya. afaganoan ki shakti samapt nahian huee, lekin durbal avashy ho gee. yuddh ke pashchath dilli tatha agara par hi nahian, balki dhire-dhire lodi samrajy ke samast bhagoan par bhi babar ne adhikar kar liya.
khanava ka yuddh (17 march, 1527 ee.)
uttari bharat mean dilli ke sultan ke bad sabase adhik shaktishali shasak chittau d ka rajapoot naresh rana saanga (sangram sianh) tha. usane do musalamanoan, ibrahim lodi aur babar ke yuddh mean tatasthata ki niti apanayi. vah sochata tha ki babar loot-marakar vapis chala jayega, tab lodi shasan ko hata dilli mean hindoo rajy ka use suyog prapt hoga. jab usane dekha ki babar mugal rajy ki sthapana ka ayojan kar raha hai, tab vah usase yuddh karane ke lie taiyar hua. rana saanga vir aur kushal senani tha. vah anek yuddh kar chuka tha, use sadaiv vijay prapt huee thi. udhar babar ne bhi samajh liya tha ki rana saanga ke rahate hue bharat mean mugal rajy ki sthapana karana sambhav nahian haian; at: usane bhi apani sena ke sath rana se yuddh karane ka nishchay kiya. [[chitr:Babur-Celebrates-The-Birth-Of-Humayun.jpg|thumb|250px|kabul ke chahar bag mean humayooan ke janm ka utsav manata babar]] 17 march, 1527 ee. mean khanava ka yuddh babar aur rana saanga ke bich l da gaya. is yuddh ke karanoan ke vishay mean itihasakaroan ke anek mat haian. pahala, chooanki panipat ke yuddh ke poorv babar evan rana saanga mean hue samajhautean ke tahat ibrahim lodi ke khilaf saanga ko babar ke sainy abhiyan mean sahayata karani thi, jisase rana saanga bad mean mukar gaya. doosara, saanga babar ko dilli ka badashah nahian manata tha. in donoan karanoan se alag kuchh itihasakaroan ka manana hai ki, yah yuddh babar evan rana saanga ki mahatvakaankshi yojanaoan ka parinam tha. babar sampoorn bharat ko rauandana chahata tha tatha rana saanga turk-afagan rajy ke khandaharoan ke avashesh par ek hindoo rajy ki sthapana karana chahata tha, parinamasvaroop donoan senaoan ke madhy 17 march, 1527 ee. ko yuddh arambh hua. is yuddh mean rana saanga ka sath marava d, ambar, gvaliyar, ajamer, hasan khaan mevati, basin chanderi evan ibrahim lodi ka bhaee mahamood lodi de rahe the.
is yuddh mean rana saanga ke sanyukt morche ki khabar se babar ke sainikoan ka manobal girane laga. babar ne apane sainikoan ke utsah ko badhane ke lie sharab pine aur bechane par pratibandh ki ghoshana kar sharab ke sabhi patroan ko tu dava kar sharab n pine ki kasam li, usane musalamanoan se ‘tamaga kar’ n lene ki ghoshana ki. tamaga ek prakar ka vyaparik kar tha, jise rajy dvar lagaya jata tha. is tarah khanava ke yuddh mean bhi panipat yuddh ki rananiti ka upayog karate hue babar ne rana saanga ke viruddh ek saphal yuddh ki rananiti tay ki.
babar ki vijay
rajasthan ke aitihasik kavy 'vir vinod' mean saanga aur babar ke is yuddh ka vistarapoorvak varnan kiya gaya hai ki, babar bis hazar mugal sainikoan ko lekar saanga se yuddh karane aya tha. usane saanga ki sena ke lodi senapati ko pralobhan diya, jisase vah saanga ko dhokha dekar sena sahit babar se ja mila. babar aur saanga ki pahali muthabhe d bayana mean aur doosari usake pas khanava namak sthan par huee thi. rajapootoan ne viratapoorvak yuddh kiya. aant mean saanga ki har huee aur babar ki vijay. is vijay karan babar ke sainikoan ki virata nahian, balki unaka adhunik topakhana tha. rajapootoan se yuddh karate hue turkoan ke pair ukh d gaye, jisase rajapootoan ki vijay aur turkoan ki parajay dikhaee dene lagi, kiantu jab babar ke topakhane ne ag barasayi, tab saanga ki jiti bazi har mean badal gee. phir bhi saanga aur usake vir marate dam tak l date rahe. babar ne rajapootoan ke bare mean likha hai,− 've marana−marana to janate hai; kiantu yuddh karana nahian janate.' saanga aur babar ka yah nirnayak yuddh fatehapur sikari ke pas khanava namak sthan mean 16 aprail, sanh 1527 mean hua tha. is tarah us samay ke brajamandal mean jayachandr ke bad rana saanga ki bhi har huee. [[chitr:Timur-Babur-And-Humayun.jpg|thumb|250px|left|taimoor, babar aur humayooan]] is yuddh mean rana saanga ghayal hua, par kisi tarah apane sahayogiyoan dvara bacha liya gaya. kalantar mean apane kisi samant dvara zahar diye jane ke karan rana saanga ki mrityu ho gee. khanava ke yuddh ko jitane ke bad babar ne ‘gazi’ ki upadhi dharan ki.
babar ke jivan mean sthirata
khanava ke yuddh ke uparant babar ke ghumakk d evan asthir jivan mean sthirata aee. 29 janavari, 1528 ee. ko babar ne ‘chanderi ke yuddh’ mean vahaan ke soobedar 'medini ray' ko parast kiya. chanderi yuddh ke bad babar ne rajapootana ke kate huye siroan ki minar banavaee tatha jihad ka nara diya. medini ray ki do putriyoan ka vivah 'kamaran' evan 'humayooan' se kar diya gaya. 6 mee, 1529 ee. ko babar ne ‘ghaghara ke yuddh’ mean bangal evan bihar ki sanyukt sena ko parast kiya. ghaghara yuddh jal evan thal par l da gaya. parinamasvaroop babar ka samrajy aauksas se ghaghara evan himalay se gvaliyar tak pahuanch gaya. ghaghara yuddh ke bad babar ne bangal ke shasak nusarat shah se sandhi kar usake samrajy ki sanprabhuta ko svikar kiya. nusarat shah ne babar ko ashvasan diya ki vah babar ke shatruoan ko apane samrajy mean sharan nahian dega.
mugal rajy ki sthapana
ibrahim lodi aur rana saanga ki har ke bad babar ne bharat mean mugal rajy ki sthapana ki aur agara ko apani rajadhani banaya. usase pahale sultanoan ki rajadhani dilli thi; kiantu babar ne use rajadhani nahian banaya, kyoanki vahaan pathan the, jo turkoan ki shasan−satta pansad nahian karate the. prashasan aur raksha donoan nazariyoan se babar ko dilli ke muqabale agara sahi laga. mugal rajy ki rajadhani agara hone se shuroo se hi braj se ghanisht sanbandh raha. madhy eshiya mean shasakoan ka sabase b da pad 'khan' tha, jo mangol vanshiyoan ko hi diya jata tha. doosare b de shasak 'amir' kahalate the. babar ka poorvaj taimoor bhi 'amir' hi kahalata tha. bharat mean dilli ke muslim shasak 'sultan' kahalate the. babar ne apana pad 'badashah' ghoshit kiya tha. babar ke bad sabhi mugal samrat 'badashah' kahalaye gaye.
mrityu
babar keval 4 varsh tak bharat par rajy kar saka. lagabhag 48 varsh ki ayu mean 26 disambar, 1530 ee. ko babar ki agara mean mrityu ho gee. prarambh mean usake shav ko agara ke 'aram bag' mean rakha gaya, par aantim roop se babar ki aantim ichchhanusar usaka shav qabul le jakar dafanaya gaya, jahaan usaka maqabara bana hua hai. usake bad usaka jyeshth putr humayooan mugal badashah bana. thumb|250px|bag-e-babar
babar ki upalabdhiyaan
sambhavatah babar kushanoan ke bad aisa pahala shasak tha, jisane kabul evan kandhar ko apane poorn niyantran mean rakha. usane bharat mean afagan evan rajapoot shakti ko samapt kar ‘mugal samrajy’ ki sthapana ki, jo lagabhag paune do sau varshoan tak jivit raha. babar ne bharat par akraman kar ek nee yuddh niti ka prachalan kiya. babar ne s dakoan ki map ke lie 'gaz-e-babari' ka prayog ka shubharambh kiya.
vidvanh vyakti
babar yogy shasak hone ke sath hi turki bhasha ka vidvanh bhi tha. usane turki bhasha mean apani atmakatha ‘babaranama’ ki rachana ki, jisaka farasi bhasha mean anuvad bad mean abdul rahim khanakhana ne kiya. liden evan arsakin ne 1826 ee. mean 'babaranama' ka aangrezi bhasha mean anuvad kiya. bevarij ne isaka ek sanshodhit aangrezi sanskaran nikala. isake atirikt babar ko ‘mubiyan’ namak pady shaili ka janmadata bhi mana jata hai. isake atirikt babar ne 'khat-e-babari' namak ek lipi ka bhi avishkar kiya. babar ne apani atmakatha 'babaranama' mean keval paanch muslim shasakoan- bangal, dilli, malava, gujarat evan bahamani rajyoan tatha do hindoo shasakoan meva d evan vijayanagar ka ullekh kiya hai.
pramukh itihasakaroan ke mat
- smith ne babar ko apane yug ke eshiyaee shasakoan mean sabase adhik pratibhashali evan kisi desh tatha kal ke samratoan mean uchch pad panean yogy bataya.
- rashabruk ne to ek vyakti evan shasak ke roop mean babar ki bhoori-bhoori prashansa ki hai.
- iliyat ne kaha ki, ‘prasann chitt’, vir, mahan, vicharashil tatha nishpaksh vyaktitv ke karan yadi babar ka palan-poshan evan prashikshan ianglaind mean hota to avashy hi vah ‘henari chaturth’ hota.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- REDIRECT saancha:tippanisoochi
- ↑ 11 varsh 4 mahine ki umr mean
- ↑ 1526 ee. mean ibrahim lodi evan babar ke madhy
- ↑ babar v rana saanga 1527 ee. mean
- ↑ 1528 ee. mean babar v medini ray
- ↑ 1529 ee. mean babar v mahamood lodi
- ↑ panipat 1529 ee. mean
- ↑ ruhelakhand
- ↑ sodi qile ke andar
- ↑ agara mean jyamitiy vidhi par adharit ek udyan
- ↑ senapati mir baqi dvara nirmit
- ↑ pitri paksh se taimoor ka paanchavaan vanshaj
- ↑ matri paksh se changez khaan ka chaudahavaan vanshaj
- ↑ gazal aur rubaiyaan sangrah
- ↑ khat-e-babari
- ↑ muslim qanoon ki pustak
sanbandhit lekh