जैन धर्म के सिद्धांत

thumb|jain dharm ka pratik jain dharm ke pramukh siddhant nimnalikhit haian-

nivrittimarg

jain dharm bhi bauddh dharm ke saman nivrittimargi tha. sansar ke samast sukh du:kh moolak haian. manushy ajivan trishnaoan ke pichhe bhagata rahata hai. vastav mean yah manav sharir hi kshanabhangur hai. jain dharm in du:khoan se chhutakara pane hetu trishnaoan ke tyag par bal deta hai. vah manushyoan ko sampatti, sansar, parivar adi sab ka tyag karake bhikshu banakar itastat: paribhraman karane par bal deta hai. any shabdoan mean jain dharm moolat: ek bhikshu dharm hi hai.

eeshvar

jain dharm eeshvar ke astittv ko nahian svikar karata. vah eeshvar ko srishtikarta bhi nahian manata. isaka karan yah hai ki aisa manane se use sansar ke papoan aur kukarmoan ka bhi karta manana p dega.

srishti

jain dharm sansar ko shashvat, nity, anashvar, aur vastavik astittv vala manata hai. padarthoan ka moolat: vinash nahian hota, balki usaka roop parivartit hota hai.

karm

jain dharm manushy ko svayan apana bhagy vidhata manata hai. apane saansarik evan adhyatmik jivan mean manushy apane pratyek karm ke lie uttaradayi hai. usake sare sukh-dukh karm ke karan hi haian. usake karm hi punarjanm ka karan haian. manushy 8 prakar ke karm karata hai-

1. jnanavaraniy
2. darshanavaraniy
3. vedaniy
4. mohaniy
5. ayukarm
6. namakarm
7. gotrakarm
8. antaray karm

mokshaprapti ke lie avashyak hai ki manushy apane poorvajanm ke karmaphal ka nash kare aur is janm mean kisi prakar ka karmaphal sangrahit n kare. yah lakshy ‘triratn’ ke anushilan aur abhyas se prapt hota hai.

triratn

jain dharm ke triratn haian-

1. samyakh shraddha
2. samyakh jnan
3. samyakh acharan

sath mean vishvas samyakh shraddha hai, sadroop ka shankavihin aur vastavik jnan samyakh jnan hai tatha vahy jagath ke vishayoan ke prati sam du:kh-sukh bhav se udasinata hi samyak acharan hai.

jnan

jain dharm ke anusar paanch prakar ke jnan haian-

1. mati, jo ianndriyoan ke dvara prapt hota hai
2. shruti, jo sunakar ya varnan ke dvara prapt hota hai
3. avadhi, jo divy jnan hai
4. man paryay, jo any vyaktiyoan ke man-mastishk ki bat jan lene ka jnan hai
5. kaival, jo poorn jnan hai aur nigranthoan ko prapt hota hai.

syadvad ya anekaantavad ya saptabhangi ka siddhant

jain dharm ke anusar bhinn-bhinn drishtikonoan se dekhe jane ke karan pratyek jnan bhi bhinn-bhinn ho sakata hai. jnan ki yah vibhinnata sat prakar ki ho sakati hai-

1. hai
2. nahian hai
3. hai aur nahian hai
4. kaha nahian ja sakata
5. hai kintu kaha nahian ja sakata
6. nahian hai aur kaha nahian ja sakata
7. hai, nahian hai aur kaha nahian ja sakata.

ise hi jain dharm mean syadvad ya anekaantavad kaha jata hai.

anekatmavad

jain dharm atma mean vishvas karata hai. usake anusar bhinn-bhinn jivoan mean atmaean bhi bhinn-bhinn hoti hai.

nirvan

jain dharm ka param lakshy nirvan prapti hai. jiv ke bhautik aansh ka nash hi nirvan hai. yah aansh tabhi nasht hoga, jab manushy karmaphal se mukt ho jae. arthath sampoorn karmaphal nirodh hi nirvan prapti ka sadhan hai.

kayaklesh

jiv ke bhautik tatv ka daman karane ke lie kayaklesh avashyak hai, jisake lie tapasya, vrat, atmahatya karane ka vidhan hai.

nagnata

23vean tirthankar parshv ne apane anuyayiyoan ko vastr dharan karane ki anumati di thi, parantu mahavir poorn nagnata ke samarthak the.

panchamahavrat

jain dharm mean bhikshu varg ke lie nimnalikhit panchamahavratoan ki vyavastha ki gee hai-

ahiansa mahavrat — janaboojh kar ya anajane mean bhi kisi prakar ki hiansa nahian karani chahie. isake lie aise margoan par chalane, aisa bhojan karane, aise sthan par mal-mootr tyag karane tatha aisi vastuoan ka upayog karane ki bat kahian gee, jisamean kit-patangoan ki mrityu n ho. sath hi sadaiv madhur vani bolane ki bhi bat kahian gee, taki bachasik hiansa nahian ho.

asaty tyag mahavrat — manushy ko sadaiv saty tatha madhur bolana chahie. isake lie bina soche-samajhe nahian bolean, krodh ane par maun rahean, lobh ki bhavana jagrit hone par maun rahean, bhayabhit hone par bhi asaty n bolean tatha hansi-majak mean bhi asaty n bolean.

astey mahavrat — bina anumati kisi bhi doosare vyakti ki koee vastu nahian leni chahie aur n hi isaki ichchha karani chahie.

brahmachary mahavrat — bhikshu ko poorn brahmachary ka palan karana chahie. isake lie kisi nari ko dekhana, bat karana, sansarg ka dhyan karana, nari ki upasthiti vale ghar mean nivas karana varjit hai tatha use sada bhojan karana chahie.

aparigrah mahavrat — bhikshuoan ko kisi prakar ka sangrah nahian karana chahie. sangrah se asakti utpann hoti hai, jo bhikshu ko usake uddeshy se door karata hai.

panch anuvrat

jain dharm grihasthoan ke lie bhi in paanch vratoan ke palan ki bat karata hai, parantu unake lie in vratoan ki kathorata kam kar di gee. ye panch anuvrat haian-

1. ahiansanubrat
2. satyanuvrat
3. asteyanuvrat
4. brahmacharyanuvrat
5. aparigrahanuvrat

atharah pap

jain dharm mean nimn 18 papoan ki kalpana ki gee hai-

• hiansa
• asaty
• chori
• maithun
• parigrah
• krodh
• man
• maya
• lobh
• rag
• dvesh
• kalah
• dosharopan
• chugali
• asanyam mean rati aur sanyam mean arati
• paranianda
• kapatapoorn mithya
• mithyadarshanaroopi shaly

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh