टेनिस

thumb|250px|tenis kort tenis (mool nam- 'l aaun tenis', aangrezi: Tennis or Lawn Tennis) ayatakar kort par khela jane vala khel hai, jisamean do (ekal) ya char (yugal) khila di jali vale raiketoan se ek geand ko maidan ke bich mean lage jal ya net ke oopar se ar-par pheankate haian. isamean uddeshy geand ko is tarah marana hota hai ki pratidvandi geand tak n pahuanch paye ya vah use sahi dhang se na lauta paye. yadi mari gayi geand ka virodhi khila di javab nahian de pata hai to marane vale khila di ko p aauiant milata hai. yah khel purushoan aur mahilaoan donoan mean khela jata hai.

parichay

tenis kort ka map ekal kheloan ke lie 23.77 X 8.23 mitar aur yugal ke lie 23.77 X 10.97 mitar hota hai. madhy mean net ki ooanchaee tin fit hoti hai aur yah donoan taraf kort se tin fit bahar g de sadhe tin fit ooanche khanbhoan par badhaan rahata hai. tenis ko moolat: ghas ke kort ke karan 'l aaun tenis' kaha jata tha, jo abhi bhi prachalan mean hai, lekin sabase am kort samagriyaan mitti , simeant aur kee gaddedar damarikrit sanjat aur kritrim satahean haian. tenis ki geand dabanukoolit rabar krod ki bani hoti hai, jis par uchch gunavatta vala kap da chadha rahata hai aur isaka vyas lagabhag 68 mimi aur vazan 56.7 gram hota hai.

itihas

raiket aur geand ke khel 12vian-13vian sadi ke ek fraansisi khel jyoo d p aaum se nikale haian. 1873 mean mejar v aaultar viangafild ne sferistik namak khel ki khoj ki, jisase adhunik autador tenis vikasit hua. yah khel gret briten mean jaldi hi lokapriy ho gaya aur poore british samrajy mean phail gaya. thumb|250px|left|tenis raiketvianbaldan aaul ianglaid kr aauke klab ne bad mean l aaun tenis sanjna pad jo da aur isane 1877 mean pahali vishv tenis chaianpiyanaship ko prayojit kiya. amerika mean vyavasayik tenis 1927 mean yooes profeshanal l aaun tenis esosieshan ki sthapana ke sath shuroo hua. 1968 mean tenis ke prashasi nikay, aantarrashtriy tenis mahasangh ne tenis ki khuli pratiyogita ko svikriti di, jisane ek hi pratiyogita mean shauqiya khila diyoan ko peshevar khila diyoan ke viruddh ki anumati de di. vartaman mean aantarrashtriy tim pratiyogitaoan mean purushoan ke lie devis kap aur mahilaoan ke lie phedareshan kap ate haian. briten aur amerika ki mahila timoan ke bich kheli jane vali vitamain kap pratiyogita graiand slaim banati haian aur yah graiand slaim gret briten (vianbaldan), amerika, aaustreliya aur phraans ki rashtriy pratiyogitaoan se milakar banata hai. 1896 se 1924 tak tenis ek olianpik khel tha, 1988 mean yah in kheloan mean phir shamil ho gaya.

khila di aur khel upakaran

ye khel siangals aur dabal donoan tarah se khela jata hai. siangal mean net ke donoan taraph ek-ek khila di hote haian aur dabals mean net ke donoan taraph khila diyoan ki sankhya do hoti hai. is khel se sambandhit kuchh mahattvapoorn janakari is prakar hai-

• isamean istemal hone vale raiket mean sianthetik dhage lage hote haian, jahaan se geand ko hit kiya jata hai, jo ek sthayi sthiti mean hota hai. raiket ke jis jagah se geand ko hit kiya jata hai, vah bhag prayah aandakar hota hai.
• istemal hone vale geand prayah rabar ke bane hote hai. jin par ek vishesh tarah ka kap da silaee karake lagaya jata hai. aantarrashtriy tenis phedareshan ke anusar geand ka vyas 65.41 mili mitar se 68.58 milimitar tak aur isaka vajan 56 se 59.4 gram ke bich hona chahie.
• tenis kort 78 phit lamba aur 27 phit chau da hota hai. isamean seantar mark, bes lain sarvis lain, seantar sarvis lain, siangal said lain adi safed rang se khianchi huee hoti hai.
• bes lain aur sarvis lain kort ki chaudaee ko nirupit karate haian. dabal said lain isaki lambaee nirupit karati hai. isake avala seantar sarvis lain net ki kisi bhi said ko do bhagoan mean baantata hai, banti huee jagah chaturbhujakar hoti hai jise sarvis kort kahate haian.

skoriang

is khel mean p aauiants do tarah ke hote haian, jinhean set p aauiant aur maich p aauiant kaha jata hai. pahala maich p aauiant 15 set p aauiant tak, dusara maich p aauiant 30 set p aauiant tak, tisara maich p aauiant 40 set p aauiants tak hota hai. yani yadi kisi khila di ka skor 40 set p aauiant hai, to vah tisare maich p aauiant mean hai. khel jitane ke lie khila di ko apane virodhi khila di se ek nishchit p aauiants ke set jitane hote haian. masalan yadi virodhi khila di 5 maich p aauiant jit chooka hai, to samane vale khila di ko apana skor 7-5 ka karana hoga. yadi ye skor set 6-6 ka ho gaya to satavaan skor banane vala khila di jit jaega.

mahatvapoorn niyam

1. tenis ke shuroo hone se pahale donoan taraph ke khila diyoan ke bich t aaus hota hai. is t aaus se ye tay hota hai ki kaun sa khila di sarvis karega aur kort ke kis taraph se karega. sarvar pratyek p aauiants ko bes lain ke vaikalpik taraph se sarv karata hai.
2. yadi sarvar pahali sarvis dene mean asaphal ho jata hai to use sarv karane ka doosara mauqa milata hai. doosari bar aisa hone se sarv karane vale khila di ko do phaults ka samana karana hota hai aur usase p aauiant jate hai. sarve kar lane par geand yadi sarvis kort mean rah jae to bina kisi pelanti (dand) ke sarv karane ka ek aur mauqa milata hai.
3. risivar apani kort mean geand risiv karane ke lie kahian bhi kh da ho sakata hai. yadi geand ko sarv bauansiang ke bagair mara jata hai, to sarvar ko p aauiant milata hai. sarvis karane ke bad donoan pratinidhi khila diyoan ke madhy anaginat sh aauts ho sakate hai. is bich jo khila di apane virodhi dal ke skoriang bhag mean geand pahuanchane mean asaphal hota hai, to usake virodhi khila di ko usake p aauiants milate haian.
4. maich poants set p aauiants ke ek nishchit aank de ko par karane ke bad milata haian. 15 skor par 1 p aauiant, 30 skor par 2 aur 40 par 3 p aauiants hote haian. ek maich jitane ke lie 4 p aauiants chahie hote hai.
5. yadi kisi gem mean donoan taraph ke khila di ka skor 40-40 ho jata hai, to is paristithi ko ‘dayoos’ kaha jata hai. dayoos hone par jitane ke lie kisi khila di ko lagatar 2 p aauiant banane hote haian. dayoos ke bad yadi koee khila di lagatar do p aauiants nahian jit pata aur donoan ek-ek p aauiant par hote hai, to vah phir se dayoos ki stithi mean chale jate hai.
6. kisi set ko jitane ke lie khila di ko 6 khelean 2 ya 2 se adhik ki badhat ke sath jitani hoti haian. kisi tarah yadi opaniang set ki paristithi 6-6 ki ho jati hai, to ise taee barak kaha jata hai aur khiladiyoan ko satave khel ke lie khelana hota hai. isake bad khila diyoan ko bina kisi taee brek ke khelana hota hai.
7. yadi khel ke dauran koee khila di net ko hath lagata hai ya apane virodhi khila di ko pareshan karata hai, usaka dhyan khel se hatana chahata hai to aisa karane se khila di khud b khud p aauiant harata hai. lain ke andar kisi bhi jagah par geand girane par use b aaul in aur lain ke bahar girane par use b aaul aut kaha jata hai.
8. geand ko kort ke sahi bhag mean n vapis karane par khila di p aauiants harata hai. isake alava geand net par hit karane se, virodhi khila di ke kort mean n panhucha pane ki stithi mean ya apane kort mean geand ke do bar tappa khane se pahale nahian marane par khila di p aauiants harata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh