तार (डाक)

chitr:Disamb2.jpg tar

ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- tar (bahuvikalpi)

tar (dak)
tar|200px|center
vivaran	tar athava teligram dak dvara bheja jane vala ek sandesh (patr) hota hai.
shuruat	11 pharavari, 1855 ko am janata ke lie yah suvidha shuroo huee.
teligraf ekt	aktoobar 1854 mean pahali bar teligraf ekt banaya gaya.
tar seva samapt	teligram seva se lagatar girate rajasv ke bad sarakar ne biesenel bord ko phaisala lene ka adhikar diya aur usane dak vibhag se salah-mashavire ke bad teligram seva ko 15 julaee, 2013 se band karane ka phaisala kiya.
vishesh	1957-58 mean ek sal mean tin karo d das lakh tar bheje ge, aur inamean se 80 hazar tar hiandi mean the.
any janakari	1981-82 tak desh mean 31 hazar 457 taraghar the aur deshi taroan ki bukiang 7 karo d 14 lakh tak pahuanch chuki thi.

tar athava teligram dak dvara bheja jane vala ek sandesh (patr) hota hai. fon se pahale dashakoan tak door tak sandesh bhejane ke do hi jarie the- chitthi aur tar. 15 julaee ko 2013 ko tar ka sistam khatm ho gaya. 5 navanbar 1850 ko jis madhyam ka bharat mean pahali bar prayog hua aur 1855 se jo am jan ka madhyam ban gaya, usaka aant asvabhavik to nahian hai, lekin ye khabar karo doan logoan ko atit ki smritiyoan mean zaroor le gee hai. jaise manav jivan mean kuchh bhi sthayi nahian hai, vaisa hi manav sabhyata mean bhi koee chij hamesha ke lie nahian hai. takanik ke vikas ke sath atit ki takanik ka itihas ban jana svabhavik parighatana hai. dak vibhag ke astitv mean ane se sandeshavahakoan aur kabootaroan ke jarie paigam bhejane ki pratha khatm ho gee. teliphon ne teligram ki ahamiyat mean seandh lagani shuroo ki. mobail ke yug ne purane teliphon ko bhi aprasangik kar diya. esemes, ee-mel, soshal netavarkiang par chaitiang ne duniya ko itana samet diya ki kee din to chho die sanpark ju dane aur javab ane mean kuchh minat bhi lag jaean to sabr tootane lagata hai. to kam se kam chaubis ghante mean pahuanchane vale teligram ka yug jana hi tha. usane svabhavik matyu ka varan kiya hai. lekin usaki shraddhaanjali mean yah zaroor kaha jana chahie usane apane yug mean sanpark aur sanvad ke tivratam madhyam ke roop mean adhunik rashtroan ke nirman mean vishisht bhoomika nibhaee. is tarah manav sabhyata ke itihas mean vah apani khas jagah bana kar gaya hai. smritiyoan se use bedakhal karana asanbhav hai.

itihas

bharatiy dak-tar seva ke itihas par shodh karane vale araviand kumar sianh batate haian, ‘1857 ke vidroh ke vaqt aangrezoan ke teligraf vibhag ki asal pariksha huee, jab vidrohiyoan ne aangrezoan ko jagah-jagah mat deni shuroo kar di thi. aangrezoan ke lie tar aisa sahara tha jisake zarie vo sena ki maujoodagi, vidroh ki khabarean, rasad ki soochanaean aur apani vyooharachana saik doan mil door baithe apane kamaandaroan ke sath sajha kar sakate the.’thumb|left|tar bukiang keandr kuchh itihasakar manate haian ki tar ki vajah se bagavat dabane mean aangrezoan ko kafi madad mili. ek taraf vidrohiyoan ke pas khabarean bhejane ke lie harakare the, doosari taraf aangrejoan ke pas bandooqoan ke alava sabase b da hathiyar tha- tar, jo minatoan mean saik doan mil ki doori tay karata tha. is vajah se aangrezoan ka teligraf vibhag bagiyoan ki hit list mean a gaya. natija yah hua ki dilli, kanapur, lakhanoo, iandaur jaisi jagahoan par bagiyoan ne tar lainean dhvast kar dian aur vahaan kam kar rahe aangrez karmachariyoan ko mar dala. merath samet kee jagahoan par bagiyoan ne tar ke khanbhoan ko jalavan ki tarah istemal kiya. kuchh jagah tar goliyaan banane ke kam ae. loharoan ne khanbhoan ka istemal top banane tak mean kiya. 918 mil lanbi tar ki lainean to d di geean. araviand kumar sianh batate haian, ‘bihar ke sasaram aur ara, ilahabad aur aligadh mean inhean ukha dakar top ki tarah istemal kiya gaya. dilli mean vidrohi tar vibhag ke kam se itane naraz the ki jab unhean kuchh samajh n aya to unhoanne raiphal ke kuandoan se tar mashinean hi to d dalian.' bad mean san 1902 mean in karmiyoan ki yad mean dilli mean teligraf maimoriyal kh da kiya gaya. jis par un karmachariyoan ke nam darj kie ge jinhoanne vidroh ki khabarean tar se bhejate hue jan ganvaee thian. 1857-58 mean tar ki vajah se mili kamayabi ke bad aangrezoan ne poore hiandustan ko tar ke lie zarie jo dane ka faisala kiya. saik doan mil ki nee lainean bichhaee geean. 1885-86 mean dak aur tar vibhag ke daftar ek kar die ge. isake bad 1 janavari 1882 se aantaradeshiy pres teligram shuroo hue jinaka fayada akhabaroan ne uthaya. azadi ke bad 1 janavari 1949 ko nau taragharoan– agara, ilahabad, jabalapur, kanapur, patana aur varanasi adi mean hiandi mean tar seva ki shuruat huee. azadi milane ke bad bharat ne pahali panchavarshiy yojana mean hi sikkim ke khaanbajaang ilake mean duniya ki sabase ooanchi tar lain pahuancha di.

teligraf ki khoj

bharat mean jab 1857 mean pahala svatantrata sangram shuroo hua to merath se chale kraantikari sipahiyoan ke ravana hone ki soochana pahale hi tar ke jarie dilli ke lothiyan rod sthit taraghar pahuanch gee thi. teligram seva shuroo hone par agara eshiya ka sabase bada traanjit daphtar tha. amariki vaijnanik saimual mors ne varsh 1837 mean mors teligraf ka peteant karaya tha. mors tatha unake sahayak alphred vel ne isake bad milakar ek aisi nee bhasha eejad ki jisake jarie tamam sandesh bas dat aur desh ke jarie teligraf mashin par bheje ja sake. mashin par jaldi se hone vali `tak` ki avaz ko d aaut kaha gaya aur isamean vilamb ko desh. tin d aaut se milakar aangreji ka akshar `es` banata hai aur tin desh se `o`. is tarah se sankat mean phanse jahaj sirph d aaut d aaut d aaut, desh desh desh tatha d aaut d aaut d aaut bhejakar madad bula sakate the. jarman vaijnanik varnar von saimans ne ek ne kism ke teligraf ki khoj ki thi jisamean sahi akshar ko chalane ke lie bas mashin ka dayal ghumana hota tha. saimans bandhuoan ne varsh 1870 mean yoorop tatha bharat ko 11 hajar kilomitar lanbi teligraf lain se jo d diya jo char deshoan se hokar gujarati thi. isase bharat se ianglaiand tak mahaj tis minatoan mean sandesh pahuanchana sanbhav ho saka tatha yah seva varsh 1931 mean vayaralas teligraf ke agaman tak kam karati rahi. teligram seva apane samay mean itani satik hoti thi ki morsakod aauparetar banane ke lie ek varsh ki k di treniang se gujarana hota tha jisamean se ath mahine aangreji mors kod tatha char mahine hiandi mors kod ke lie hote the. thumb|left|ek purana tar (teligram) teligram daphtar mean ek chart maujood rahata tha jisapar tamam samany sandeshoan ke lie ek vishesh nanbar likha rahata tha. grahak ko vah nanbar aauparetar ko batana hota tha aur sandesh mahaj kuchh hi samay mean apane gantavy tak pahuanch jata tha. teligram ne sirph samaj, sena tatha sarakar ko hi apana yogadan nahian diya, balki pres jagath bhi phaiks tatha iantaranet ke agaman se pahale tar vibhag ki sahayata par hi nirbhar tha. rayatar sanvad samiti ke janak pal jooliyas rayatar yoorop mean pahale udyami the jinhoanne stak eksacheanj ke aank doan ko mangane ke lie teligraf seva ka istemal karana shuroo kiya tha. bharat mean tamam mahatvapoorn adhiveshanoan tatha baithakoan ke sthal par tar vibhag ki vishesh chauki banaee jati thi jahaan se sanvadadata apane karyalay ko tar ke jarie khabarean bhej sakate the.

bharat mean tar

• 'kalakatta medikal k aaulej' mean profesar rahe shaangunase ko bharat mean tar ka janak kaha jata hai.
• 11 pharavari 1855 ko am janata ke lie yah suvidha shuroo huee. tab ek rupe mean 16 shabdoan ka tar 400 mil ki doori tak bheja ja sakata tha.
• pahali prayogik tar lain 21 mil ki thi jo 1839 mean 'dablyoo. bi. o. shaangunase' aur unake sahayogi 'ef. bi. mors' ki pahal par kalakatta aur dayamand harbar ke bich bichhaee gee thi.
• is lain ko 5 navanbar 1850 mean hi khola ja saka, jab shibachandr nandi ka dayamand harbar se bheja gaya sandesh gavarnar janaral l aaurd dalahauzi ki maujoodagi mean padha gaya.
• 1854 mean kolakata se agara teligraf lain se ju da aur qarib 800 mil ki doori kuchh minatoan mean tay ho gee.
• aktoobar 1854 mean pahali bar teligraf ekt banaya gaya.
• tez gati se tar baantane ka kam karane ke lie 1949-50 mean motarasaikiloan ka istemal shuroo kar diya gaya.
• in sabhi badalavoan ka natija yah hua ki 1957-58 mean ek sal mean tin karo d das lakh tar bheje ge, aur inamean se 80 hazar tar hiandi mean the.
• 1981-82 tak desh mean 31 hazar 457 taraghar the aur deshi taroan ki bukiang 7 karo d 14 lakh tak pahuanch chuki thi.

rel aur tar

• 1849 tak bharat mean ek kilomitar relave lain tak nahian bichhi thi. 1857 ke bad relave lain bichhane par british sarakar ne poori tarah dhyan dena shuroo kiya. isake bad 1853 mean pahali bar banbee (maujooda muanbee) se thane tak pahali tren chali.
• san 1865 ke bad desh mean lanbi dooriyoan ko rel se jo dana shuroo kiya gaya lekin tar usase pahale hi apana kam shuroo kar chuka tha.
• isaka sabase b da fayada aangrezoan ko apana nagarik aur sainy prashasan mazaboot karane mean mila.

tatkal khabarean

bharatiy midiya ke lie tar ek varadan hi tha. bharat mean jab akhabaroan ki shuruat huee to us vaqt desh ke kisi hisse mean hone vali ghatana ki khabarean ek hafte ya 10 din bad tak akhabaroan mean jagah hasil kar paya karati thian. 1882 mean inalaiand pres teligram kraidit kard shuroo hue. inase chhote-b de sabhi akhabaroan ko kafi madad mili. sanvadadata muft mean apani khabarean tar ke zarie bhej sakate the. tar vibhag mean pres ke lie kamare banae ge. isane khabaroan ko logoan tak jald se jald pahuanchane mean yogadan diya. yah kraantikari hathiyar tha. rediyo ko bhi samachar teligram se milate the. tab khabaroan ke prati lalak paida huee. magar isaka ulata asar bhi p da. araviand kumar sianh ne bataya, "tar ki vajah se hi aangrezoan ke khilaf khabarean bhi tezi se akhabaroan ke pannoan par ane lagian. yah bat bhi kahi gee ki ye suvidha band kar di jae. madras kooriyar akhabar par sarakar ne bandishean lagane ki koshish bhi ki, lekin bangal aseanbali ki mitiang mean isaka jamakar virodh hua aur ise dekhate hue inalaiand teligram par rok nahian lagaee ja saki."

teligraf paddhati

teligram ka bhi apana lamba itihas raha hai. varsh 1837 mean mahanh ameriki vaijnanik saimual mors ne mors kord teligraf ki khoj karake duniya mean sanchar kraanti ko naya roop diya tha. 19vian sadi mean jab teliphon ki khoj nahian huee thi us samay sanket ke dvara sandesh ek jagah se doosari jagah tak bheje jate the. saimuel mors ne isaka nirman vaidyut teligraf ke madhyam se sandesh bhejane ke lie kiya tha. 1840 ke dashak mean sandesh bhejane ki is nee paddhati ka nam mors kod teligraf diya. usake bad lanbi doori ki soochanaoan ko preshit karane aur prapt karane ke yantr ko teligraf aur un sandeshoan ko teligram kaha jane laga. is daur mean teligram mors kod ke jarie bheje jate the. mors kod mean vastut: ek laghu sanket tatha doosara dirgh sanket prayog kiya jata hai. mors kod mean kuchh bhi likhane ke lie laghu sanket ke roop mean dat ka prayog tatha dirgh sanket ke lie daish ka prayog kiya jata hai. isake alava mors kod ke laghu aur dirgh sanketoan ke lie any chinh bhi prayukt ho sakate haian jaise- dhvani, pals ya prakash adi. isaka prachalan samay ke sath bhale hi kam hota gaya, par abhi bhi mors kod paddhati ka istemal kee jagah par gupt sandesh bhejane ke lie kiya jata hai. pani ke jahaj par abhi bhi isake jarie sandesh bheje jate haian. asani se pak de nahian jane ke karan guptachar bhi is paddhati ka prayog karate haian. sena ke signal rejimeant mean isaka bahut kam hai. mors kod ka istemal pratham aur dvitiy vishvayuddh mean jamakar kiya gaya. mors kod ke jarie sandesh ko kod ke roop mean badalakar teligraf lain aur samudr ke niche bichhi kebaloan ke dvara ek jagah se doosari jagah bheja jata tha. sandesh pahuanchane ke bad ise dikod karake logoan tak bheja jata tha.

british kal se aj tak

thumb|teligram mashin bharat mean british kal ke dauran 1851 mean kolakata aur dayamand harbar ke bich pahali teligraf seva shuroo huee. varsh 1854 mean briten sarakar ne bharat ke lie pahala teligrafi ekt pas kiya. usi sal vyavasthit tarike se desh mean dak vibhag ki sthapana huee. usake adhin desh bhar ke 700 post aauphis the. teligraf vibhag ko bhi dak vibhag ke sath sanbaddh kar diya gaya aur usaka nam post aur teligraf vibhag ho gaya. aj bhi adhikatar log dak vibhag ko dak-tar vibhag ke nam se hi janate haian. varsh 1855 mean bharat mean sarvajanik teligram sevaean shuroo huee. 400 mil tak pratyek 16 shabd (pata sahit) par ek rupaye ka charj liya jata tha. sham chhah se lekar subah chhah baje tak teligram ke lie doguna charj liya jata tha. itihas ne tamam aitihasik teligramoan ko surakshit rakha hua hai. isi mean 23 joon, 1870 ko porthakurno (ianglaiand) se baanbe bheje ge pahale teligram ko kaanplimeantari teligram nam diya gaya tha. yah teligram landan mean baithe prabandh nideshak ne baanbe (ab muanbee) ke prabandhak ko bheja tha. isaka javab paanch minat mean prapt ho gaya tha. isake bad baanbe ke gavarnar ko bhi sandesh bheje ge the. ek sandesh shimala sthit vaisaray ko unaki patni ne bheja tha. yah us jamane mean takanik ka bejo d kam tha. khasakar tab jab do deshoan ke bich sandesh pahuanchane mean mahinoan lag jate the. pahala sandesh prabandh nideshak eandarasan ne prabandhak stesi ko bheja tha - hau ar yoo aaul.  isaka javab mila- al vel. landan se 506 kilomitar dakshin pashchim mean atalaantik tat par sthit k aaurnaval mean yah porthakurno ghati hai. isi jagah se teligram paddhati ki shuruat bhi mani jati hai. yahaan se briten aur isake poorv upanivesh apas mean batachit karate the.

teligraf seva samapt

nabbe ke dashak ki shuruat se tar ka akarshan kam hona shuroo hua aur nabbe ka dashak bitane ke bad mobail-iantaranet ki tej gati ne ise hashiye par dal diya. 1984 mean post aur teligraf vibhag do bhagoan mean vibhajit hokar dak vibhag aur doorasanchar vibhag kahalaya. 1980 ka dashak vo sunahara yug tha jab akele dilli mean aphis ke jariye ek din mean ek lakh teligram bheje v prapt kiye jate the, jabaki aj desh bhar mean mahaj ek lakh teligram bheje v prapt kiye jate haian. darasal is seva ko banae rakhane par biesenel ko salana qarib 400 karo d rupe ka nukasan ho raha tha. girate rajasv se pareshan sarakar ne mee, 2010 mean aantardeshiy sevaoan ke lie teligram daroan mean pichhale 60 varshoan mean pahali bar badhottari ki thi. inako sadhe tin aur sadhe char rupaye se badhakar sadhe 27 rupaye kiya gaya. yahaan tak ki do mahine pahale videsh ke lie teligram sevaoan ko band kar diya gaya. antat: teligram seva se lagatar girate rajasv ke bad sarakar ne biesenel bord ko phaisala lene ka adhikar diya aur usane dak vibhag se salah-mashavire ke bad teligram seva ko 15 julaee, 2013 se band karane ka phaisala kiya. isake bad gauravashali itihas rakhane vali yah seva itihas ke pannoan tatha sangrahalayoan tak hi simat kar rah jaegi. doorasanchar evan aeeti tatkalin mantri kapil sibbal ne kaha, ham teligram sevaoan ko kafi garmajoshi se vidaee deange. sanbhavat: akhiri bheja jane vala teligram myoojiyam mean rakhane layak hoga. isi tarike se ham ise samarohapoorn vidaee de sakate haian. gauratalab hai ki 2006-07 mean deshabhar mean rojana qarib 22 hajar tar bheje gaye. 2011-12 mean ye aankada 5 hajar pratidin par pahuanch gaya. biesenel ki mane to philahal ye aank da kuchh hajar hi hai.

akhiri teligram

teligram seva ab itihas ke panh‍noan mean darj ho gee hai. kaangres upadhyaksh rahul gaandhi ko bheje ge akhiri teligram ke sath hi 163 sal purani teligram seva bharatiy itihas ke pannoan mean sama gee. tar keandroan ke bahar is seva ka ish‍temal karane valoan ko taanta laga raha. saiank doan logoan ne apanoan ko tar bheja. isake jarie akhiri teligram janapath sthit keandriy tar ghar (sitio) se ashvini mishra namak vyakti ne bheja, jo rahul gaandhi aur didi nyooj ke mahanideshak es em khan ko bheja gaya tha. bharatiyoan ki kee pidhi़yoan ko achchhi aur buri khabarean dene vali teligram seva ki vidaee ke din isase 68,837 rupe ka rajasv prapt hua. ek varishth teligraf adhikari ne bataya ki aantim din kul 2,197 teligram buk kie ge, jinamean se kanpyootar ke madhyam se 1,329 aur phon ke jarie 91 teligram buk karae ge.

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