डाउन सिन्‍ड्रोम

daun sindrom (aangrezi: Down Syndrome) ek anuvanshik vikar hai. yah manasik aur sharirik lakshanoan ka samooh hai jo ek atirikt gunasootr 21 ki upasthiti ke karan hota hai. ise traisomi 21 bhi kahate haian. samanyatah garbhasth hote samay shishu apane mata-pita se 46 kromosom prapt karate haian, 23 mata se evan 23 pita se. daun sindrom vale bachche mean 1 kromosom jyada hota hai. halaanki daun siandrom ke logoan mean kuchh am sharirik aur manasik visheshataean hoti haian. daun siandrom ke lakshan halke se lekar ganbhir tak ho sakate haian. amataur par, manasik vikas aur sharirik vikas daun siandrom ke logoan mean, bina is rog ke logoan ki tulana me dhimi gati se hota hai. in bachchoan ki maansapeshiyoan mean samany bachchoan se kam taqat hoti hai. halaanki yah taqat samay ke sath-sath badhane lagati hai. kisi bhi bachche ko 'daun sindrom' hamari galati se nahian hota. n hi daun sindrom ka sanbandh kisi khan-pan, paryavaran ya any kisi chiz se hota hai. yah sabhi jati evan dharm mean saman roop se ho sakata hai. yadyapi sabhi umr ki mahilaean dvara daun siandrom ke bachche ka janh‍m ho sakata hai, is paristhiti ke bachche ke janh‍m ki sanbhavana mahila ki ayu badhane par badhati hai. yadi 30 varsh ki mata ki ayu mean daun sindrom ki sanbhavana 900 mean se 1 mamale mean hoti hai to yah sanbhavana mata ki ayu badhane ke sath badhati jati hai, jaise 35 varsh ki ayu mean 350 mean se 1 evan 40 varsh ki ayu mean har 100 mean se 1 bachche mean hota hai.

daun siandrom ke lakshan

daun siandrom ek gun sootriy sthiti hai. yah kuchh samany vikaroan se sanbaddh hai, jaisa ki niche varnit hai:-

• is siandrom ke logoan mean paidaishi dil ki bimari ho sakati hai. unh‍hean manobhransh ho sakata hai. unh‍hean sunane mean samasyaean tatha aantoan, aankhean, thayar aauyad tatha asthi dhaanche ki samasyaean ho sakati haian.
• jaise-jaise mahila ki umr badhati hai, daun siandrom ke sath bachche paida hone ki sanbhavana badh jati hai. daun siandrom ka ilaj nahian kiya ja sakata. halaanki, daun siandrom se pi dit log achchhi tarah se vayask jivan jite haian.
• bauddhik vikalaangata - bauddhik vikalaangata ka sh‍tar badalata hai, lekin yah amataur par nyoon se madhyam hoti hai.
• prakatan - bachapan mean chehare ka vishishh‍t svaroop - in bachchoan ke chehare par kuchh had tak sapatapan hota hai. aankhoan mean oopar ki taraph tirachhapan, chhote kan evan b di jibh yah samany taur par dekhane mean ata hai.
• paidaish ke samay kamazor maansapeshiyaan (haipotoniya) hoti haian. in bachchoan ki maansapeshiyoan mean samany bachchoan se kam taqat hoti hai. halaanki yah taqat samay ke sath-sath badhane lagati hai. isalie ye bachche baithana, ghutane chalana evan pair par chalana sikh jate haian, lekin doosare bachchoan se dhime.
• janm par in bachchoan ka akar evan vajan doosare bachchoan ki tarah hi samany rahata hai, lekin age chalakar inaka groth kuchh had tak dhima ho jata hai. kuchh had tak inake bolane ki kshamata bhi dhimi ho jati hai.
• janm dosh - daun siandrom ke log kee tarah ke janm doshoan ke sath paida ho sakate haian. prabhavit bachchoan mean se qarib adhoan ko hriday dosh hota hai.
• pachan sambandhi asamanyataean – yah bahut hi virale hoti hai, jaise- aant ki rukavat

daun siandrom se pi dit vyaktiyoan mean kee chikitsakiy paristhitiyoan ke nirman ka atirikh‍t jokhim hai. inamean shamil haian :

gestroisophejialadhovah-

pet ke amliy tath‍voan ka bhojan nalika mean ulta pravah hai.

seliak rog-

jo ki gehooan ke protin, gh‍luten ke prati asahishnuta hai.

haipothayarayadijm-

qarib 15 pratishat daun siandrom ke logoan mean nyoon-kriyashil thayar aauyad granthi (haipothayarayadijm) hoti hai. thayar aauyad granthi gardan ke nichale hisse mean titali ke akar ka ek aang hai jo harmon ka utpadan karati hai.

sunane evan dekhane ki samasya-

daun siandrom ke vyaktiyoan ko sunane evan dekhane ki samasyaoan ka khatara badh jata hai.

rakt kaiansar-

isake atirikt, qarib 1 pratishat daun siandrom ke bachchoan mean rakt-nirman koshikaoan (lyookemiya) ka kaiansar hota hai.

aljaimar rog-

daun siandrom ke vayaskoan mean aljaimar rog, ek mastishk vikar ka jokhim badh jata hai, jo smriti, nirnay evan kary karane ki kshamata mean kramik hani karata hai. yadyapi aljaimar rog amataur par b di umr ke vayaskoan mean hi hota hai, qarib daun siandrom ke qarib adhe vayaskoan mean yah paristhiti 50 ki ayu tak vikasit hoti hai.

daun siandrom se sanbandhit anuvaanshik parivartan

• traisomi 21 - adhikaansh mamaloan mean daun siandrom traisomi 21 se hota hai, yani sharir ki pratyek koshika samany do pratiyoan ke bajay gunasootr 21 ki tin pratiyaan hoti hai. atirikt anuvaanshik padarth samany vikas ki gati ko bhang kar deta hai, jisake parinamash‍varoop daun siandrom ke vishisht lakshan hote haian.
• gunasootr 21 ki atirikt k aaupi - daun siandrom ke kuchh pratishat logoan mean sharir ki keval kuchh koshikaoan mean gunasootr 21 ki ek atirikt k aaupi hoti hai. in logoan mean, is sthiti ko mozek daun siandrom kaha jata hai.
• gunasootr sh‍thananh‍taran - daun siandrom, prajanan koshikaoan (aande aur shukranu) ke gathan ya bhroon vikas ke praranbh ke dauran gunasootr 21 ka bhag anh‍y gunasootr mean sanlagn (sh‍thananh‍taran) hone se bhi hota hai. prabhavit logoan mean gunasootr 21 ki do pratiyaan, gunasootr 21 jo anh‍y gunasootr ke sath sanlagn hai, ki atirikt samagri hoti hai. is anuvaanshik parivartan se prabhavit vyaktiyoan ko sh‍thananh‍tarit daun siandrom hona kaha jata hai.

daun siandrom vanshanugat hai

adhikaansh mamaloan mean daun siandrom vanshanugat nahian hota hai.

traisomi 21

jab sthiti traisomi 21 dvara prabhavit hoti hai, to gunasootriy vishamata achanak prajanan koshikaoan ke gathan ke dauran utpann ho jati hai. amataur par vishamata aande ki koshikaoan mean hoti hai, lekin yah kabhi-kabhi shukranu koshikaoan mean hoti hai. koshika vibhajan mean truti, jise aviyojan kaha jata hai, ke parinamasvaroop prajanan koshikaoan mean gunasootroan ki asamany sankhya hoti hai. udaharanarth aande ya shukranu, koshika mean gunasootr 21 ki atirikt pratilipi prapt kar sakate haian. yadi inamean se ek asamanh‍y prajanan koshika bachche ki anuvaanshik banavat mean yogadan deti hai, to bachche ke sharir ki pratyek koshika mean ek atirikt gunasootr 21 hoga.

• mozek daun siandrom bhi virasat mean nahian milata hai. yah koshika vibhajan ke dauran aniyamit roop se bhroon vikas ke shuruat mean hi hota hai. parinamasvaroop, sharir ki kuchh koshikaoan mean samanh‍yat: gunasootr 21 do pratiyaan hoti hai, anh‍y koshikaoan mean is gunasootr ki tin pratiyaan hoti haian.
• sh‍thananh‍taran daun siandrom virasat mean mil sakata hai. ek aprabhavit vyakti mean gunasootr 21 evan anh‍y gunasootr ke bich anuvanshik samagri ka punarvyavasthapan ho sakata hai. is punarvyavasthapan ko santulit sthananh‍taran kaha jata hai kyoanki usamean gunasootr 21 ki atirikt samagri nahian hai. bhale hi unamean daun siandrom ke lakshan nahian hote, is prakar ka santulit sh‍thananh‍taran vale logoan ke bachh‍choan mean is sthiti ke hone ka khatara badh jata hai.
• daun siandrom manasik aur sharirik lakshanoan ka samooh hai jo ki gunasootr 21 ki ek atirikt prati hone ke karan hota hai. halaanki daun siandrom ke logoan mean kuchh sharirik aur manasik visheshataean ek jaisi hoti haian, daun siandrom ke lakshan nyoon se ganbhir tak ho sakate haian. amataur par daun siandrom ke logoan mean manasik aur sharirik vikas bina daun siandrom valoan ki tulana mean dhimi gati se hota hai.

daun sindrom bachche ki dekhabhal

• 'daun sindrom' ka ilaj sanbhav nahian hai. bas, achchhe sahare ke sath yah zaroori sanbhav ho sakata hai ki ye bachche apani kshamata ke anusar apana jivan behatar ji sakean. yadi bachcha 'slo' bhi hai to use poora saport karean. zaroorat p dane par use spich thairepist, phijiyothairepist evan any chikitsakiy sahayata bhi dean.
• saraansh yah hai ki ye bachche lagabhag sabhi ve kary kar ya sikh sakate haian, jo doosare bachche karate haian, lekin sikhane ki kshamata dhime hone ke karan ve aisa der se karate haian.

abhibhavak kya karean ?

• aparadhabodh mahasoos n karean. bachche ki is avastha ko lekar man mean aparadh ki bhavana n panapane dean. isase n bachche ko labh hoga n apako.
• tarkasangatata se kam lean. gumarah karane vali salahoan aur chamatkari ilaj ke daanvoan ke jhaanse mean n ae.
• bachche ki zaroorat se jyada raksha n karean. ati sanrakshan bachche ki madad ke bajae usaki svabhavik badhat aur vikas mean badha pahuancha sakata hai.
• doosare bachche ko vishesh bachche ki dekhabhal mean shamil karean.
• apake agale ane vale bachche ko 'daun sindrom' se bachane ke lie apako kisi jenetik kauansalar se milana chahie. sath hi ap agali garbhavastha ke shuruati mahine mean hi yah pata bhi kar sakate haian ki ane vale bachche ko daun sindrom to nahian hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh