आचार्य रघुवीर
achary raghuvir
| |
| poora nam | achary raghuvir |
| janm | 30 disanbar 1902 |
| janm bhoomi | ravalapindi (vartaman pakistan) |
| mrityu | 14 mee, 1963 |
| abhibhavak | pita- muanshi ramaji mata- jayavanti |
| santan | putr- lokeshachandr, putri- sushila, sudarshana, sushama aur prabha |
| karm bhoomi | bharat |
| karm-kshetr | koshakar tatha bhashavid |
| vidyalay | lahaur vishvavidyalay, h aaulaiand vishvavidyalay |
| shiksha | em.e., pi.ech.di., di.lit |
| prasiddhi | bhashavid, vidvanh, rajanitik neta, koshakar, shabdashastri |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | achary raghuvir ne pray: chhah lakh shabdoan ki rachana ki hai. inaki shabd nirman ki paddhati vaijnanik hai. inhoanne vijnan ki pratyek shakha ke shabdoan ki kosh rachana ki hai. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
achary raghuvir (aangrezi: Aacharya Raghuveer, janm- 30 disambar, 1902; mrityu- 14 mee, 1963) mahan bhashavid, prakhyat vidvanh, rajanitik neta tatha bharatiy dharohar ke manishi the. vah mahanh koshakar, shabdashastri tatha bharatiy sanskriti ke unnayak the. ek or achary raghuvir ne koshoan ki rachana kar rashtrabhasha hiandi ka shabd bhandar sanpann kiya, to doosari or vishv mean visheshatah eshiya mean phaili huee bharatiy sanskriti ki khoj kar usaka sangrah evan sanrakshan kiya. adhunik yug mean kuchh nam aise haian, jinhean b di nimarmata se bhula diya gaya hai. in namoan mean vaidy gurudatt (1894-1989), achary raghuvir (1902-1963), pan. sooryanarayan vyas (1902-1976) aur d aau. haravanshalal obaray (1925-1983) ka nam pramukhata se liya ja sakata hai.
parichay
achary raghuvir ka janm 30 disambar, 1902 ko ravalapindi (vartaman mean pakistan ke aantargat) mean hua tha. unake pita muanshi ramaji ravalapindi ke ek vidyalay mean pradhanadhyapak the tatha aangrezi padhaya karate the. mata ka nam jayavanti tha. balyakal se hi raghuvir mean sanskrit ke prati gahan abhiruchi thi. unhoanne ek sthaniy pustak-vikreta ke yahaan jakar sanskrit ke kavy, ramayan, mahabharat, nirukt, ganaratnamahodadhi adi granthoan ka adhyayan kar liya tha aur aangrezi mean kavitaean bhi likhane lage the.[1]
raghuvir ji ne pathashala-star ki shiksha ravalapindi mean poori ki aur age ki shiksha ke lie lahaur ke di.e.vi. k aaulej mean padhane gaye. yahaan unhoanne sanskrit mean bi.e. aaunars tatha em.e. kiya. lahaur vishvavidyalay se em.e. karane ke bad inhoanne landan se pi.ech.di. aur halaiand vishvavidyalay se di.lit ki upadhi prapt ki. unhean shodh-kary karane ke lie 75 rupaye masik ki ‘mॅkl aaued kashmir sanskrit sk aaularaship’ mili. sanskrit ke adhyayan ke sath unhoanne lipi vijnan tatha prachin bharat ke itihas ka bhi gahan adhyayan kiya. us samay tak vah hiandi, aangrezi, arabi, farasi, urdoo, marathi, tamil, telugoo, panjabi-jaisi bhashaoan mean nishnat ho chuke the. isi dauran unhoanne vibhinn vidyarthi sangathanoan mean sammilit hokar bharat ke svadhinata sangram mean bhi badh-chadhakar hissa liya.
vivah
sanh 1925 mean achary raghuvir ka lajjavati ji se vivah hua. 11 aprail, 1927 ko unako putraratn ki prapti huee, jisaka nam rakha gaya lokeshachandr. yah vahi pro. lokeshachandr haian, jinhoanne apane pita ki virasat ko bakhoobi sambhala aur bharatiy vidya ke anany vidvanh ke roop mean vishvabhar mean pratishthit haian. bad mean raghuvir ji ko char any putriyaan hueean- sushila, sudarshana, sushama aur prabha. acharyaji ne sabhi ka palan-poshan vidvattapoorn vatavaran mean b de parishram aur dooradrishti se kiya.
yoorop yatra
di.e.vi. k aaulej mean adhyayan poorn karane ke bad raghuvir ji ne yoorop ke un sanskrit vidvanoan se bheant karane ka nishchay kiya, jinhoanne sanskrit ke adhyayan ke lie apana jivan samarpit kar diya tha. sanh 1928 mean matr 26 varsh ki ayu mean vah tamam arthik kasht sahakar yoorop ki yatra par chal p de. unaka pravas landan se prarambh kiya, jahaan unhoanne ‘skool aauf oriyantal end aphrikan stadiz’ (landan yoonivarsiti se sambaddh) mean pro. ar.el. tarnar (1888-1983) ke netritv mean piech. di. ki upadhi prapt ki. sanh 1929 mean landan yoonivarsiti se vishesh anumati lekar unhoanne h aaulaind ke prasiddh prachyavidh pro. vilem kaland (1859-1932) ko apana guru banaya aur vahaan ke yootrekht yoonivarsiti se ‘d aauktars aauf laitars’ ki upadhi prapt ki. isi ke sath unhoanne landan yoonivarsiti ke hi eerani vibhag se eerani, roosi, bulgar, gothik, lithuaniyan aur jeand avesta bhashaoan ki parikshaean pas kar lian. avesta aur vaidik sanskrit ka tulanatmak adhyayan kar unhoanne siddh kiya yah sanskrit ke atyant nikat hai. yahian par achary ji ne maharshi patanjali ke ‘mahabhashy’ ka adhyapan bhi kiya. yoorop mean unhoanne anek vidvanoan ko sanskrit ke kshetr mean kary karane ke lie prerit kiya. bharat vapasi ke bad d aau. raghuvir ke arambhik kary ka kendr lahaur raha jahaan unhoanne ajivika ke lie sanatan dharm k aaulej ke sanskrit-vibhag mean adhyapan karana prarambh kiya.[1]
sarasvati vihar
achary raghuvir ek vyakti se badhakar ek chalati-phirati sanstha the. janavari, 1934 mean unhoanne sansar ke kuchh pramukh bharatavidoan ke sath milakar lahaur ke nikat ‘ichhara’ namak sthan par ‘sarasvati vihar’ (intaraneshanal ekedami aauf indiyan kalchar) ki sthapana ki. is sansthan ka uddeshy bharatiy sanskriti ke anusandhan aur videshi vidvanoan ko prashikshan diya jana tha. sansthan ki sthapana kar bharatiy sanskriti ke anusandhan ka kary aranbh kiya. is kary ke lie inhoanne yoorop, soviyat sangh, chin tatha dakshin poorvi eshiyaee deshoan ki anek bar yatraean kian. in yatraoan mean inhoanne bharatiy sanskriti vishay par apani vishesh drishti to rakhi hi, sath hi un deshoan ki rajanitik vicharadhara tatha bharat par p dane vale sanbhavit prabhavoan ko bhi dhyan mean rakha. vigat dashakoan mean bharatiy sanskriti ka sandesh inhoanne jis prabhavashali dhang se diya, utana kisi ne nahian kiya. d aauktar raghuvir mahanh koshakar tatha bhashavid the. inhoanne pray: chhah lakh shabdoan ki rachana ki hai. inaki shabd nirman ki paddhati vaijnanik hai. inhoanne vijnan ki pratyek shakha ke shabdoan ki kosh rachana ki hai.
panjab vishvavidyalay ke upakulapati pro. e.si. vulnar sarasvati vihar ke pratham adhyaksh tatha pro. sadhooram isake koshadhyaksh aur sachiv banae gaye. pro. raghuvir isake ajivan nideshak rahe. achary raghuvir ne vishv ke anek deshoan se ikattha ki gee pandulipiyoan, kalakritiyoan aur pustakoan ka vishal sangrah ‘sarasvati vihar’ mean ekatr kiya. panjab mean ho rahe raktapat ko dekhate hue achary raghuvir 1946 mean ‘sarasvati vihar’ ko nagapur le aye. desh-videsh ke moordhany vidvanoan, shikshavidoan, rajanetaoan ka ‘sarasvati vihar’ mean jamaghat laga rahata tha. sanh 1956 mean jayadayal dayamiya ne dilli mean ‘sarasvati vihar’ ki sthapana ke lie bhoomi aur avashyak dhan upalabdh karaya. 30 navambar, 1956 ko tatkalin rashtrapati d aau. rajendr prasad ne isaka shilanyas kiya.
d zarnal aauf vaidik stadiz
‘sarasvati vihar’ janavari, 1934 ki sthapana ke sath hi achary raghuvir ne lahaur se ‘d zarnal aauf vaidik stadiz’ namak ek shodh-patrika ka sampadan-prakashan prarambh kiya. pro. d aau. hans oeratel (1868-1952), e.si. voolanar (1878-1936), e.bi. kith (1879-1944), pro. phreankalin edagertan (1885-1963) aur luees reneyoo (1896-1966)-jaise prakand yooropiy vidvanh is patrika ke sampadak mandal ke sadasy the. is patrika mean durlabh sanskrit granthoan ka prakashan kiya jata tha.
sampadak aur prakashak
achary raghuvir ne vaidik vanmay ke sambandh mean n keval anek gaveshanatmak nibandh likhe, apitu anek vaidik granthoan ka sangrah, sampadan aur prakashan bhi kiya. achary raghuvir ke sampadakatv mean ‘sarasvati vihar’ aur any sansthanoan se krishnayajurvediyakapishthalakathasanhita (1932), varahagrihyasootr (1932), atharvaved (1936), samavediya jaiminiyasanhita (1938), shatapathabrahman (1939), jaiminiyabrahmanamh (1950)-jaise anek granth prakashit hue haian. h aaulaind ki yootrekht yoonivarsiti ne achary raghuvir dvara sampadit varahagrihyasootr ki sau pratiyaan kharidi thian. sanh 1936 mean achary raghuvir ne valmikiy ramayan ka ek mahattvapoorn sanskaran prakashit karane ki yojana banayi. isake lie unhoanne kashmir se malabar tak vibhinn lipiyoan mean upalabdh ramayan ki 30 pandulipiyaan ekatr kian. unhean ramayan ki sabase prachin pandulipi nepal se prapt huee. is adhar par ramayan ka ek sarvashuddh sanskaran 1938 mean prakashit hua.[1]
bahut kam logoan ko is bat ki janakari hai ki d aau. raghuvir, bhandarakar prachyavidya shodh sansthan, poona dvara vishnu sitaram sukathankar (1887-1943) ke pradhan sampadakatv mean 18 khandoan mean prakashit mahabharat ke alochanatmak sanskaran (1933-1954) ke sampadak-mandal ke sadasy the. 1936 mean prakashit mahabharat ke ‘virataparv’ ka sampadan inhoanne hi kiya tha. isake lie unhoanne sharada, baangla, devanagari, telugoo, granthalipi, malayali lipi tatha indoneshiya ki dasham shatabdi ki ‘kavi’ lipi mean upalabdh mahabharat ki samast pandulipiyoan ka upayog kiya.
koshakar
d aau. raghuvir ek mahanh sanskrit vidvanh the aur ek bahubhashavid the, jo nau bharatiy aur sat yooropiy bhashaoan (aangrezi, jarman, phreanch, dach, roosi, arabi, pharasi) mean n sirf likh sakate the, apitu dharapravah bol bhi sakate the. unhoanne vishv ki vibhinn bhashaoan mean anusyoot sanskrit-shabdoan ko prakat karake yah siddh kiya tha sanskrit hi vishv ki samast bhashaoan ki janani hai. unaki hardik ichchha thi ki hiandi mean paribhashik-vaijnanik shabdoan ka nirman karake unake kosh taiyar kie jayean. is disha mean unhoanne vyaktigat star par sarvadhik gambhir prayas kiya aur 1943-46 ke dauran lahaur se hiandi, tamiळ, baangla aur kann d— in char lipiyoan mean takaniki shabdakosh prakashit kiya. 1949 mean unhoanne ‘indiyan saiantiphik nomiklechar aauf bards aauf indiya barma end silon’ (aangl-bharatiy pakshi namavali) namak granth prakashit kiya. sanh 1950 mean unaki kansolidetad dikshanari prakashit huee. unake brihadakar ‘e kampraheansiv ianglish-hiandi dikshanari aauf gavarnameantal end ejukeshan vadrs end phrejej’ (1955) se to sab parichit haian hi. usi varsh unaka ‘elimeantri-iangalish-indiyan dikshanari aauf saiantiphik tarms; spesiyali pripeyard ph aaur yooz aauf maitrikuleshan stoodents aauf avar yoonivarsitiz’ prakashit hua tha. agale varsh unhoanne ‘hiandi-iangalish dikshanari aauf teknikal tarms’ namak granth bhi prakashit kiya. ‘arthashastr shabd-kosh’ ka bhi unhoanne nirman kiya tha. ‘hiandi katha kosh’ unaki mahanh den hai. d aau. raghuvir ne sanskrit ki dhatu, upasarg aur pratyay par adharit shabd-nirman prakriya dvara lakhoan vaijnanik shabd banane ka marg prashast kar diya. age vaijnanik aur takaniki shabdavali ayog ne deshabhar ke vaijnanikoan, bhashavidoan aur sansadhakoan ki sahayata se ise sarvatha nayi chunautiyoan ke anuroop naya svaroop pradan kiya.[1]
sanvidhan ke pratham hiandi anuvadak
sanh 1946 mean sanvidhan sabha ka gathan hone par 24 aprail, 1948 ko d aau. raghuvir madhyapradesh aur barar kshetr se usake sadasy chune gaye. d aau. raghuvir ko bharat ki sanvidhan sabha mean shayad sabase yugantarakari vyakti mana jata tha. sanh 1950 mean unhoanne sanvidhan ka pahala khand hiandi mean prastut kiya, jise unhoanne sanvidhan sabha ko prastut kiya, jahaan vah sabase niyamit vad-vivadakartaoan mean se ek the. halaanki, neharoo aur sanvidhan sabha ke dakshin bharatiy pratinidhiyoan ne hiandi mean prastut sanvidhan ko nahian apanaya. halaanki radhakrishnan, ke.em. muanshi aur gopalasvami ayyar ne achary raghuvir ke prayasoan ke lie unhean bahut garmajoshi se badhaee di.
rajaniti
achary raghuvir aprail 1952 se aprail, 1962 tak lagatar do bar rajyasabha ke lie namaankit hue. usi dauran kaangres se matabhed hone par unhoanne svayan ko usase alag kar liya. achary raghuvir ne bharat mean shiksha ka madhyam hiandi kie jane par bal diya. yahi karan tha ki neharoo ji se unake barabar matabhed rahe. ek bar vah vah chin ke ek adhyayan daure par ge aur vapas akar bataya ki ‘hiandi-chini bhaee bhaee’ ki niti ek bhram par adharit hai aur chin bharat ki sabase b di samasya ke roop mean ubharane ja raha hai tatha usake irade nek nahian haian. unhoanne pan. neharoo ko chin se savadhan kiya, kintu neharoo ne unase dridhata se asahamati jataee, jo aantatah chini hamale ke ek sal pahale 1961 mean achary raghuvir ke kaangres chho dane ka karan bana. isake turant bad vah bharatiy janasangh mean shamil hue, jahaan disambar, 1962 mean unhoanne parti ke rashtriy adhyaksh ka pad sambhala. 1962 ke lokasabha chunav mean vah janasangh ke tikat par varanasi se kh de hue, kintu unhean parajay ka muanh dekhana p da.
mrityu
14 mee, 1963 ko jab achary raghuvir apane bahut karibi mitr ramamanohar lohiya ka chunav-prachar kar rahe the, tabhi unaki kar rahasyamay paristhitiyoan mean ek pe d se takaraee. isi durghatana mean achary raghuvir ka bhautik sharir sansar se uth gaya.[1]
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