तक्षशिला विश्वविद्यालय
takshashila vishvavidyalay
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vivaran | takshashila vishvavidyalay mean poore vishv ke 10,500 se adhik chhatr adhyayan karate the. |
zila | ravalapiandi (pakistan) |
sthapana | takshashila vishvavidyalay vishv ka pratham vishvavidyalay tha jisaki sthapana 700 varsh eesa poorv mean ki gee thi. |
bhaugolik sthiti | uttar- 33°44'45"; poorv- 72°47'15" |
marg sthiti | pashchimi pakistan ki rajadhani ravalapindi se 18 mil uttar ki or aur islamabad se 30 kilomitar ki doori par sthit hai. |
kaise pahuanchean | havaee jahaz v s dak marg dvara pahuancha ja sakata hai. |
havaee adda | islamabad aantarrashtriy havaee adda |
kya dekhean | takshashila sangrahalay, mugal gardan |
es.ti.di. kod | 0596 |
chitr:Map-icon.gif | googal manachitr |
adyatan | 18:18, 6 sitambar 2011 (IST)
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bharat mean duniya ke pahale vishvavidyalay 'takshashila vishvavidyalay' ki sthapana satavian shati eesa poorv ho gayi thi. yah samay nalanda vishvavidyalay se lagabhag 1200 varsh pahale tha. 'telapatt' aur 'susimajatak' mean takshashila ko kashi se 2,000 kos door bataya gaya hai. jatakoan mean takshashila ke mahavidyalay ki bhi anek bar charcha huee hai. yahaan adhyayan karane ke lie door-door se vidyarthi ate the. bharat ke jnat itihas ka yah sarvaprachin vishvavidyalay tha. is vishvavidyalay mean raja aur rank sabhi vidyarthiyoan ke sath saman vyavahar hota tha. jatak kathaoan se yah bhi jnat hota hai ki takshashila mean 'dhanurved' tatha 'vaidyak' tatha any vidyaoan ki ooanchi shiksha di jati thi.
sthapana
takshashila vishvavidyalay vartaman pashchimi pakistan ki rajadhani ravalapindi se 18 mil uttar ki or sthit tha. jis nagar mean yah vishvavidyalay tha usake bare mean kaha jata hai ki shri ram ke bhaee bharat ke putr 'taksh' ne us nagar ki sthapana ki thi.
- yah vishv ka pratham vishvavidyalay tha jisaki sthapana 700 varsh eesa poorv mean ki gee thi.
- takshashila vishvavidyalay mean poore vishv ke 10,500 se adhik chhatr adhyayan karate the.
- yahaan 60 se bhi adhik vishayoan ko padhaya jata tha.
- 326 eesvi poorv mean videshi akramanakari sikandar ke akraman ke samay yah sansar ka sabase prasiddh vishvavidyalay hi nahian tha, apitu us samay ke 'chikitsa shastr' ka ekamatr sarvopari kendr tha.
ayurved vijnan ka sabase b da kendr
500 ee. poo. jab sansar mean chikitsa shastr ki paranpara bhi nahian thi tab takshashila 'ayurved vijnan' ka sabase b da kendr tha. jatak kathaoan evan videshi paryatakoan ke lekh se pata chalata hai ki yahaan ke snatak mastishk ke bhitar tatha aant diyoan tak ka aaupareshan b di sugamata se kar lete the. anek asadhy rogoan ke upachar saral evan sulabh j di bootiyoan se karate the. isake atirikt anek durlabh j di-bootiyoan ka bhi unhean jnan tha. shishy achary ke ashram mean rahakar vidyadhyayan karate the. ek achary ke pas anek vidyarthi rahate the. inaki sankhya pray: sau se adhik hoti thi aur anek bar 500 tak pahuanch jati thi. adhyayan mean kriyatmak kary ko bahut mahattv diya jata tha. chhatroan ko deshatan bhi karaya jata tha.
- shulk aur pariksha
shiksha poorn hone par pariksha li jati thi. takshashila vishvavidyalay se snatak hona us samay atyant gauravapoorn mana jata tha. yahaan dhani tatha nirdhan donoan tarah ke chhatroan ke adhyayan ki vyavastha thi. dhani chhatra achary ko bhojan, nivas aur adhyayan ka shulk dete the tatha nirdhan chhatr adhyayan karate hue ashram ke kary karate the. shiksha poori hone par ve shulk dene ki pratijna karate the. prachin sahity se vidit hota hai ki takshashila vishvavidyalay mean padhane vale uchch varn ke hi chhatr hote the. suprasiddh vidvan, chiantak, kootanitijn, arthashastri chanaky ne bhi apani shiksha yahian poorn ki thi. usake bad yahian shikshan kary karane lage. yahian unhoanne apane anek granthoan ki rachana ki. is vishvavidyalay ki sthiti aise sthan par thi, jahaan poorv aur pashchim se ane vale marg milate the. chaturth shatabdi ee. poo. se hi is marg se bharatavarsh par videshi akraman hone lage. videshi akraantaoan ne is vishvavidyalay ko kafi kshati pahuanchaee. aantat: chhathavian shatabdi mean yah akramanakariyoan dvara poori tarah nasht kar diya.
sthiti
us kal mean takshashila ek vikhyat vishvavidyalay tha, jo siandhu nadi ke kinare base nagar ke roop mean tha. vishvavidyalay mean prakhyat vidvanh tatha visheshajn shikshakoan ke roop mean chhatroan ko shiksha dete the. takshashila mean shiksha grahan karane ke lie door-door se rajakumar, shahi parivaroan ke putr, brahmanoan, vidvanoan, dhani logoan tatha uchch kuloan ke bete ate the. takshashila ajakal pakistan mean hai. puratattv khudaee mean vishvavidyalay ka poora chitr ubharakar samane aya hai. takshashila mean das hazar chhatroan ke avas v padhaee ki suvidhaean thian. shikshakoan ki sankhya ka sahaj hi anuman lagaya ja sakata hai. vishvavidyalay mean avas kaksh, padhaee ke lie kaksh, sabhagrih aur pustakalay the. takshashila ke avasheshoan ko dekhane ke lie aj prativarsh hazaroan paryatak, itihasakar tatha puratattvavetta takshashila jate haian.
pathyakram
- us samay vishvavidyalay kee vishayoan ke pathyakram upalabdh karata tha, jaise - bhashaean, vyakaran, darshan shastr, chikitsa, shaly chikitsa, krishi, bhoovijnan, jyotish, khagol shastr, jnan-vijnan, samaj-shastr, dharm, tantr shastr, manovijnan tatha yogavidya adi.
- vibhinn vishayoan par shodh ka bhi pravadhan tha.
- shiksha ki avadhi 8 varsh tak ki hoti thi.
- vishesh adhyayan ke atirikt ved, tirandaji, ghu dasavari, hathi ka sandhan v ek darjan se adhik kalaoan ki shiksha di jati thi.
- takshashila ke snatakoan ka har sthan par b da adar hota tha.
- yahaan chhatr 15-16 varsh ki avastha mean praranbhik shiksha grahan karane ate the. svabhavik roop se chanaky ko uchch shiksha ki chah takshashila le aee. yahaan chanaky ne padhaee mean vishesh yogyata prapt ki.
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