तमिल संगम
tamil bhasha mean likhe gaye prachin sahity ko hi sangam sahity kaha jata hai. 'sangam' shabd ka arth hai- sangh, parishadh, goshthi athava sansthan. vastav mean sangam, tamil kaviyoan, vidvanoan, acharyoan, jyotishiyoan evan buddhijiviyoan ki ek parishad thi. sarvapratham in parishadoan ka ayojan pandy rajaoan ke rajakiy sanrakshan mean kiya gaya. sangam ka mahattvapoorn kary hota tha, un kaviyoan v lekhakoan ki rachanaoan ka avalokan karana, jo apani rachaoan ko prakashit karavana chahate the. parishad athava sangam ki sanstuti ke uparant hi vah rachana prakashit ho pati thi. prapt sakshyoan ke adhar par yah nishkarsh nikalata hai ki is prakar ki tin parishadoan ka ayojan pandy shasakoan ke sanrakshan mean kiya gaya.
anushruti
tamil anushrutiyoan ke anusar tin parishadoan (sangam) ka ayojan hua tha-
uparokt tinoan sangam kul 9950 varsh tak chale. is avadhi mean lagabhag 8598 kaviyoan ne apani rachanaoan se sangam sahity ki unnati ki. koee 197 pandy shasakoan ne in sangamoan ko apana sanrakshan pradan kiya. 'sangam sahity' ka rachana kal vivadaspad hai. is vishay mean pramanik janakari ka abhav hai, phir bhi jo sanket milate haian, unake adhar par yahi anuman lagaya ja sakata hai ki 'sangam sahity' ka sankalan 100 se 600 ee. ke madhy hua hoga. sangam sahity mean ullikhit 'narakul' shabd 'smaran prashn' ke arth mean prayukt hota tha.
mahattv
lokakathaoan ke anusar tamil shasakoan ne kuchh samayantaraloan ki avadhi mean sammelanoan ka ayojan kiya, jisamean lekhak apane jnan ki charcha tark-vitark ke roop mean karate the. aisa karane se tamil sahity ka uttarottar vikas hua. sangam sahity ke antargat 473 kaviyoan dvara rachit 2381 pady haian. in kaviyoan mean se koee 102 kavi anam haian. dakshin bharat ke prachin itihas ke liye sangam sahity ki upayogita anany hai. is sahity mean us samay ke tin rajavanshoan ka ullekh milata hai- chol, cher aur pandy. sangam tamil kaviyoan ka sangh tha, jo pandy shasakoan ke sanrakshan mean hue the. kul tin sangamoan ka jikr hua hai. pratham sangam madura mean agasty rrishi ki adhyakshata mean hua tha.
shilappadikaram, jivak chintamani, tolkpiyam, manimekhale kuchh mahatvapoorn sangam mahakavy haian. jaisa ki prachin bharatiy itihas granthoan mean atishayoktipoorn varnanoan ki bharamar milati hai, sangam sahity bhi isaka apavad nahian hai. isalie in granthoan ko adhar manakar itihas likhana uchit nahian mana gaya hai; phir bhi dakshin bharat ke prachin samay ke itihas ki rooparekha janane mean yah sahayak haian aur inaka kafi mahattv hai.
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