तारापुंज
tarapuanj akash ke tho de se sthan mean bahut taroan ka ghana jamaghat sa hai, jo nirmal akash mean kahian kahian par dikhaee deta hai. dooradarshi se dekhane par isamean hamako saik doan hajaroan tare dikhalaee dete hai. tarapuanjoan ki akriti bahut se vibhinn taroan ke ek drishtisootr mean hone ke karan hamean dikhaee nahian deti. yah akriti unake ek samany parivar ka sadasy hone ke karan hai. hiyadij [1] adi kuchh tarapuanj bhramanashil haian. inake sadasyoan ki niji gati ke adhyayan se pata chala hai ki ve sab ek sath ek disha mean chalate hean, jisase unaka puanj akar bana rahata hai. tarapuanj ke sadasyoan ki rachana, unake moolatatv tatha vikas mean bhi paraspar ghanishth sanbandh rahata hai.[2]
tarapuanjoan ke bhed
tarapuanj do shreniyoan mean vibhakt hai-
- akashagangiy athava khule tarapuanj
- golakar tarapuanj
golakar tarapuanj bhi hamari akashaganga ke sadasy haian, tathapi in donoan shreniyoan mean bahut se maulik bhed haian.
akashagangiy tarapuanj
akashagangiy tarapuj akashaganga ke samatal mean, ya usake ati nikat, upalabdh hote haian, jabaki golakar tarapuanj akashaganga ke samatal se sabhi dooriyoan par milate haian. akashagangiy tarapuanj sarpil bhujaoan ke asapas milate haian tatha golakar tarapuanj sarpil se door, pray: akashaganga ke keandriy bhagoan ke pas, milate haian. akashagangiy tarapujoan mean taroan ki sankhya 20 se 2,000 tak rahati hai, jabaki golakar tarapuanjoan ki sankhya 10,000 se 1,00,000 tak ya usake adhik rahata hai. akashagangiy tarapuanj p aaupuleshan pratham tatha golakar tarapuanj p aaupuleshan dvitiy varg mean ate haian. samipavarti akashagangiy tarapuanjoan ke tare kisi chhote se dooradarshi se vibhedit ho jate haian, par golakar tarapuanjoan ke taroan ko vibhedit karane ke liye b de dooradarshiyoan ki avashyakata p dati hai. lagabhag 400 akashagangiy tarapuanj jnat hai. sanbhavat: kul akashagangiy tarapuanjoan ki sankhya isase char ya paanch guna hogi. samipavarti akashaganga paddhatiyoan, yatha maigelainik [3] meghoan, mean bhi kuchh chamakile akashagangiy tarapuanj milate hai. p aaupuleshan pratham ka sadasy hone ke karan akashagangiy tarapujoan mean tara-madhyavarti gais tatha dhool milati hai. chakshudrishy akashagangiy tarapuanjoan mean krittika tarapuanj tatha diyadiz tarapuanj ati prasiddh haian. ye donoan vrish taramandal mean haian. shesh chakshudrishy akashagangiy tarapuanjo mean parashoo ka dohara tarapuanj, uttar kirit ka tarapuanj (eks kroosis), dakshini svastik ka tarapuanj tatha prisip pramukh hai.[2]
krittika tarapuanj
krittika tarapuanj mean chamakile nile rang ke manjhole bi (B) varnakrami tare haian. dhuandhale tare isase nimn varnakram tatha nimn prishthiy tap ke haian. is puanj ke lagabhag adhaee sau taroan ka jnan prapt kiya ja chuka hai. inaka drishyanirapeksh kaantiman - 3.5 se 10.5 tak hai.[2]
prisip tarapuanj
yah bhi krittika tarapuanj jaisa hai. isamean atyant chamakile tare e (A) varnakram ke nile tare hai tatha dhuandhale tare lal rang ke haian.
hiyadiz tarapuanj
yah bhramanashil tarapuanj hai, jisaki niji gati kafi adhik hai. isase isake taroan ko prishthabhoomi ke taroan se asani se prithakh kiya ja sakata hai. yah puanj soory se 130 prakashavarsh ki doori par hai. isaka brihath aksh akashaganga ke samatal mean hai tatha laghu aksh usapar lanb hai evan brihath aksh ka 2/3 hai. isake tare isake keandr ki or aniyamit dhang se keandrit haian. isake ati nile tare e-2 (A-2) varnakram ke haian. isake taroan mean ji tatha ke varnakram ke danav tare bhi vidyaman haian.
dooriyaan tatha bhautik vishleshan
samipavarti akashagangiy tarapuanjoan ki dooriyaan lanban vidhi se jnat ki jati hai. dooravarti tarapujoan ki doori photographi tatha photovidyuth vidhiyoan se unake varnasoochak [4] ke jnan se jani jati haian. isase pata chala hai ki adhikaansh akashagangiy tarapuanj soory se 10,000 prakashavarsh ki doori ke bhitar vidyaman haian. shesh ki dooriyaan bhi soory se 15,000 prakashavarsh se adhik nahian haian. jin tarapuanjoan ke kaantiman, rang tatha varnakram ka jnan prapt hai, unaki sankhya kul sankhya ke 10 pratishat se adhik nahian hai. tathapi yah pata chala hai ki inamean pray: chamak tatha rang mean paraspar sanbandh hai. chamak tatha rang ke adhyayan se hamean jnat lanbanoan ke kuchh samipavarti tare jnat hue haian, jinaki chamak tatha varnakram puanj ke taroan ke saman haian. is tulana se ham puanj ke taroan ki bhautik visheshataoan ko jnat kar sakate haian. ek hi rang tatha varnakram ke samany taroan tatha puanj ke taroan ka vitaran ek sa nahian hai. is taratamy se yah jnat hota hai ki ki akashagangiy tarapuanj ke tare apekshakrit ne hai.[2]
golakar tarapuanj
inaka yah nam inaki goliy akriti ke karan p da hai. golakar tarapuanj svat: ek tarapranali haian, jinaka keandr hamari akashaganga ka keandr hai. sau se kuchh adhik golakar tarapuanj jnat haian. sanbhavat: inaki kul sankhya isase dooni n hogi. is prakar akashagangiy tarapuanjoan ki apeksha ye alpasankhyak haian. inamean omega seantari tatha 47-tukane dhuandhale, chakshudrishy, golakar tarapuanj haian.[2]
golakar tarapuanjoan ka vitaran
kuchh tarapuanjoan ko chho dakar pray: sabhi golakar tarapuanj akash ke adhe bhag me vidyaman haian, jinamean se lagabhag ek tihaee dhanu taramandal ke us pradesh mean haian jo poore akash ka lagabhag do pratishat hoga. akashaganga ko sooryakeandrit manane se is sthiti ka thik karan nahian milata tha, isaliye shaipli ne vishesh anusandhan se yah jnat kiya ki golakar tarapuanjoan ka keandr soory nahian, kiantu usase 27,000 prakashavarsh ki doori par dhanu taramandal ke pas hai.
dooriyaan
golakar tarapuanjoan mean upalabdh, ar ar laira taroan ki sahayata se inaki dooriyaan jnat ki gee haian. ab adhikash golakar tarapuanjo ki dooriyaan jnat ho chuki haian. inaki sahayata se inake drishy kaanti-man ke jnat hone par inaki poorn chamak ka jnan ho jata hai. atyant chamakile tarapuanjoan ka nirapeksh photographi kaanti-man lagabhag-10 tatha dhuandhale tarapuanjoan ka lagabhag-5 hai.
vegoan mean tivrata
atyant door hone ke karan golakar tarapuanjoan ki niji gati jnat karana kathin hai. en. yoo. meal [5] ne lagabhag 50 golakar tarapuanjoan ke aghyayan se jnat kiya ki inaka traijy veg + 290 se - 360 kimi0 prati sekand hai. isase pata chalata hai ki ye ati tivr veg varg ke piand haian. inamean upalabdh tivr-veg-varg ke tare - ar ar laira, ar bi t aauri tatha dabalyoo0 varjinis - bhi inake tivravegi hone ki pushti karate haian.[2]
golakar tarapuanjoan ki any visheshataean
golakar tarapuanjoan ke atyant chamakile tare lal rang ke danavakar hote haian, jinaka nirapeksh kaantiman - 3 ke lagabhag hota hai. in puanjoan ke + 4 nirapeksh kaantiman se dhuandhale taroan ke sanbandh mean abhi tak koee prakashit aank de nahian milate. in tarapuanjoan ke tare akashagangiy ghoornan mean bhag nahian lete. inaki apani dirdhavrittakar kakshaean hoti haian. inake tare apane gurutvakarshan kendr ke samip atyant ghane hote haian. inamean taratavarti gais ya dhool ke abhav ke karan ne taroan ka janm nahian hota h. sanbhavat: ek puanj ke sabhi tare ek hi ayu ke hote haian. p aaupuleshan dvitiy ke varg mean ane se yah spasht hai ki ye akashagangiy taroan se bahut purane haian.
in tarapuanjoan mean ek navatara tatha ek graham niharika ka bhi pata chala hai.
hamari akashaganga ki tarah any akashaganga pranali mean bhi golakar tarapuanj upalabdh hue haian. devayani ki sarpil akashaganga mean lagabhag 200 golakar tarapuanj mile haian. maigelainik meghoan mean bhi golakar tarapuanjoan sarikhe tarapuanj dikhalaee p de haian.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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