तीर्थंकर उपदेश
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tirthankar-upadesh : dvadashaangashrut
- 24 tirthankaroan ne apane-apane samay mean dharm marg se chyut ho rahe jan samuday ko sanbodhit kiya aur use dharm marg mean lagaya. isi se inhean dharm marg-moksh marg ka neta tirth pravarttak-tirthankar kaha gaya hai.
- jain siddhant ke anusar 'tirthankar' nam ki ek puny, prashast karm prakriti hai. usake uday se tirthankar hote aur ve tattvopadesh karate haian.
- achary vidyanand ne spasht kaha hai[1] ki 'bina tirthankaratven namna narthopadeshana' arthath bina tirthankar-punyanamakarm ke tattvopadesh sanbhav nahian hai.[2]
- in tirthankaroan ka vah upadesh jin shasan, jinagam, jinashrut, dvadashaang, jin pravachan adi namoan se ullikhit kiya gaya hai. unake is upadesh ko unake pramukh evan pratibhashali shishy vishayavar bhinn-bhinn prakaranoan mean nibaddh ya grathit karate haian. atev use 'prabandh' evan 'granth' bhi kahate haian. unake upadesh ko nibaddh karane vale ve pramukh shishy jainavanamay mean ganadhar kahe jate haian. ye ganadhar atyant sookshmabuddhi ke dharak evan vishisht kshayopasham vale hote haian. unaki dharanashakti aur smaranashakti asadharan hoti hai.
- inake dvara nibaddh vah upadesh 'dvadashang-angapravisht' kaha jata hai.[3]
- aangapravisht ke vishayakram se 12 bhed haian jinaki mool 'aang agam' sanjna hai. ve haian:-
- acharaang,
- sootrakritaang,
- sthanaang,
- samavayaang,
- vyakhyaprajnapti,
- jnatridharmakatha,
- upasakadhyayan,
- aant:kritdashaang,
- anuttaraupapadikadashaang,
- prashnavyakaran,
- vipakasootr aur
- drishtivad.
- inamean antim 12vean drishtivad aang ke 5 bhed haian-
- parikarm,
- sootr,
- prathamanuyog,
- poorvagat aur
- choolika.
- parikarm ke 5 bhed ye haian-
- chandraprajnapti,
- sooryaprajnapti,
- jamboodvipaprajnapti,
- dvipasagaraprajnapti, aur
- vyakhyaprajnapti (yah 5vean aang vyakhyaprajnapti se bhinn hai).
- poorvagat ke 14 bhed is prakar haian-
- utpad,
- agrayaniy,
- viryanuvad,
- astinastipravad,
- jnanapravad,
- satyapravad,
- atmapravad,
- karmapravad,
- pratyakhyan pravad,
- vidyanuvad,
- kalyanavad,
- pranavay,
- kriyavishal aur
- lokabindusar.
- choolika ke 5 bhed haian –
- jalagata,
- sthalagata,
- mayagata,
- roopagata aur
- akashagata.
- inamean unake namanusar vishayoan ka varnan hai.[4]
- aangapravisht upadesh ganadharoan dvara nibaddh kiya jata hai.[5]
- aangabahy upadesh usake adhar se unake shishyoan-prashishyoan, acharyo dvara racha jata hai.[6]
- isase vah aangabahy kaha jata hai, kintu pramanikata ki drishti se donoan hi prakar ka shrut saman hai, kyoanki usake upadeshta bhi parampara se tirthankar hi mane jate haian.
- is aangabahy jinopadesh ke 14 bhed haian. ve is prakar haian:-[7]
- samayik,
- chaturvianshatistav,
- vandana,
- pratikraman,
- vainayik,
- kritikarm,
- dashavaikalik,
- uttaradhyayan,
- kalpavyavahar,
- kalpakalpy,
- mahakalp,
- pundarik,
- mahapundarik aur
- nishiddhika.
- is aangabahy shrut mean shramanachar ka mukhyataya varnan hai.
- uttarakal mean alpamedha ke dharak uttaravarti achary isi shrut ka ashray lekar apane vividh granthoan ki rachana karate haian aur unake dvara usi jinopadesh ko jan-jan tak pahuanchane ka prashast prayas karate haian tatha kshetriy bhashaoan mean bhi use grathit karate haian. inaka srot (mool) tirthankar-upadesh hone se unhean bhi praman mana jata hai.
upalabdh shrut
- pratham tirthankar rrishabhadev ka shrut tirthankar ajit tak, ajit ka sambhav tak aur sambhav ka abhinandan tak, is tarah poorv tirthankar ka shrut uttaravarti agale tirthankar tak raha. teisavean tirthankar parshv ka dvadashaang shrut tab tak raha, jab tak mahavir tirthankar dharmopadeshta nahian hue. aj jo aanshik dvadashaang shrut upalabdh hai vah aantim 24 vean tirthankar mahavir se sanbaddh hai. any sabhi tirthankaroan ka shrut lekh baddh n hone tatha smritidharakoan ke n rahane se nasht ho chuka hai. varddhaman mahavir ka dvadashaang shrut bhi poora upalabdh nahian hai. prarambh mean vah achary-shishy parampara mean smriti ke adhar par vidyaman raha. uttar kal mean smritidharakoan ki smriti mand p d jane par use nibaddh kiya gaya.
- digambar parampara ke[8] anusar vartaman mean jo shrut upalabdh haian vah 12vean aang drishtivad ka kuchh aang haian, jo dharasenachary ko achary parampara se prapt tha aur jise unake shishy achary bhootabali aur pushpadant ne unase prapt kar shatkhandagam namak agam granth mean lekhabaddh kiya. shesh 11 aang aur 12vean aang ka bahubhag nasht ho chuka hai.
- shvetambar parampara[9] ke anusar achary kshamashraman devarddhigani ke nayakatv mean tisari aur antim balabhi vachana mean sankalit 11 aang maujood haian, jinhean digambar parampara mean many nahian kiya gaya. shvetambar parampara 12vean aang drishtivad ka samagr roop mean vichchhed svikar karati hai. jabaki digambar parampara kasayapahud aur shatkhandagam-in do agam granthoan ke adhar par is drishtivad ka kuchh jnan vartaman mean upalabdh manati hai, shesh pratham se lekar gyarahavean aang tak sabhi ka lop manati hai.
dharm, darshan aur nyay
- ukt shrut mean tirthankar mahavir ne jahaan dharm ka upadesh diya vahaan darshan aur nyay ka bhi upadesh diya hai. in tinoan mean bhed karate hue unhoanne bataya ki mukhyataya achar ka nam dharm hai. dharm ka jin vicharoan dvara samarthan evan sanposhan kiya jata hai, ve vichar darshan haian aur dharm ke sanposhan ke lie prastut vicharoan ko yukti-pratiyukti, khandan-mandan, prashn-uttar evan shanka-samadhanapoorvak dridh karana nyay pramanashastr hai.
in tinoan ke parthaky ko samajhane ke lie ham yahaan ek udaharan prastut karate haian. sab jivoan par daya karo, kisi jiv ki hiansa n karo athava saty bolo, asaty mat bolo adi vidhi aur nishedharoop achar ka nam dharm hai. jab isamean kyoan ka saval uthata hai to usake samarthan mean kaha jata hai ki jivoan par daya karana kartavy hai, gun (achchha) hai, puny hai aur isase sukh milata hai. kintu jivoan ki hiansa karana akartavy hai, dosh hai, pap hai aur usase du:kh milata hai. isi tarah saty bolana kartavy hai, gun hai, puny hai aur usase sukh milata hai.
- yadi ahiansa jiv ka svabhav n mana jae to koee bhi jiv jivit nahian rah sakata, sab sabake bhakshak ya ghatak ho jaeange. parivar mean, desh mean aur vishv ke rashtroan mean anavatar hiansa rahane par shanti aur sukh kabhi upalabdh nahian ho sakeange.
- isi prakar saty bolana manushy ka svabhav n mana jae to sansar mean avishvas chha jaega aur len-den adi ke sare lok-vyavahar lupt ho jaeange aur ve avishvasaniy ban javeange. is tarah dharm ke samarthan mean prastut vichar, roop, darshan ko dridh karana nyay, yukti ya pramanashastr hai.
- dharm jahaan sadachar ke vidhan aur asadachar ke nishedh ke roop haian vahaan darshan unamean karttavyakarttavy, punyapuny aur sukh-du:kh ka vivek jagrit karata hai tatha nyay darshan roop vicharoan ko hetu poorvak mastishk mean bitha deta hai.
- vastut: nyay shastr se darshan shastr ko jo dridhata milati hai vah sthayi, vivekayukt aur nirnayatmak hoti hai. yahi karan hai ki sabhi bharatiy jain, bauddh aur vaidik dharmoan mean darshan shastr aur nyay shastr ka prithakh-prithakh pratipadan kiya gaya hai tatha donoan ko mahattvapoorn sthan diya gaya hai. itana hi nahian, un par bal dete hue inhean vikasit evan samriddh kiya gaya hai.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑
rrishabhadimahavirantebhy: svatmopalabdhaye.
dharmatirthankarebhyoastu syadvadibhyo namonam:॥ akalank, laghiyastray, 1 - ↑ aptapariksha, karika 16
- ↑ vidyanand, aptapariksha, ka0 16
- ↑ akalank, tattvarthavartik, 1-20
- ↑ virasen, dhavalatika, pustak 1, pri0 108-112, jay dh0 pr0 pri0 93-122
- ↑ akalank, tattvarthavartik 1-20-12, pri0 72, bha0 jna0 sansk0 1944
- ↑ akalank, tattvarthavartik , bha0 jna0 sansk0 1944, 1-20-13, pri0 78
- ↑ virasen, jayadhavala, pri. 25, dhavala, pustak 1, pri0 96, go0 ji0 367
- ↑ virasen, dhavala, pu0 1, prastavana pri0 71, jayadh0 pri0 87