थियम
thiyam, jise 'kaliattam' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai, prachin samajik dharmik rasm hai jo keral mean ati prachin kal se manaee jati hai. 'kaliattam' shabd ka arth hai- "kali ke lie pavitr nrity pradarshan". kaliattam ko kabhi-kabhi 'thiyattam' se bhi sanbodhit kiya jata hai, kyoanki pratyek thira ya gaanv mean isaka vidhivat pradarshan hota tha. yah nam batata hai ki kaliattam dharmik aur samajik mahatv ka vishesh tyauhar tha.
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prachin samay mean keral ke har gaanv ka apana samany mandir tha, jise 'kavu' kaha jata tha aur isake samane kaliattam ka pradarshan anivary tha. 'kali' shabd ka arth malayalam mean 'suraksha' hai. kaliattam ka mahatv samajik ya parivarik suraksha ke lie pavitr nrity bhi ho sakata hai. dravi d ugr devi ke upasak the, jinhean 'kottavee' kaha jata hai. is devi ko santusht karane ke lie ek ajib nrity ka pradarshan kiya gaya tha. aisa kaha jata hai ki purane kottavee nrity ke pradarshan se hi kaliattam ki nianv p di. keral mukhy roop se shakti (bhagavati) ke upasakoan ki bhoomi hai aur kaliattam bad mean samajik sanrachana ka abhinn aang ban gaya.
keral ka uttari hissa, kolathiri (chirakal raja) ka prachin rajy, jise kolathirin ke nam se jana jata hai, vishesh roop se kali ki pooja ka gadh hai. isalie yah kolathunad (uttari malabar) hai, jahaan kaliattam keral ke kisi any bhag ki tulana mean adhik nikhara. is tarah kaliattam ki ek vistrit shrriankhala vikasit aur poshit huee. samay bitane ke sath kali ke vibhinn pahaluoan ko kolam ke vibhinn nayak aur nayikaoan ne paribhashit kiya. is prakar shankarachary ko pottam daivam, thacholi othenam ko puniyatu pataviran, kataangagot makka ko makkaputtu aur kalathiri milishiya ke mahan kamaandar ko vayanattukulavam ke roop mean pate haian. sankshep mean, kaliattam kolam sthayi roop aur vishesh gun hai aur nayak ke sath paramatma ki pooja kafi had tak vidhipoorvak ki jati hai.
kaliattam mean pratyek abhivyakti ko kolam ke roop mean jana jata hai. vastav mean kolam ka arth bhagavan, devi, nayak ya nayika ka roop ya akar hai jo svayan ke vishisht roopoan aur pratyek roop ka apana pratinidhi pahaloo hai. pratyek kolam ke is pahaloo ko chehara chitrakala mean bahar lana ek mushkil shilp kaushal aur kala ka advitiy kam hai. kuchh kolam paranpara ke k de niyamoan ke anusar apane chehare ko rangane mean ath se das ghante ka samay lete haian. isi tarah mukut, sir ki sajja, stan kavach, baanhoan ke gahane, choo diyaan, mala aur sabhi ooni aur sooti vastroan se vibhinn akar-prakar se susajjit kolam ko dekhana ashchary bhara hota hai. yah kaha jata hai ki kathakali ki advitiy sajavat isi se prerit hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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