दक्षिण भारत 1615-1656
1622 ke bad jab jahaangir ke viruddh shahazada shahajahaan ke vidroh ke karan dakkan mean avyavastha huee, to malik ambar ne mugaloan ke hathoan hare hue bahut se kshetr phir se jit lie. is prakar dakkan mean mugaloan ki sthiti ko sudridh karane ke jahaangir ke prayatn viphal ho gaye. kintu mugaloan ke sath shatruta ko phir se prarambh karane se ahamadanagar ko hue labh lambe samay tak bane rahe, yah sandehaspad hai. isase aisi sthiti paida ho gee thi ki shahajahaan ko nirnay karana p da ahamadanagar ke svatantr astitv ko mitane ke atirikt aur koee rasta nahian hai. 1626 mean 80 varsh ki ayu mean malik ambar ki mrityu ho gee. kintu usaki shatruta ki parampara ke k dave phal usake uttaradhikariyoan ko chabane p de.
ahamadanagar ka patan
shahajahaan 1627 mean gaddi par baitha. dakkan ke viruddh do abhiyanoan ka netritv karane tatha pita se vidroh ke samay vahaan kafi samay vyatit karane ke karan shahajahaan ko dakkan aur usaki rajaniti ka bahut vyaktigat jnan tha. shahanashah ke roop mean shahajahaan ka pahala kam nizamashahi shasak dvara chhine ge dakkani pradeshoan ko vapas lena tha. is kam ke lie usane purane aur anubhavi saradar khan-e-jahaan lodi ko niyukt kiya. kintu khan-e-jahaan apane prayatn mean asaphal hua aur use vapas darabar bula liya gaya. lekin usane jaldi hi vidroh kar diya aur nizamashah se mil gaya. nizamashah ne use barar aur balaghat ke shesh kshetroan se mugaloan ko khade dane ke lie niyukt kar diya. ek pramukh mugal saradar ko is prakar sharan dena ek aisi chunauti thi, jise shahajahaan nazaraandazanahian kar sakata tha. yah spasht tha ki maliq ambar ki mrityu ke bad bhi barar aur balaghat par mugal prabhutv ko svikar karane ki niti nizamashahi shasak ne chho di nahian thi. atah shahajahaan is nishkarsh par pahuancha ki dakkan mean mugaloan ke lie tab tak shanti sanbhav nahian hai, jab tak ki ahamadanagar ka svatantr astitv bana hua hai. yah nirnay akabar aur jahaangir ki niti se ekadam alag tha, phir bhi shahajahaan ki ruchi dakkan mean atyavashyak se adhik vistar karane ki nahian thi. atah bijapur ke shasak ke pas yah prastav bheja ki yadi vah ahamadanagar ke viruddh akraman mean mugaloan ka sahayog kare to riyasat ka ek-tihaee use de diya jayega. shahajahaan ki is chatur chal ka mantavy ahamadanagar ko rajanayik aur sainik star par akela karana tha. usane mugaloan ki sena mean sammilit karane ke lie maratha saradaroan ke pas bhi toh lene ke lie vyakti bheje.
shahajahaan ki saphalata
shahajahaan ko apane prayatnoan mean prarambhik saphalata mili. malik ambar ne apane abhiyanoan ke dauran kuchh mahattvapoorn bijapuri saradaroan ki hatya kar di thi. adilashah bhi malik ambar dvara naurasapur ko jalane aur sholapur ko chhin lene ke apaman se jal raha tha. atah usane shahajahaan ka prastav svikar kar liya aur nizamashahi sima par mugaloan ki sahayata ke lie sena tainat kar di. lagabhag isi samay ek mahattvapoorn maratha saradar lakhaji jadhav par mugaloan ke sath sh dayantr karane ka arop lagakar kapatata se mar dala gaya. jadhav jahaangir ke samay mugaloan ke sath mil gaya tha. lekin bad mean nizamashahi ki seva mean chala gaya tha. jadhav ki hatya ke parinamasvaroop usaka damad shahaji bhoansale (shivaji ka pita) apane sambandhiyoan ke sath mugaloan ke sath mil gaya. shahajahaan ne use panchahazari ka manasab diya aur use poona kshetr mean jagir di. kee aur mahattvapoorn maratha saradar bhi shahajahaan ke paksh mean ho gaye.
fateh khaan-shahajahaan ka samajhauta aur nizamashah ki hatya
1629 mean shahajahaan ne ahamadanagar ke viruddh vishal senayean tainat kar di. unamean se ek ko balaghat kshetr mean pashchim se akraman karana tha aur doosari ko telangana kshetr mean poorv se. unaki gatividhiyoan mean samanjasy banaye rakhane ke lie shahajahaan svayan burahanapur chala gaya. bhari dabav dalakar ahamadanagar riyasat ka b da hissa mugal adhikar mean le liya gaya. riyasat ki ek bahari chauki parenda par ghera dal diya gaya. ab nizamashah ne adilashah ke pas dayaniyata se bhari prarthana bheji aur kaha ki riyasat ka adhikaansh bhag pahale hi mugal adhikar mean hai, agar parenda ka bhi patan ho gaya to usaka arth hoga nizamashahi vansh ka ant. sath hi usane chetavani bhi di ki ahamadanagar ke bad bijapur ki bari ayegi. bijapur ke darabar mean, mugaloan ki tez gati ko dekhakar saradaroan ka shaktishali dal bechain tha. vastav mean sima par sthit bijapuri senaoan ne matr darshak ki haisiyat se sara ghatana-kram dikhaya. unhoanne mugal karravaee mean sakriy bhag nahian liya tha. doosari or mugaloan ne sandhi ke anusar ahamadanagar ke jite hue kshetroan ka ek tihaee adilashah ko dene se iankar kar diya tha. parinamatah adilashah ne pasa palata aur nizamashah ki sahayata karane ka nirnay kar liya. nizamashah ne use sholapur lauta dene ka vayada kiya tha. rajanitik paristhitiyoan ke is parivartan se vivash hokar mugaloan ne parenda ka ghera utha liya aur pichhe hat gaye. kintu tabhi ahamadanagar ki aantarik sthiti mugaloan ke hak mean ho gayi. malik ambar ke putr fateh khaan ko nizamashah ne kuchh samay poorv hi is asha se peshava niyukt kiya tha ki vah shahajahaan ko shanti ki sandhi ke lie prerit kar lega. lekin, fateh khaan ne shahajahaan se samajhauta kar liya aur usake kahane par usane nizamashah ki hatya kar di aur ek kathaputali ko gaddi par baitha diya gaya. usane mugal badashah ke nam se khutba bhi padha aur sikka bhi nikala. inam ke roop mean fateh khaan ko mugal seva mean le liya gaya aur use poona ke nikat vah jagir pradan kar di gee jo pahale shahaji ko di gee thi. isake parinamasvaroop shahaji ne mugaloan ka paksh chho d diya. yah ghatana 1632 mean ghati.
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ali adilashah ka uttaradhikari ibrahim adilashah dvitiy (1580-1627) keval nau varsh ki avastha mean gaddi par baitha. vah nirdhanoan ka bahut khyal rakhata tha aur use 'abala baba' arthath 'nirdhanoan ka mitr' kaha jata tha. sangit mean usaki gahari ruchi thi. usane ragoan par adharit gitoan ki ek pustak 'kitab-e-nauras' likhi thi. usane ek naye nagar ka nirman karavaya, jisaka nam 'naurasapur' rakha gaya aur vahaan basane ke lie anek sangitakaroan ko amantrit kiya gaya. apane gitoan mean usane bar-bar sangit aur jnan ki devi sarasvati ki vandana ki hai. apane vishal drishtikon ke karan vah "jagat guru" kahalata tha. usane hindoo santoan aur mandiroan sahit sabhi ko sanrakshan diya. usane vitobha ki bhakti ke kendr pandharapur ko bhi anudan diya. yah maharashtr mean bhakti aandolan ka kendr bana.
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fateh khaan ke samarpan ke pashchath shahajahaan ne mahabat khaan ko dakkan ka vayasaray niyukt kar diya aur svayan agara laut aya. bijapur aur sthaniy nizamashahi saradaroan ke sanyukt virodh ke karan mahabatakhaan ne svayan ko bahut kathin paristhitiyoan se ghira paya. bijapur ne daulatabad ke qile par zoradar dava kiya. isake lie bijapur ne fateh khaan ko bhi qile ke samarpan ke badale paisa dene ka lalach diya. aur sthanoan par bhi mugaloan ne apani sthiti ko banaye rakhana kathin paya.
mugaloan aur bijapur ka sangharsh
atah yah spasht hai ki parajit ahamadanagar ko apase mean baantane ke lie mugaloan aur bijapur mean vastav mean sangharsh tha. adilashah ne 1633 mean daulatabad se samarpan karavane tatha vahaan ki sena ko rasad pahuanchane ke lie radaula khaan aur murari pandit ke netritv mean ek vishal sena bheji. shahaji ko bhi mugaloan ko pareshan karane tatha unaki rasad katane ke lie bijapur ki seva mean le liya gaya tha. parantu bijapuri senaoan aur shahaji ki sammilit shakti saphal nahian ho saki. mahavatakhaan ne daulatabad ke ekadam nikat pahuanchakar ghera dal diya aur vahaan ki sena ko samarpan karane par vivash kar diya. nizamashah ko gvaliyar ki jel mean bhej diya gaya. isi se nizamashahi vansh ka ant ho gaya. lekin isase bhi mugaloan ki samasyaoan ka ant nahian hua. malik ambar ka anusaran karate hue shahaji ne ek nizamashahi shahazade ko dhooandh nikala aur use shasak bana diya. adilashah ne sat se ath hazar ghu dasavaroan ki sena shahaji ki sahayata ke lie bheji aur anek nizamashahi saradaroan ko apane qile shahaji ko samarpit karane ke lie prerit kiya. anek bikhare hue nizamashahi sipahi shahaji ki sena mean a gaye aur usaki sena bis hazar ghu dasavaroan tak pahuanch gayi. is sena ki sahayata se usane mugaloan ko kafi pareshan kiya aur ahamadanagar riyasat ke bahut se bhagoan par adhikar kar liya.
isake bad shahajahaan ne dakkan ki samasya par vyaktigat dhyan dene ka nirnay liya. usane yah samajh liya ki samasya ka mool karan bijapur ka rukh hai. isalie usane ek b di sena bijapur par akraman karane ke lie ravana ki aur sath hi adilashah ke pas is toh ke lie bhi doot bheje ki purani sandhi ko lagoo kare ahamadanagar riyasat ko bijapur aur mugaloan mean vibhajit kar liya jae.
shahajahaan ki sandhiyaan
lalach aur chh di ki is niti ka shahajahaan ke dakkan ki or kooch se bijapur ki niti mean ek aur parivartan hua. murari pandit sahit mugal virodhi dal ke netaoan ko apadasth karake mar dala gaya aur shahajahaan ke sath ek nayi sandhi ya ahamaname par hastakshar kiye ge. is sandhi ke anusar adilashah ne mugaloan ki prabhutta ko svikar kar liya. isake sath hi usane golakunda ke karyoan mean bhi hastakshep n karana svikar kiya, jo mugaloan ki suraksha mean tha. yah bhi tay kiya gaya ki bijapur aur golakunda ke bich sabhi bhavi vivad shahajahaan ki madhyasthata se hal hoange. adilashah ne yah bhi manjoor kiya ki shahaji ko kaboo mean karane ke lie vah mugaloan ke sath milakar kam karega aur shahaji dvara bijapur ki seva mean ana svikar kar lene par use mugal-sima se door dakshin mean tainat karega. in sabake badale mean bis lakh hoon (lagabhag assi lakh rupaye) salana ki ay vala ahamadanagar riyasat ka ek bhag bijapur ko de diya gaya. shahajahaan ne sandhi ki atootata ka vishvas dilane ke lie adilashah ke pas apani hatheli ki chhap laga kar pratijna karate hue ek faraman bhi bheja.
shahajahaan ne golakunda ke sath bhi ek sandhi karake dakkan ke mamaloan mean samajhaute ko antim roop diya. golakunda ke shasak ne khutbe se eeran ke shah ka nam nikal kar shahajahaan ka nam sammilit karana svikar kar liya. qutubashah ne mugal badashah ke prati vafadar rahane ka vachan diya. isake badale char lakh hoonoan ka vah kar jo pahale golakunda bijapur ko deta tha, maf kar diya gaya. suraksha ke badale mugal badashah ko do lakh hoon salana dene ki vyavastha rakhi gayi.
bijapur aur golakunda se 1636 ki ye sandhiyaan rajanitijnochit thian. vastutah inake madhyam se shahajahaan ne akabar ke antim lakshyoan ko poorn kiya. desh ke ek kone se doosare kone tak mugaloan ki prabhutta svikar kar li gayi thi. mugaloan ke sath shanti sandhi ne dakkani riyasatoan ko dakshin ki or apane vistar ka aur agale do dashakoan mean unhean apani shakti aur samriddhi ki charam sima tak pahuanchane ka avasar pradan kiya.
1636 ki sandhi ke bad ke dashak mean bijapur aur golakunda ne krishna nadi se tanjaur aur usase bhi age ke samriddh aur upajaoo kshetr ko rauand dala. is kshetr mean kee chhoti-chhoti svatantr hindoo riyasatean bhi thian jinamean se bahut namamatr ko hi vijayanagar ke bhootapoorv raja rayal ke prati vafadar thi. jaise tanjaur, maduree aur jianji ke nayakoan ki riyasatean. in riyasatoan ke viruddh bijapur aur golakunda ne lagatar kee akraman kie. shahajahaan ki madhyasthata se unhoanne yah samajhauta kar liya ki vijit pradesh aur loot ko do aur ek ke anupat se vibhajit kar liya jayega. do-tihaee bijapur ka bhag tha aur ek-tihaee golakunda ka. in donoan ke madhy anek jhag doan ke bavajood dakshin mean vijayoan ka kram jari raha.
shahaji aur shivaji
is prakar bahut kam samay mean hi in donoan riyasatoan ka kshetraphal dogune se bhi adhik ho gaya aur ye apani shakti aur samriddhi ki charam sima par pahuanch gayian. yadi ye shasak jite hue pradeshoan mean apani sthiti mazaboot banaye rakh sakate, to dakkan mean ek lamba shanti kal sthapit ho sakata tha. durbhagy se tezi se hue vistar ke karan in donoan riyasatoan mean bacha-khucha aantarik samanjasy bhi samapt ho gaya. bijapur mean mahattvakaankshi saradar shahaji aur usake putr shivaji ne tatha golakunda mean pramukh saradar mir jumala ne apane-apane prabhav kshetr banane shuroo kar die. mugaloan ne bhi dekha ki dakkan mean shanti santulan big d gaya hai. unhoanne bhi vistaravadi karravaee ke samay kripapoorvak tatasth bane rahane ki kimat maangi. 1656 mean muhammad adilashah ki mrityu aur dakkan mean aurangazeb ke mugal vayasaray ban kar a jane se ye paristhitiyaan poori tarah se paripakv ho gayian.
dakkani riyasatoan ko anek saanskritik yogadanoan ka kshetr mana jata hai. ali adilashah, hindoo aur musalaman santoan se charchaean karana pasand karata tha. use 'soofi' ke roop mean jana jata tha. usane apane darabar mean akabar se kahian pahale eesaee dharm pracharakoan ko amantrit kiya tha. usake pas bahut samriddh pustakalay tha. jisamean usane sanskrit ke prasiddh achary vaman pandit ko niyukt kiya tha. sanskrit aur marathi ko sanrakshan dene ki parampara ka palan usake uttaradhikariyoan ne bhi kiya.
ibrahim adilashah dvitiy
ali adilashah ka uttaradhikari ibrahim adilashah dvitiy (1580-1627) keval nau varsh ki avastha mean gaddi par baitha. vah nirdhanoan ka bahut khyal rakhata tha aur use 'abala baba' arthath 'nirdhanoan ka mitr' kaha jata tha. sangit mean usaki gahari ruchi thi. usane ragoan par adharit gitoan ki ek pustak 'kitab-e-nauras' likhi thi. usane ek naye nagar ka nirman karavaya, jisaka nam 'naurasapur' rakha gaya aur vahaan basane ke lie anek sangitakaroan ko amantrit kiya gaya. apane gitoan mean usane bar-bar sangit aur jnan ki devi sarasvati ki vandana ki hai. apane vishal drishtikon ke karan vah "jagat guru" kahalata tha. usane hindoo santoan aur mandiroan sahit sabhi ko sanrakshan diya. usane vitobha ki bhakti ke kendr pandharapur ko bhi anudan diya. yah maharashtr mean bhakti aandolan ka kendr bana.
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