दियासलाई

thumb|250px|diyasalaee diyasalaee ya 'machis' tatkshanik agni prajvalit karane vali lak di ki shalaka ko kahate haian, jisake sire par masala laga hota hai aur jo gharshan ya rasayanik padarthoan ke sanpark se jal jati hai. ise machis bhi kaha jata hai. manushy ki sabase pahali samasya sanbhavat: ag utpann karane ki thi. sabase pahale sanbhavat: lak di ke do tuk doan ko rag dakar ag utpann ki gee thi. phir patthar aur lohe se ag utpann hone lagi. chakamak patthar ko lohe se rag dakar chinagari utpann karane aur chinagari se kap da, gandhak ya any shighr ag pak dane vali vastuoan ko prajvalit karane ka prayas diyasalaee nirman ki pahali sidhi thi. is kam ke lie chakamak patthar ka upayog 1847 ee. tak hota rah hai. pahale jo diyasalaiyaan banati thian unamean gandhak rahata tha, pichhe adhunik diyasalaee ka nirman shuroo hua.

itihas

barthole ne pahale pahal ag utpann karane ke lie potasiyam kloret aur salaphyoorik aml ka upayog kiya tha. potasiyam klaret chini aur goand mean milakar lak di ki shalaka ke ek sire par laga hota tha. use salaphyoorik aml mean dubane se shalaka jal uthati thi. ph aausphoras ke avishkar ke bad gharshan diyasalaee ka avishkar ianglaiand ke j aaun vakar dvara 1826 ee. mean hua. lak di ki shalaka ke sire par eantimani salphaid, potasiyam kloret, babool ka goand ya starch lage rahate the. use regamal par rag dane se masala jal uthata tha, usase chinagariyaan chhitakatian aur chhote-chhote visphot hote the. gandhak ke jalane ke karan gandh b di aruchikar hoti thi. san 1832 mean phraans mean aiantimani salphaid ke sthan mean ph aausphoras ka prayog shuroo hua. isase gandhak ki aruchikar gandh to jati rahi par ph aausphoras ke jalane se bana dhuaan bahut vishaila siddh hua aur aise karakhanoan mean kam karane vale shramikoan mean parigalan rog phailane laga aur anek log marane lage. pit ph aausphoras ka upayog aj qanoon se varjit hai. pit ph aausphoras ke sthan par ab avishakt ph aausphoras seskkisalphaid ka prayog shuroo hua. phir lal ya akristala ph aausphoras ka pata laga, jo bilakul vishaila nahian hota. phir ph aausphoras ke sthan par bahut dinoan tak isi ka upayog diyasalaee banane mean hota raha. aisi diyasalaee kisi rukh de tal par rag dane se jal uthati hai. isake bad nirapad diyasalaee ka avishkar hua. isamean kuchh masale shalaka ke sire par rahate haian aur kuchh masale baks par rahate haian. isase diyasalaee keval baks ke tal par rag dane se jalati hai, anyatha nahian.

diyasalaee ka nirman

pahale diyasalaee ka nirman hathoan se hota tha. shalaka hathoan se hi banati thi aur hathoan se hi usake sire par masale baithae jate the. unake vaks bhi hathoan se hi banate the. aisi sthiti 18 vian shati ke madhy tak thi. usake bad mashinoan ka upayog shuroo hua. diyasalaee banane ke samast kary mashinoan se hote haian, lak di ka chirakar shalaka banana, lak di se baks banana, shalaka par masala baithana aur sukhana, baks par masala baithana aur lebal chipakana, baksoan mean shalakaean bharana ityadi samast kary mashinoan se hote haian. ek ghante mean ye sare kam sanpann hokar lagabhag 3.000 baks shalakaoan se bhar kar mashin se nikal ate haian. thumb|250px|diyasalaee ki tili shalaka banane ke lie chi d ka kath prayukt hota tha. par ab aisa koee bhi kath prayukt ho sakata hai jisase shalaka jald aur achchhi ban sakati ho aur jisaki shalaka jaldi toote nahian.

shalaka ko aimoniyam ph aausphet aml ke vilayanoan mean dubakar isase jalane par shalaka se vibha nahian utpann hoti. phir usake sire ke pighale pairaphin mom mean dubate haian. yah mom jvalavahak ka kam karata hai. ab mom lage sire par ph aausphoras saiskkisalphaid ya tetraph aausphoras traisalphaid, potasiyam kloret, goand, kachachoorn aur rang ke mishran baithakar sukha die jate haian. vahaan se shalaka ek paribhrami droni mean jakar baks mean bhar di jati hai. baks par kagaz ya lebal chipaka die jate haian aur parshv tal par rag dane vala masala baithaya jata hai. masale mean lal ya akristali ph aausphoras, aiantimani salphaid, kach ka choora , goand aur rang laga rahata hai.

diyasalaee ke karakhane

diyasalaee ka nirman bharat mean 1895 ee. se aranbh hua. pahala karakhana ahamadabad mean aur phir 1909 ee. mean kalakatta mean khula tha. lagabhag 200 chhote b de karakhane kam kar rahe haian. 1921 ee. tak shalaka aur baks ki lak diyaan prayukt hone lagian. svidan ki ek maich mainyuphaikchariang kanpani ne bharat mean diyasalaee nirman ka ek karakhana khola. yah kanpani 'vestarn iandiya maich kanpani' ke nam se kary kar rahi hai. isake adhikaansh sheyaradhari ab bharatiy haian. 1826 ee. mean bharat sarakar ne diyasalaee ke karakhanoan ko sanrakshan diya, par sath hi utpadan shulk bhi laga diya hai. 40, 60 aur 80 shalakaoan vale baksoan ke prati gurus baks par kramash: ek, dedh aur do rupe utpadan shulk lagata hai. phir bharat sarakar ne diyasalaee ka mooly bhi nirdharit kar diya taki usaka mooly bazaroan mean n badhe aur usaki chor bazari n ho. bharat mean keval paanch hi karakhane aise haian jinaka samast kary mashinoan se hota hai. shesh karakhanean ya to adhe mashinavale haian athava unamean keval hathoan se kam hota hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

mool path srot: diyasalaee (hindi) (pi.ech.pi) bharatakhoj. abhigaman tithi: 4 mee, 2012.