देवकीनन्दन खत्री
devakinandan khatri
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| poora nam | devakinandan khatri |
| janm | 29 joon, 1861 ee. |
| janm bhoomi | mujaffarapur, bihar |
| mrityu | 1 agast, 1913 ee. |
| mrityu sthan | kashi (vartaman banaras) |
| karm bhoomi | bharat |
| karm-kshetr | sahity |
| mukhy rachanaean | 'chandrakaanta', 'chandrakaanta santati', 'bhootanath', 'kajar ki kothari', 'nareandr-mohini' adi. |
| bhasha | urdoo, farasi, hindi, sanskrit, aangrezi |
| prasiddhi | upanyasakar |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | hindi ke suprasiddh upanyas lekhak shri vriandavanalal varma ne devakinandan khatri ko "hindi ka shirazi" kaha hai. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
devakinandan khatri (aangrezi: Devaki Nandan Khatri, janm- 29 joon, 1861 ee.; bihar; mrityu- 1 agast, 1913 ee., banaras) hindi ke pratham tilismi lekhak the. unhoanne 'chandrakaanta', 'chandrakaanta santati', 'kajar ki kothari', 'nareandr-mohini', 'kusum kumari', 'vireandr vir', 'gupt goanda', 'katora bhar' aur 'bhootanath' jaisi rachanaean kian. 'bhootanath' ko unake putr 'durga prasad khatri' ne poora kiya tha. hindi bhasha ke prachar-prasar mean unake upanyas 'chandrakaanta' ka bahut b da yogadan raha hai. is upanyas ne sabaka man moh liya tha. is kitab ka rasasvadan karane ke lie kee gair-hindibhashiyoan ne hindi bhasha sikhi. baboo devakinandan khatri ne 'tilism', 'aiyyar' aur 'aiyyari' jaise shabdoan ko hindi bhashiyoan ke bich lokapriy bana diya.[1]
'jitane hindi pathak unhoanne (baboo devakinandan khatri ne) utpann kiye utane kisi aur granthakar ne nahian.[2]
jivani
devakinandan khatri ji ka janm 29 joon, 1861 (ashadh krishna paksh saptami sanvath 1918) shanivar ko poosa, mujaffarapur, bihar mean hua tha. unake pita ka nam 'lala eeshvaradas' tha. unake poorvaj panjab ke nivasi the aur mugaloan ke rajy kal mean ooanche padoan par kary karate the. maharaj ranajit sianh ke putr sherasianh ke shasan kal mean lala eeshvaradas kashi (adhunik banaras) akar bas gaye. devakinandan khatri ji ki prarambhik shiksha urdoo-farasi mean huee thi. bad mean unhoanne hindi, sanskrit evan aangrezi ka bhi adhyayan kiya.
vyavasay ki shuruat
mujaffarapur devakinandan khatri ke nana-nani ka nivas sthan tha. apake pita 'lala eeshvaradas' apani yuvavastha mean lahaur se kashi ae the aur yahian rahane lage the. devakinandan khatri ka vivah mujaffarapur mean hua tha, aur gaya zile ke tikari rajy mean achchha vyavasay tha. aranbhik shiksha samapt kar ve 'tekari istet' pahuanch gaye aur vahaan ke raja ke yahaan kary karane lage. bad mean unhoanne varanasi mean ek priantians pres ki sthapana ki aur 1883 mean hindi masik patr 'sudarshan' ko prarambh kiya.[[chitr:Chandarkanta.jpg|thumb|chandrakanta|left]]
lekhan ki prerana
kuchh dinoan bad unhoanne maharaj banaras se chakiya aur naugadh ke jangaloan ka theka le liya tha. is karan se devakinandan ki yuvavastha adhikatar ukt jangaloan mean hi biti thi. devakinandan khatri bachapan se hi ghoomane ke bahut shaukin the. is thekedari ke kary se unhean paryapt ay hone ke sath-sath ghoomane phirane ka shauq bhi poora hota raha. vah lagatar kee-kee dinoan tak chakiya evan naugadh ke bih d jangaloan, paha diyoan aur prachin aitihasik imaratoan ke khandaharoan ki khak chhanate rahate the. bad mean jab unase jangaloan ke theke vapis le lie gaye, tab inhian jangaloan, paha diyoan aur prachin aitihasik imaratoan ke khandaharoan ki prishthabhoomi mean apani tilism tatha aiyyari ke karanamoan ki kalpanaoan ko mishrit kar unhoanne 'chandrakanta' upanyas ki rachana ki. inhian jaganloan aur unake khandaharoan se devakinandan khatri ko prerana mili thi, jisane 'chandrakaanta', 'chandrakaanta santati', 'bhootanath' aise aiyyari aur tilasmi upanyasoan ki rachana karaee, jisane apako hindi sahity mean amar bana diya. apake sabhi upanyasoan ka sara rachana tantr bilakul maulik aur svatantr hai. is tilasmi tatv mean apane apane chatury aur buddhi-kaushal se aiyyari vala vah tatv bhi mila diya tha, jo bahut kuchh bharatiy hi hai. yah param prasiddh bat hai ki 19vian shatabdi ke aant mean lakhoan pathakoan ne bahut hi chav aur ruchi se apake upanyas padhe aur hazaroan adamiyoan ne keval apake upanyas padhane ke lie hindi sikhi. yahi karan hai ki hindi ke suprasiddh upanyas lekhak shri vriandavanalal varma ne apako hindi ka 'shirazi' kaha hai.
chandrakaanta ki rachana
baboo devakinandan khatri ne jab upanyas likhana prarambh kiya, us samay mean adhikatar hindoo log bhi urdoo bhasha hi janate the. is prakar ki paristhitiyoan mean khatri ji ne mukhy lakshy banaya, aisi rachana karana jisase devanagari hindi ka prachar v prasar ho. yah itana saral kary nahian tha. kiantu unhoanne aisa kar dikhaya. 'chandrakanta' upanyas itana lokapriy hua ki us samay jo log hindi likhana-padhana nahian janate the ya keval urdoo bhasha hi janate the, unhoanne keval is upanyas ko padhane ke lie hindi sikhi isi lokapriyata ko dhyan mean rakh kar unhoanne isi katha ko age badhate hue doosara upanyas 'chandrakanta santati' likha, jo 'chandrakanta' ki apeksha adhik rochak tha. in upanyasoan ko padhate samay pathak khana-pina bhi bhool jate the. in upanyasoan ki bhasha itani saral hai ki paanchavian kaksha ke chhatr bhi in pustakoan ko padh lete haian. pahale do upanyasoan ke 2000 prishth se adhik hone par bhi, ek bhi kshan aisa nahian ata, jahaan pathak oob jaean.
pramukh rachanaean
[[chitr:Chandrakanta-santatai.jpg|thumb|150px|chandrakanta santati]]
- chandrakanta (1888 - 1892): chandrakanta upanyas ko padhane ke liye lakhoan logoan ne hindi sikhi. yah upanyas char bhagoan mean vibhakt hai. pahala prasiddh upanyas chandrakaanta sanh 1888 ee. mean kashi mean prakashit hua tha. usake charo bhagoan ke kuchh hi dinoan mean kee sanskaran ho ge the.
- chandrakanta santati (1894 - 1904): chandrakanta ki abhootapoorv saphalata se prerit ho kar devakinandan khatri ne chaubis bhagoan vale vishal upanyas chandrakanta santati ki rachana ki. unaka yah upanyas bhi atyadhik lokapriy hua.
- bhootanath (1907 - 1913) (apoorn): chandrakanta santati ke ek patr ko nayak bana kar devakinandan khatri ji ne is upanyas ki rachana ki. kintu asamayik mrityu ke karan vah is upanyas ke keval chhah bhagoan hi likh paye. age ke shesh pandrah bhag unake putr 'durgaprasad khatri' ne likh kar poore kiye. 'bhootanath' bhi kathavastu ki antim k di nahian hai. isake bad baboo durgaprasad khatri likhit 'rohatas math' (do khandoan mean) ata hai .
any rachanaean
- kusum kumari
- virendr vir urph katora bhar khoon
- kajar ki kothari
- anoothi begam
- narendr mohini
- gupt godana
- lahari pres
[[chitr:Bhootnath-devkinandan-khatri.jpg|thumb|150px|bhootanath]] chandrakaanta se utsahit hokar apane chandrakaanta santati, likhana aranbh kar diya jisake kul 24 bhag haian. das varsho mean hi bahut adhik kirti aur yash sanpadit kar chukane par aur apani rachanaoan ka itana adhik prachar dekhane par sanh 1898 ee mean apane apane niji pres ki sthapana ki. ap sada se svabhavat: bahut hi 'lahari' arthath manamauji aur vinodapriy the. isilie devakinandan khatri ne apane pres ka nam bhi 'lahari pres' rakha tha. devakinandan khatri ke upanyasoan mean kee aiyyaroan aur patroan ke jo nam ae haian ve sab apane apani mitramandali mean se hi chune the aur is prakar unhoanne apane anek ghanisht mitroan aur sangi sathiyoan ko apani rachanaoan ke dvara amar bana diya tha.
hindi sahity mean sthan
devakinandan khatri ki sabhi kritiyoan mean manoranjan ki jo itani adhik kautoohalavardhak aur rochak samagri milati hai, usaka sara shrey devakinandan khatri ke anokhe aur apratim buddhibal ka hi hai. hindi ke aupanyasik kshetr ka apane aranbh hi nahian kiya tha, usamean unhoanne bahut hi uchch, ujjval aur bejo d sthan bhi prapt kar liya tha. bharateandu ke uparaant ap pratham aur sarvadhik prakashaman tare ke roop mean hindi sahity mean ae the.
nidhan
khed hai ki devakinandan khatri ne adhik ayu nahian paee aur pray: 52 varsh ki avastha mean hi kashi mean 1 agast, 1913 ko ap paralokavasi ho ge.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ devakinandan khatri (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 24mee, 2011.
- ↑ achary ramachandr shukl, hindi sahity ka itihas, kashi, sanvath 2012 vi॰, pri॰ 499) .
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh