दो बीघा ज़मीन
do bigha zamin
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| nirdeshak | bimal r aauy |
| nirmata | bimal r aauy |
| lekhak | salil chaudhari (kahani), p aaul mahendr (hindi varta), rrishikesh mukharji (paridrishy) |
| kalakar | balaraj sahani, nirupa ray, ratan kumar, murad, rajalakshmi |
| prasiddh charitr | shambhu |
| sangit | salil chaudhari |
| gitakar | shailendr |
| gayak | lata mangeshakar, muhammad rafi aur manna de |
| prasiddh git | aja ri a niandiya too a |
| chhayaankan | kamal bos |
| sanpadan | rrishikesh mukharji |
| vitarak | shimaro vidiyo praivet limited |
| pradarshan tithi | 1953 |
| avadhi | 142 minat |
| bhasha | hindi |
| puraskar | filmafeyar- sarvashreshth film, sarvashreshth nirdeshak puraskar; samajik pragati ke lie puraskar |
| any janakari | film ka nam 'do bigha zamin' raviandranath taigor ki isi nam ki kavita se rakha gaya tha. film ke kathanak ke hisab se bhi isase upayukt nam doosara nahian tha. |
do bigha zamin (aangrezi: Do Bigha Zameen) 1953 mean bani prasiddh hindi film hai. yah prasiddh film nirdeshak bimal r aauy dvara nirdeshit hai. balaraj sahani aur nirupa r aauy ne is film mean mukhy bhoomika nibhaee. film ke vishay mean kaha jata hai ki yah ek samajavadi film hai aur bharat ke samanaantar sinema ke praranbh mean mahattvapoorn filmoan mean se ek hai. is film se sangitakar salil chaudhari the. 'do bigha zamin' ki kahani salil chaudhari ne hi likhi thi. bharatiy kisanoan ki durdasha par kendrit is film ko hindi ki mahanatam filmoan mean gina jata hai. itali ke nav yatharthavadi sinema se prerit vimal da ki do bigha zamin ek aise garib kisan ki kahani hai jo shahar chala jata hai. shahar akar vah riksha khianchakar rupaye kamata hai taki vah rehan p di zamin ko chhu da sake. garib kisan aur riksha chalak ki bhoomika mean balaraj sahani ne behatarin abhinay kiya hai. vyavasayik taur par 'do bigha zamin' bhale hi kuchh khas saphal nahian rahi lekin is film ne vimal da ki aantarrashtriy pahachan sthapit kar di. is film ke lie unhoanne kaans film mahotsav aur karlovi vairi film samaroh mean puraskar jita. is film ne hindi sinema mean vimal ray ke pair jama diye. 'do bigha zamin' ke lie bimal ray ko sarvashreshth nirdeshan ka pahala film feyar avard diya gaya.
kathavastu
kahani mean shambhu kisan (balaraj sahani), usaki patni paro (nirupa ray) v putr kanhaiya (ratan kumar) mukhy patr hai. film ki kahani mean gaanv mean bhayanak akal p dane ke bad barish hoti hai jisase sabhi khush ho jate haian. gaanv ka zamiandar haraman sianh shahar ke thekedar se gaanv mean zamin bechane ka sauda kar leta hai. vah shambhu, (jo do bigha zamin ka malik hai) se bhi zamin bechane ke lie kahata hai.
thumb|left|220px|do bigha zamin
Do Bigha Zamin
haraman sianh ko bahut vishvas tha ki vah shambhu ki zamin kharid lega. shambhu ne zamiandar se kee bar paisa udhar liya tha jise vah chuka nahian paya tha. haraman sianh ne shambhu se us rrin ke badale mean apani zamin dene ke lie kaha. shambhu ne use apani zamin dene se mana kar diya kyoanki vah zamin usaki jivika thi. haraman sianh dukhi ho gaya. haraman sianh ne agale hi din shambhu se udhar liya paisa chukane ke lie kaha. shambhu vapas akar apane pita v bete ki sahayata se rrin ki rakam 65 rupaye nikalata hai. shambhu apane ghar ka sab kuchh bechakar paisoan ki vyavastha karata hai aur paise chukane zamiandar ke pas jata hai. vahaan shambhu yah janakar hairan ho jata hai ki rrin ki rashi 235 rupaye hai. lekhakar se huee bhool ko nipatane ke lie shambhu adalat jata hai v lekhakar se huee bhool ko batata hai. vahaan shambhu muqadama har jata hai. adalat phaisala sunata hai ki shambhu tin mahine ke andar apana rrin chuka de anyatha usaki zamin ki nilami kar di jayegi.
[[chitr:Do-Bigha-Zamin-1.jpg|thumb|220px|left|murad (haraman sianh) aur balaraj sahani (shambhu)
Murad (Harman Singh) And Balraj Sahni (Shambhu)]]
shambhu paisa vapas karane ke lie kalakatta jata hai vahaan vah ek riksha chalak ban jata hai tatha usaka beta kanhaiya ek mochi ban jata hai. tin mahine bit jate haian. rrin chukane ka din qarib ane par shambhu zyada paisa kamane ke lie bahut tezise riksha khianchata hai. riksha se pahiya nikal jata hai v shambhu ki durghatana ho jati hai. apane pita ki halat ko dekhakar kanhaiya chori karana chaloo kar deta hai. jab shambhu ko kanhaiya ke bare mean pata chalata hai to vah use bahut bura-bhala kahata hai. idhar shambhu ki patni ko shambhu aur kanhaiya ke bare mean sochakar chinta hoti hai. vah un donoan ko dhoodhane ke lie shahar a jati hai vahaan usaka kar se durghatana ho jati hai. shambhu sara jama kiya hua paisa usake ilaj mean laga deta hai. gaanv mean shambhu ki zamin ki nilami ho jati hai kyoanki shambhu paisa chukane mean asamarth ho jata hai. zamin zamiandar haraman sianh ke pas chali jati hai aur vahaan karakhane ka kam chaloo ho jata hai. shambhu aur usaka parivar gaanv mean apani zamin dekhane ata hai. vahaan zamin ki jagah karakhana dekhakar bahut dukhi ho jata hai tatha muththi bhar gandagi karakhane par phaiankata hai. vahaan karakhane ke suraksha karmi use bahar nikal dete haian. film khatm ho jati hai tatha shambhu v usaka parivar vahaan se chala jata hai.
balaraj sahani ka abhinay
[[chitr:Do-Bigha-Zamin-4.jpg|thumb|250px|balaraj sahani (shambhu) riksha chalate hue
Balraj Sahni (Shambhu) As Richshaw Puller]]
"do bigha zamin" mean balaraj sahani ki bhoomika ek riksha chalak ki thi. balaraj sahani padhe-likhe shahari the aur riksha-chalak hota hai, bepadha dehati. vah sochane lage ki unaki bhoomika kahian darshakoan ko banavati n lage. balaraj sahani ne "do bigha zamin" mean abhinay ki taiyari ke lie ek anootha tariqa nikala. at: unhoanne usaki pariksha karane ka ek anokha dhang nikala.
unhoanne riksha-chalak ke kap de pahane aur idhar-udhar ghoomate hue ek pan vale ki dukan par pahuanche. tho di der tak ek or ko chupachap kh de rahane ke bad unhoanne panava di se dehati bhav-bhangima mean kaha, "bhaiya, sigaret ka ek paiket dena."
panava di ne nigah uthakar dekha, samane ek adami kh da hai, jisake sir par ek aangochha lipata hai aur badan par dehati adami ke kap de. usane use dutakarate hue kaha, "ja-ja, b da aya hai sigaret lene vala!"
balaraj sahani ko usake vyavahar se b di khushi huee aur unhean bharosa ho gaya ki vah b di khoobi se riksha-chalak ki bhoomika ada kar sakeange. vah film b di saphal huee aur usaka shrey mila riksha-chalak ki bhoomika nibhane ke lie balaraj sahani ko.[1]
nirman
balaraj sahani aur nirupa r aauy ke mukhy bhoomika vali is kahani mean ek aise kisan ki majabooriyaan dikhaee gee haian jo apani 'do bigha zamin' bachane ke lie l d raha hai. film shaharoan ki taraph palayan ke vishay ko bhi ubharakar laee. baisikal thivj se prerit bimal r aauy ko yakin nahian tha ki landan se laute aangrej balaraj sahani vastav mean kisan shambhoo ki bhoomika ke sath nyay bhi kar paeange lekin jab unhean shambhoo ki bhoomika mili to balaraj ne apane kiradar ko utarane mean koee kasar nahian chho di. kee-kee din vo bhookhe rahe. yahaan tak ki ise samajhane ke lie unhoanne riksha chalakoan ke bich vaqt bitaya. parikshit sahani batate haian ki unaki maan aur bua ko balaraj sahani rikshe par baithakar nange pair ghantoan riksha khiancha karate the taki ve film mean apani bhoomika ko sahi tarah se nibha sakean.
mukhy kalakar
[[chitr:Do-Bigha-Zamin-2.jpg|thumb|250px|mina kumari (thakurain) aja ri niandiya tu a gate hue]]
- balaraj sahani - shambhu matho
- nirupa ray - parvati (paro)
- ratan kumar - kanhaiya
- murad - thakur haraman sianh
- mina kumari - thakurain
- rajalakshmi - nayabaji
- nana palsikar - dhaangu matho (shambhu ke pita)
- noor - noorajahaan ke roop mean
- nasir husain - riksha (pechakash nazir husain ke roop mean)
- rekha malik - rekha ke roop mean
- jagadip - laloo ustad, joote p aaulish karane vala l daka
mukhy gane
- aja ri niandiya tu a… :- lata mangeshakar
- azab tori duniya ho mere raja… :- mohammad rafi
- dharati kahe pukar ke… :- manna de, lata mangeshakar, koras
- hariyala savan dhol bajata aya… :- manna de, lata mangeshakar, koras
puraskar evan samman
- 1953: filmafeyar- sarvashreshth film
- 1953: filmafeyar- sarvashreshth nirdeshak
- karlovi vairi film samaroh - samajik pragati ke lie puraskar
kaans film mahotsav
1953 mean ek anajan se nirdeshak ne darshakoan ke samane rakha apana shahakar... 'do bigha zamin'. is film ne n keval sabase achchhi film ke lie pahala filmapheyar puraskar paya balki nirdeshak bimal r aauy ko pahala sarvashreshth nirdeshak ka khitab bhi diya gaya. 1953 mean pradarshit huee is film ki akhabaroan mean dhajjiyaan u daee geean. bimal r aauy isase kafi nirash ho ge. yahaan tak ki unhoanne ne-ne sthapit filmapheyar puraskar samaroh mean jane se mana kar diya. ye bhi ajibogarib hai ki us rat ghoshit 5 mean se do puraskar 'do bigha zamin' ko mile. yahi film aantarrashtriy kaans film mahotsav mean puraskar jitane vali pahali bharatiy film bhi bani.
vibhinn samikshakoan ka drishtikon
hiandi aur baangla film jagath ke mahanh nirmata-nirdeshak bimal r aauy ne jab apana svayan ka prodakshan haus sthapit kiya, tab isake tahat unhoanne jo pahali film banaee, vah thi-do bigha zamin. is film ka pradarshan bharatiy parde par kalatmak aur yatharthavadi roop se ek aitihasik ghatana thi. sanh 1953 mean nirmit yah film n sirph kalatmak roop se kafi sarahi gee, balki vyavasayik roop se bhi yah behad saphal rahi. rashtriy aur aantararashtriy star par man-samman bhi bahut mila. film ka nam 'do bigha zamin' raviandranath taigor ki isi nam ki kavita se rakha gaya tha. film ke kathanak ke hisab se bhi isase upayukt nam doosara nahian tha. film ki kahani b di karoon hai. isamean ek bangali kisan ke sangharsh ki gatha hai, jo apani 'do bigha zamin' ki raksha karane ke lie tatpar hai, jis par vah aur usaka parivar ashrit hai. akalagrast apani zamin ko bachane ke lie vah mahanagar kalakatta chala jata hai, jahaan vah riksha khianchakar apani roji kamata hai. usake sath usaka nanha putr bhi jata hai aur vah boot-p aaulish ka kam karata hai. rupaya kamakar jab vah vapas lautata hai, to dekhata hai ki usaki zamin par ek karakhana ban raha hai. 'do bigha zamin' hriday-sparshi aur parishkrit roop se ek bedakhal kisan ka jivant chitran hai. ek kisan ke bahane dekha jae, to yah film sampoorn bharatiy kisan-samaj ka sabase manaviy chitran prastut karati hai. is film mean n sirph sarvakalik upekshitoan ki, balki shoshitoan ki bhi pi da hai. apani aantarik shreshthata, sachchi bharatiyata ke hi karan 'do bigha zamin' ne kaans aantararashtriy film mahotsav, roos aur any deshoan mean b di prashansa prapt ki. bahut se yooropiy samikshakoan ne is film ko us sal ki sarvadhik karunik aur yadagar trasadi kaha. 'do bigha zamin' pahali aisi bharatiy film hai, jise kaans aantararashtriy film mahotsav mean shreshth film ke khitab se navaja gaya.
'do bigha zamin' ek sidhi-sadi kam bajat ki film thi, jisamean pray: italavi nav-yatharthavad ka pravash dikhata hai. samajavad se prerit is film ke yatharth ne ek naya ayam kayam kiya. film mean dikhaee gee shahar ki s dakean aur gaanv ke sookhe khet sabhi kuchh ek naya kautuk banakar samane ate haian. isake patr, sanvad aur abhinay itane jivant haian ki ve sachamuch is dharati ke hi patr lagate haian. film mean git halaanki kam haian, magar jitane the, vah aj bhi hridayagrahi haian. masalan- hariyala savan dhol bajata aya... aja ri a niandiya too a..., dharati kahe pukar ke...adi. ye git aj bhi behad lokapriy aur samasamayik haian. kaha jata hai 'do bigha zamin' itali ke mashahoor filmakar vitoriyo disika ki charchit film 'bayasikal thivs' se prerit thi. is sandarbh mean jab bimal r aauy se ek bar poochha gaya, to unaka saragarbhit javab tha- shayad katha lekhak se, na ki nirdeshak se. bimal r aauy dvara buddhimatapoorn dhang se nirdeshit, kamal bos dvara suandar roop se chhayaankit aur har ek kalakar ke dvara sanvedanashilata ke sath abhinit yah film ni:sandeh ek yadagar film hai, sath hi preranadayi bhi. is film mean vah durlabh jaduee sparsh hai, sarvabhaumik manavata ka bodh hai, jo sansar ko bhaee-chare ke ek sootr mean baandh deta hai.
- pratishthit videshi samachar patroan mean prakashit film 'do bigha zamin' ki samikshaoan ke kuchh khas charchit aansh
- 'do bigha zamin' nav-yatharthavad ka ek namoona hai. -mainachaistar garjiyan
- 'do bigha zamin' itali ki lokapriy film vayasikal thivs se vyutpann pratit hoti hai. -deli teligraf
- 'do bigha zamin' sarvadhik karunik, sarvadhik janakari dene vali aur sarvadhik yadagar film hai. -nyoo kr aaunikal
- 'do bigha zamin' mean yatharthavad bhavanatmakata ke sath sammishrit hota hai. -d taim
- 'do bigha zamin' ek prachy film hai. -rin aauldas
- 'do bigha zamin' bharat ki vayasikal thivs hai. -sande taims
- 'do bigha zamin' mean ek bedakhal kisan ka jivant chitran hai. -fayaneanshiyal taims
- 'do bigha zamin' ashcharyajanak roop se ek vastavik laghu trasadi hai. -aauksaphord mel[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ kushal kalakar (hindi) (ech.ti.em) abhivyakti. abhigaman tithi: 1 sitanbar, 2010.
- ↑ khatri, thakuradas. kisan-samaj ka sashakt manaviy chitran (hindi) deli nyooz. abhigaman tithi: 31 janavari, 2015.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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