धवला टीका

achary gunadhar krit 'kasay-pahud' evan achary pushpadant evan bhootabali krit 'shatkhandagam' –ye do jainadharm ke aise vishal evan amooly-siddhant granth haian, jinaka sidha sambandh tirthankar mahavir svami ki dvadashaang vani se mana jata hai. digambar jain parampara ke anusar shesh shrutajnan isase poorv hi kramash: lupt v chhinn-bhinn ho gaya tha. dvadashaang ke aantim aang drishtivad ke antargat parikarm, sootr, prathamanuyog, poorvagat aur choolika ye 5 prabhed haian. inamean poorvagat namak chaturth prabhed ke pun: 14 bhed haian. unamean se dvitiy bhed agrayaniy poorv se shatkhandagam ka udbhav hua hai. is shauraseni prakrit-bhashabaddh karmagranth ki tika ka nam dhavala hai. yah dhavala tika sanskrit mishrit shauraseni prakrit bhashabaddh hai.

• samprati digambar jain parampara ke karmagranthoan mean dhavalatray arthath 'dhaval, jayadhaval tatha mahadhaval' ka nam sarvopari hai, jinaka sammilit praman 72000+60,000+30,000=162,000 shlok praman haian. inaka prakashan hindi anuvad sahit kul 16+16+7=39 pustakoan mean, jinake kul prishth 16,341 haian, hua hai. is sanuvad 16,341 prishth praman paramagam mean jain dharm sammat vishal v maulik karmasiddhant ka vivechan hai. inamean sarvapratham achary pushpadant evan bhootabali krit shatkhandagam par likhit vishal tika dhavala ka yahaan parichay prastut hai.

dhavala tika shak san0 738 kartik shukla 13, ta0 8-10-816 ee. budhavar ko poorn huee thi. isaka praman 60,000 shlok hai. yah 16 bhagoan mean tadanusar 7067 prishthoan mean 20 varshoan ki dirgh avadhi (sanh 1938 se 1958) mean prakashit huee haian.

• isake lekhak achary virasen svami haian. inaka jivanakal shak-sanvath 665 se 745 hai. apake guru ailachary haian. athava matantar se aryanandi haian. ye siddhant, chhand, jyotish, vyakaran aur nyay adi shastroan mean parangat manishi the. *achary jinasen ke shabdoan mean 'virasen sakshat kevali ke saman sakal vishv ke paradarshi the. unaki sarvarthagamini naisargik prajna ko dekhakar sarvajn ki satta mean kisi manishi ko shanka nahian rahi thi. vidvanh log unake jnan-kiranoan ke prasad ko dekhakar unhean prajnashramanoan mean shreshth achary aur shrutakevali kahate the. ve vrindarak, lok-vijn, vachaspativath vagmi, siddhantopanibandhakarta, unaki dhavala tika bhuvan-vyapini hai. ve shabdabrahm ganadharamuni, vishvanidhi ke drashta, sookshm vastu ko janane mean sakshath sarvajn the.' inake dvara rachit dhavala tika ki bhasha prakrit-sanskrit mishrit hai. udaharanarth pratham pustak mean tika ka lagabhag tritiy bhag prakrit mean hai aur shesh bahubhag sanskrit mean hai. isamean uddhrit padyoan ki sankhya 221 mean se 17 sanskrit mean tatha shesh prakrit mean hai. evamev age ke bhag mean bhi janana chahie. is prakar sanskrit-prakrit in donoan bhashaoan ke mishran se mani-pravalanyayanusar yah rachi gee haian. isaki prakrit bhasha shorasaini hai, jisamean kundakundadi acharyoan ke granth paye jate haian. granth ki prakrit atyant parimarjit aur praudh hai. sanskrit bhasha bhi atyant praudh, pratrjal tatha nyayashastroan jaisi hokar bhi karm-siddhant praroopak hai.
• granth ki shaili sarvatr shanka uthakar usake samadhan karane ki rahi he. jaise pratham pustak mean hi lagabhag 600 shanka samadhan hai. tika mean achary virasen sootr-viruddh vyakhyan nahian karate, paraspar viruddh do sootroan mean samanvayatmak drishtikon apanate hue donoan ke sangrah ka upadesh dete haian. kahian vishesh adharabhoot samagri ke sadbhav mean ek ka grahan tatha doosare ka nishedh karane se bhi nahian chooke haian. deshamarshak sootroan ka suvistrit vyakhyan karate haian, kisi vivakshit prakaran mean pravahyaman-apravahyaman upadesh bhi pradarshit karate haian. kindian sookshm vishayoan par upadesh ke abhav mean prasang-prapt vishay ki bhi apraroopana karate haian, to kahian upadesh prapt kar jan lene ki samprerana karate haian. sarvatr vishay ka vistar sahit nyay adi shaili se varnan isamean upalabdh hai. yah bharatiy vanamay ki adbhut kriti hai.

vishay-parichay

shatkhandagam ki yah dhavala tika 16 pustakoan mean poorn evan prakashit huee hai. chh: pustakoan mean shatkhandagam ke jivasthan namak pratham khand ki tika nibaddh hai.

1.- pratham pustak mean gunasthanoan aur marganasthanoan ka vivaran hai.

2.- dvitiy pustak mean gunasthan, jivasamas, paryapti adi 20 prarupanaoan dvara jiv ki pariksha ki gee hai.

3.- tisari pustak dravy pramananugam hai, jisamean brahmand mean vyapt sakal jivoan aur unaki bhinn-bhinn avasthaoan tatha gatiyoan mean bhi unaki sankhyaean savistar ganit shaili se sapraman bataee hai.

4.- chauthi pustak kshetr-sparshan-kalanugam hai. isamean bataya hai ki jivoan ke nivas v vihar adi sanbanndhi kitana kshetr (brahmand mean) hota hai, tatha atit kal mean vibhinn gunasthani v marganasth jiv kitana kshetr sparsh kar pate haian. ve vibhinn gunasthanadi mean evan gati adi mean kitane kal tak rahate haian?

5.- pancham pustak antar, bhav v alpabahutv vishayak hai. vivakshit gunasthan ko chho dakar anyatr jakar pun: usi gunasthan mean kitane samay bad ana sambhav hai? yah madhy ki virah-avadhi antar kahalati hai. karmoan ke upasham, kshayopasham, kshay, uday adi ke nimitt se jo parinam hote haian unhean bhav kahate haian.vibhinn gunasthanadik mean jivoan ki hin adhik sankhya ki tulana ka kathan karana alpabahutv hai.

6.- chhathian pustak choolika svaroop hai. isamean

1-prakriti-samutkirtan,

2-sthan-samutkirtan,

3-5- tinadandak,

6- utkrisht sthiti,

7- jaghanyasthiti,

8- samyaktvotpatti tatha

9- gati-agati namak 9 choolikaean haian.

• inamean se pratham do choolikaoan mean karmaprakriti (karmoan) ke bhedoan aur unake sthanoan ki praroopana ki hai. samyaktv ke sanmukh jiv kin prakritiyoan ko baandhata hai, isake spashtikaranarth tin dandak roop tin choolikaean haian. karmoan ki utkrishtan tatha jaghanyasthiti chhathian v satavian choolikaean praroopit karati haian. pratham ki 7 choolikaoan dvara karm ka vistar se varnan kiya gaya hai. shesh do mean kramash: karmavarnanadharit samyakdarshan-utpatti tatha jivoan ki gati agati savistar varnit hai. chhathian pustak ke karmoan ka savistar sabhed-prabhed varnan hai, at: prasangik janakar kianchit likha jata hai-
• jainadarshan mean karm ke do prakar kahe haian-

1. ek dravyakarm,
2. doosara bhavakarm. yah karm ek sanskar matr nahian hai, kintu ek vastubhoot padarth hai. jo ragi, dveshi jiv ki kriya ka nimitt pakar usaki or akrisht hota hai aur doodh v pani ki tarah vah jiv ke sath ghul-mil jata hai. yah (dravy karm) hai to bhautik padarth, kintu usaka karm nam isalie roodh ho gaya ki vah jiv ki manasik, vachanik aur kayik kriya se akrisht hokar jiv ke sath bandh jata hai. jahaan any darshan rag aur dvesh se avisht jiv ki kriya ko karm or is karm ke kshanik hone se tajjany sanskar ko sthayi manate haian vahaan jain darshan ka mat hai ki ragadvesh se avisht jiv ki pratyek kriya ke dvara ek prakar ka dravy atma ke sath akrisht hota hai aur usake jo ragadvesharoop parinamoan ka nimitt pakar vah atma ke sath bandh ko prapt ho jata hai. tatha kalantar mean vahi dravy atma ko achchha ya bura phal milane mean hetu hota hai.

• jiv ke rag, dvesh, krodh, man, maya, lobh adi roop bhav (vikari parinam) hi bhavakarm hai. inake nimitt se usi kshan, niyat, sookshm (indriyoan se agrahy) pudgal paramanu atma ke sath sanshlesh ko prapt ho jate haian. yahi sanshlesh ko prapt hone vale paramanu dravyakarm kahalate haian. ye shubhabhavoan ke samay atma ke sath bandhakar pun: niyat kal tak tik kar prithakh hote samay atma ko shubh phal dete haian. tatha yid ye hi karm ashubh bhavoan ke dvara bandhate haian to kalantar mean prithakh hote samay ashubh phal dekar prithakh hote haian. prati samay anant karm paramanu bandhate haian tatha anant hi khirate haian.
• dravyakarm ke mool ath bhed haian-

1. jo atma ke jnan gun ka avaran (prachchhadan) karata hai vah jnanavarani karm hai,
2. jo darshan gun ko avrit karata hai vah darshanavaran karm hai,
3. jo vedan arthath sukh ya du:kh ka anubhavan kiya jata hai vah vedaniy karm hai,
4. jo mohit karata hai vah mohaniy karm hai,
5. jo bhavadharan ke prati jata hai vah ayu karm hai,
6. jo nana prakar ki rachana nishpann karata hai vah nam karm hai,
7. jo uchch v nich kul mean le jata hai vah gotr karm hai,
8. jo dan, labh, bhog, upabhog v viry mean vighn karata hai vah antaray karm hai. in ath karmoan ke bhi bhed kramash: 5, 9, 2, 28, 4, 93, 2, 5 haian. is tarah dravyakarm ke kul 148 uttar bhed ho jate haian.

• jnanavaran ke 5 bhed-

1. matijnanavaran,
2. shrutajnavaran,
3. avadhijnanavaran,
4. man:paryayajnanavaran v
5. kevalajnanavaran haian. jo matijnan ka avaran karata hai vah matijnanavaran karm hai. isi tarah shrutajnan adi jnanoan ke avarak karm jnatanavaran adi nam se abhihit hote haian.

• darshanavaran ke 9 bhed haian-

1. chakshurdashanavaran,
2. achakshurdarshanavaran,
3. avadhidarshana0
4. kevaladarshana0,
5. nidra,
6. nidranidra,
7. prachala,
8. prachalaprachala,
9. styanagriddhi.

• chakshurdarshan ka achchhadak ya avarak karm chakshurdarshanavaran hai isi tarah age bhi janana chahie. nidra adi 5 bhi atma ke darshanagun ke ghatak hone se darshanavaran ke bhedoan mean pariganit kie haian. sukh tatha du:kh ka vedan karane vale kramash: sata v asata namak do vedaniy karm haian.
• mohaniy ke 28 bhed haian- 4 anantanubandhi, 4 apratyakhyanavaran, 4 pratyakhyanavaran, 4 sanjvalan- ye 16 kashayean tatha hasy, rati, arati, bhay, jugupsa, shok, strived, purushaved, napuansakaved- ye 9 nokashay aur mithyatv, samyaktv tatha samyagmithyatv – ye tin darshanamoh. in 28 bhedoan mean se adi ke 25 bhed charitragun ka ghat karate haian tatha antim tin bhed atma ke samyaktv gun ko rokate haian. ayukarm ke 4 bhed- narak, tiryanch, manushy tatha dev. narak-ayukarm narak ko dharan karata hai. isi tarah tiryanch adi bhavoan ko dharan karane vale bhavakarm tiryanchayukarm adi sanjna prapt karate haian. ayukarm jiv ki svatanntrata ko rokata tatha avagahanatv gun ko ghatata hai.
• namakarm ke 93 bhed haian-

1. gati 4,
2. jati 5,
3. sharir 5,
4. sharir-bandhan 5,
5. sharirasanghat 5,
6. sharir aangopaang 3,
7. sanhanan 6,
8. sansthan 6,
9. varn 5,
10. gandh 2,
11. ras 5,
12. sparsh 8,
13. anupoorvi 4,
14. agurulaghu 1,
15. upaghat 1,
16. uchchhvas 1,
17. atap 1, u
18. dyot 1,
19. vihayogati 2,
20. tras 1,
21. sthavar 1,
22. badar 1,
23. sookshm 1,
24. paryapt 1,
25. aparyapt 1,
26. pratyek 1,
27. sadharan 1,
28. sthir 1,
29. asthir 1,
30. shubh 1,
31. ashubh 1,
32. subhag 1,
33. durbhag 1,
34. susvar 1,
35. du:svar 1,
36. adey 1,
37. anadey 1,
38. yash:kirti 1,
39. ayash:kirti 1,
40. nirman 1, v
41. tirthankar 1. yah namakarm ashariritv (sookshmatv) gun ka ghat karata hai.

• gotrakarm ke do bhed haian-

1. jo uchch gotr ka karak hai vah uchch gotr karm hai tatha
2. jis karm ke uday se jivoan ke nich gotr (gotr= kul, vansh, santan) hota hai vah nich gotr karm haian.

• antaray karm ke 5 bhed haian- jis karm ke uday se dan dete hue jiv ke vighn hota hai vah danantaray karm hai. isi tarah labh, bhog, upabhog v viry mean vighnakarak karm labhantaray adi namoan se kahe jate haian.
• gotrakarm ke abhav mean atma ka anurulaghutv gun prakat hota hai tatha antaray ke abhav mean anantaviry adi 5 kshayikalabdhi bhi prakat hoti hai.
• in karmoan ki vistrit paribhashaean prakriti, sthiti, anubhag aur pradeshabandh, uday, s v adi dhaval adi mool granthoan se janana chahie.

7.- satavian pustak mean shatkhandagam ke doosare khand 'kshudrabandh' ki tika hai, jisamean sankshepat: karmabandh ka pratipadan kiya gaya hai.

8.- athavian pustak mean bandhasvamitvavichay namak tritiy khand ki tika poori huee hai. is pustak mean bataya gaya hai ki kaun-sa karmabandh kis gunasthan v marganasthan mean sambhav hai. isi sandarbh mean nirantarabandhi, santarabandhi, dhruvabandhi adi prakritiyoan ka khulasa kiya gaya hai.

9.- navam pustak mean vedanakhand sambandhi kritianuyogadvar ki tika hai. ady 44 mangal sootroan ki tika mean vibhinn jnanoan ki vishad praroopana hai. phir sootr 45 se granthant tak kriti aneyagadvar ka vibhinn anuyog dvaroan se praroopan hai.

10.-dasavian pustak mean vedananikshep, nayavibhashanata, namavidhan tatha vedana-dravy-vidhan anuyogadvaroan ka savistar vivechan hai.

11.- gyarahavian pustak mean vedana kshetravidhan tatha kalavidhan ka vibhinn anuyogadvaroan (adhikaroan) dvara varnan karake phir do choolikaoan dvara aruchit arth ka praroopan tatha praroopit arth vishisht khulasa kiya hai.

12.-barahavian pustak mean vedana bhavavidhan adi 10 anuyogadvaroan dvara gunashreni nirjara, anubhag-vishayak sookshmatam, vistrit tatha anyatr alabhy aisi praroopanaean ki gee haian.

• is tarah vedana anuyogadvar ke 16 adhikar tin pustakoan (10, 11 v 12) mean satik poorn hote haian. 5vean khand ki tika pustak 13 v 14 mean poorn huee hai, jisamean 13vian pustak mean sparsh karm v prakriti anuyogadvar haian. sparsh anuyogadvar ka avantar adhikaroan dvara vivechan karake phir karm anuyogadvar ka akalpy 16 anuyogadvaroan dvara varnan karake tatpashchath ant mean prakriti anuyogadvar mean athoan karmoan ka saangopaang varnan kiya hai. chaudahavian pustak mean bandhan anuyogadvar dvara bandh, bandhak, bandhaniy (jisamean 24 varganaoan tatha panchashariroan ka praroopan hai) tatha bandh vidhan (isaka praroopan nahian hai, matr nam nirdesh hai) in 4 ki praroopana ki hai. antim do pustakoan mean satkarmantargat shesh 18 anuyogadvaroan (nibandhan, prakram adi) ki vistrit vivechana ki gee hai. is tarah 16 pustakoan mean dhavala tika poorn hoti hai.

dhavala mean anyany vaishishty

ganit ke kshetr mean dhavala ka maulik avadan

isamean ganit sanbandhi karanasootr v gathaean 54 payi jati haian, jo lekhak ke ganit vishayak gambhir jnan ki parichayak haian. us jamane (yug) mean bhi dhavalakar dashamik paddhati se poorn parichit the. isamean b di sankhyaoan ka bhi bahutayat se upayog hua hai. dhavala mean jo d, baki, guna, bhag, vargamool, ghanamool, sankhyaoan ka ghat (varg) adi maulik prakriyaoan ka kathan upalabdh hai. dhaval ka ghataank siddhant 500 ee. poorv ka hai. varg, ghan, uttarottaravarg (dviroopavargadhara mean), uttarottaraghan, kisi sankhya ka sankhyatulyaghat nikalana, uttarottaravargamool, ghanamool, logaritham (laghurikth), arddhachchhed, vargashalaka, trikachchhed, chaturthachchhed, bhinn,trairashik, anantavargikaran, asankhyat, sankhyat tatha inake suvyavasthit bhedoan ka niroopan pustak 3, 4, 10 mean bahutayat se dekhane ko milata hai.

vyakaran-shastr

shabdashastr mean lekhak ki abadh gati ke dhavala mean anek udaharan haian. shabdoan ke niruktarth prakat karate hue use vyakaranashastr se siddh kiya gaya hai. udaharan ke lie dhavala 1/9-10, 32-34, 42-44, 48, 51, 131 drashtavy hai. samasoan ke prayog hetu dhavala 3/ 4-7, 1/90-91, 1/133, dhaval 12/290-91 adi tatha pratyay prayog hetu dhaval 13/243-3 adi dekhane yogy haian.

nyayashastr

nyayashastriy paddhati hone se dhavala mean anek nyayoktiyaan bhi milati haian. yatha-dhaval 3/27-130, dhaval pu0 1 pan. 28, 219, 218, 237, 270, dhaval 1/200, 205, 140, 72, 196, dhaval 3/18, 120, dhaval 13, prishth 2, 302, 307, 317 adi. any darshan ke mat-udaharan (dhaval 6/490 adi) tatha kavy pratibha evan gady bhashalankaran to mool granth dekhane par hi jan p data hai.

shastroan ke namollekh

praman dete samay lekhak ne dhavala mean kashayapahud, acharaang adi 27 granthoan ke nam nirdeshapoorvak uddharan diye haian to vahian par pachasoan granthoan ki gathaoan aur gadyaanshoan adi ko granthanam bina bhi uddhrit kiya hai. kul donoan prakar ke uddharan 775 haian. dvadashaang se ni:srit hone se yah granth praman hai. sath hi isamean achary paramparagat v gurupadesh ko hi mah v diya hai. tatha jahaan unhean upadesh aprapt raha vahaan spasht kah diya ki is vishay mean janakar (yani upadesh prapt kar) kahana chahie in sabase granth ki pramanikata nirbadh siddh hoti hai.

prachin darshanikoan ke namollekh

dhaval mean 137 darshanikoan ke nam ae haian. yatha-ashtaputr, anand, rrishidas, aupamanyav, kapil, kansachary, kartikey, govardhan, gautam, chilataputr, jayapal, jaimini, pippalad, vadarayan, vishnu, vasishth adi.

tirthasthanoan, nagaroan ke namollekh

isi tarah 42 bhaugolik sthanoan ke nam bhi ae haian. yatha andh, aankuleshvar, oorjayant, rrijukoola nadi, chandragufa, jrimbhikagram, pandugiri, vaibharsaurashtradi. in ullekhoan se tatkalin yug ke sthanoan ka astitv jnat hota hai.

sanbandhit lekh

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