धातु (लेखन सामग्री)

lekhan samagri vishay soochi

lekhan samagri    pashaniy shilalekh    eeant    svarn    rajat    kashth    kap da    dhatu    ta dapatr    bhoorjapatr    agarupatr    kagaz    qalam    syahi

[[chitr:Lekhan-Samagri-10.jpg|thumb|lauhastanbh lekh, meharauli, dilli (lagabhag 450 ee.)]] dhatu prachin bharat ki lekhan samagri hai. manav jati ke kramik vikas ke kram mean lohe par bhi lekh khode jate the. sabase prasiddh hai, dilli mean qutub minar ke pas kh de 'lauhastambh' par guptakalin brahmi lipi (eesa ki chauthi-paanchavian sadi) mean utkirn kisi raja chandr ka chhah panktiyoan ka sanskrit lekh.

lohe par lekh

uttarakhand ke 'gopeshvar mandir' ke praangan mean g de hue lohe ke qarib paanch mitar ooanche trishool par eesa ki satavian sadi ki lipi mean ek sanskrit lekh khuda hua hai. aboo parvat ke 'achaleshvar mandir' mean kh de lohe ke vishal trishool par 1411 ee. ka ek lekh hai. pital ki moortiyoan ke padapithoan aur kaanse ki ghantiyoan par bhi lekh aankit dekhane ko milate haian. sona, chaandi aur taanbe ke sikkoan par lagae jane vale thappe lohe ke hi banate the.

taanbe ka prayog

prachin aur madhyakalin bharat mean dhatuoan ke aantargat taanbe ka lekhan ke lie sabase adhik upayog hua hai. rajaoan ke dvara die ge dan aur adhikarapatr taanbe ki pattikaoan par aankit kie jate the. unhean 'tamrapatr' ya 'tamrashasan' kahate the. pata chalata hai ki raja kanishk ne mahayan bauddh dharm ke granthoan ko tamrapatoan par khudavakar aur patthar ki petiyoan mean band karake kashmir ke ek stoop mean surakshit rakhava diya tha. chini yatri fahyan (400 ee.) batate haian ki bharat ki bauddh viharoan mean dan se sambandhit tamrapatoan ko surakshit rakhane ki pratha kafi purani hai.

tamrapat taiyar karana

thumb|220px|tamrapatr tamrapat do tariqoan se taiyar kie jate the-

1. hathau de se thokakar aur phir ukerakar
2. baloo ke saanche mean dhalakar

ichchhit akar ke jo tamrapat hathau de se thokakar banae ge haian, un par thather ke chihn asani se pahachane ja sakate haian. tamrapat par mool path ko kabhi syahi se aur kabhi sooee se kharoanchakar likha jata tha. tadanantar karigar kisi tikshn auzar se un par akshar khodata tha. dakshin bharat ke kuchh tamrapatoan mean akshar kharoanch-jaise pratit hote haian. aise tamrapatoan par pahale gili mitti jaise kisi padarth ki tah bichhakar aur usake lagabhag sookh jane par taanki se khudaee ki jati thi. kuchh arambhik tamrapatoan mean lakiroan ki bajae bindu-bindu se bhi akshar khode ge haian.

akshar galati sudharana

baloo ke saanche mean akshar aur sanket banakar dhalane ka sabase purana udaharan hai sohagaura, gorakhapur zila tamrapat, jo sambhavat: samrat ashok ke kuchh pahale ka hai. isilie is tamrapat par akshar v chihn ubhare hue haian. galat akshar khode jane par vahaan hathau de se pitakar aur kat-chhaantakar sahi akshar banaye jate the ya phir unhean hashie par likh diya jata tha.

lekhan-suraksha

lekhan ki suraksha ke lie tamrapat ke kinaroan ko kuchh mota banaya jata ya phir tho da utha diya jata. yadi do se adhik tamrapat hoan to unamean baeean or chhed karake usamean taanbe ki k di piro di jati thi. amataur se ek danapatr mean tamrapatoan ki sankhya do se nau tak hai. magar laiden, halaind vishvavidyalay ke sangrahalay mean rakhe rajendr chol ke danapatr mean 21 tamrapatr haian. taanbe ki moortiyoan aur tamrapatroan par bhi lekh ya nam khude hue dekhane ko milate haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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