नादिरशाह
nadirashah
Nadir Shah|thumb|200px
nadirashah (ya 'nadir koli beg') (1688 -1747) faras ka shah tha. usane sadiyoan ke bad eerani prabhuta sthapit ki thi. usane apana jivan dasata se aranbh kiya tha aur faras ka shah hi nahian bana, balki usane us samay eerani samrajy ke sabal shatru 'usmani' samrajy aur 'roosi' samrajy ko eerani kshetroan se bahar nikala. vo bharat vijay ke abhiyan par bhi nikala tha. dilli ki satta par asin mugal badashah muhammadashah ko harane ke bad usane vahaan se apar sampatti arjit ki, jisamean kohinoor hira bhi shamil tha. isake bad vah apar shaktishali ban gaya, lekin isake kuchh samay bad hi usaka svasthy bhi big data gaya. apane jivan ke uttarardh mean vah bahut atyachari ban gaya tha. sanh 1747 mean usaki hatya ke bad usaka samrajy jald hi titar-bitar ho gaya.
bharat par akraman
muhammadashah ke shasan kal ki ek atyant du:khant ghatana bharat par nadirashah ka akraman karana tha. mugal shasan ke aranbh se hi kisi bahari shatru ka bharat par akraman nahian hua tha; kiantu us kal mean dilli ki shasan−satta itani durbal ho gee thi, ki eeran ke ek mahattvakaankshi lutere shasak nadirashah ne bharat par akraman karane ka sahas kiya tha. mugal badashah muhammadashah aur nadirashah ke madhy karanal ka yuddh 24 faravari, 1739 ee. mean l da gaya. is l daee mean nadirashah ki vijay huee aur mugal samrath dvara shasit qabul−kandhar pradesh par adhikar karake peshavar sthit mugal sena ka vidhvans kar dala gaya.
harjane ki maang
jab muhammadashah ko nadirashah ke akraman ki bat batalaee gee, to usane use hansi mean u da diya. usaki aankhe tab khulian, jab nadirashah ki sena panjab ko rauandhati huee karanal tak a pahuanchi thi. muhammadashah ne apani sena usake viruddh bheji, kiantu sanvat 1769 (24 faravari, 1739) mean usaki parajay ho gee. nadirashah ne pahale 2 karo d rupaya harjana dene ki maang ki thi, kiantu usake svikar hone par vah 20 karo d maangane laga.
dilli mean lootapat
mugaloan ka karoo ka sa khazana bhi us kal mean khali ho gaya tha, at: 20 karo d kaise diya ja sakata tha. phalat: nadirashah ne dilli ko lootane aur vahaan nar sanhar karane ki ajna pradan kar di. usake barbar sainik rajadhani mean ghus p de aur unhoanne lootamar ka bazar garm kar diya. usake karan dilli ke hazaroan nagarik mare gaye aur vahaan bhari loot ki gee. is loot mean nadirashah ko beshumar daulat mili thi. use 20 karo d ki bajay 30 karo d rupaya naqad mila. usake atirikt dhero javaharat, begamoan ke bahumooly abhooshan, sone-chaandi ke aganit vartaman tatha any vesh-qimati vastuean use mili thian. inake sath hi sath dilli ki loot mean use kohinoor hira aur shahajahaan ka 'takht-e-taoos' (mayoor sianhasan) bhi mila tha. vah bahumooly mayoor sianhasan ab bhi eeran mean hai ya nahian, isaka jnan kisi ko nahian hai. nadirashah ke hath p dane vali shahi haram ki suandari begamoan ke atirikt muhammadashah ki putri 'shahanaj banoo' bhi thi, jisaka vivah usane apane putr 'nasaroolla khaan' ke sath kar diya. nadirashah pray: do mahine tak dilli mean lootamar karata raha tha. usake karan mugaloan ki rajadhani uja d aur barbad si ho gee thi. jab vah yahaan se jane laga, tab karo do ki sanpada ke sath hi sath vah 1,000 hathi, 7,000 gho de, 10,000 ooant, 100 khoje, 130 lekhak, 200 sangatarash, 100 raj aur 200 badhee bhi apane sath le gaya tha.
mrityu
eeran pahuanchakar usane 'takht-e-taoos' par baith kar b da shanadar darabar kiya. bharat ki apar sampada ko bhogane ke lie vah adhik kal tak jivit nahian raha tha. usake kukrityoan ka prayashchitt usake sainikoan ke vidroh ke roop mean hua tha, jisamean vah mara gaya. nadirashah ki mrityu savat 1804 mean huee thi.
muhammadashah, nadirashah ke akraman ke bad bhi kee varsh tak jivit raha tha, kiantu usaka shasan dilli ki or−pas ke bhag tak hi simit rah gaya tha. mugal samrajy ke adhikaansh soobe svatantr ho gaye aur vibhinn sthanoan mean samrajy virodhi shaktiyoan ka uday ho gaya tha. muhammadashah unhean dabane mean asamarth tha. vah svayan apane mantriyoan aur senapatiyoan ki daya par nirbhar tha. usaki mrityu sanvat 1805 (26 aprail, sanh 1748) mean huee thi. is prakar usane 20 varsh tak shasan kiya tha. vah kisi tarah apane shasanakal ko poora to kar gaya; kiantu mugal samrajy ko sarvanash ke kagar par kh da kar gaya tha.
|
|
|
|
|
|
sanbandhit lekh