पत्रकारिता

patrakarita (aangrezi:Journalism) adhunik sabhyata ka ek pramukh vyavasay hai jisamean samacharoan ka ekatrikaran, likhana, riport karana, sampadit karana aur samyak prastutikaran adi sammilit haian. aj ke yug mean patrakarita ke bhi anek madhyam ho gaye haian; jaise - akhabar, patrikaean, rediyo, dooradarshan, veb-patrakarita adi.

patrakarita ka itihas

vishv mean patrakarita ka aranbh san 131 eesvi poorv rom mean hua tha. us sal pahala dainik samachar-patr nikalane laga. us ka nam tha – “Acta Diurna” (din ki ghatanaean). vastav mean yah patthar ki ya dhatu ki patti hota tha jis par samachar aankit hote the. ye pattiyaan rom ke mukhy sthanoan par rakhi jati thian aur in mean varishth adhikariyoan ki niyukti, nagarikoan ki sabhaoan ke nirnayoan aur gledietaroan ki l daiyoan ke parinamoan ke bare mean soochanaean milati thian. madhyakal mean yoorop ke vyaparik keandroan mean ‘soochana-patr‘ nikalane lage. un mean karobar, kray-vikray aur mudra ke mooly mean utar-chadhav ke samachar likhe jate the. lekin ye sare ‘soochana-patr ‘ hath se hi likhe jate the. 15vian shatabdi ke madhy mean yohan gutinabarg ne chhapane ki mashin ka avishkar kiya. asal mean unhoanne dhatu ke aksharoan ka avishkar kiya. is ke phalasvaroop kitaboan ka hi nahian, akhabaroan ka bhi prakashan sanbhav ho gaya.

bharat mean hiandi patrakarita

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vastav mean hiandi patrakarita ka tarkik aur vaijnanik adhar par kal vibhajan karana kuchh kathin kary hai. sarvapratham radhakrishna das ne aisa praranbhik prayas kiya tha. usake bad ‘vishal bharat’ ke navanbar 1930 ke aank mean vishnudatt shukl ne is prashn par vichar kiya, kintu ve kisi aantim nirnay par nahian pahuanche. gupt nibandhavali mean balamukuand gupt ne yah vibhajan is prakar kiya –

• pratham charan – sanh 1845 se 1877
• dvitiy charan – sanh 1877 se 1890
• tritiy charan – sanh 1890 se bad tak

d aau. ramaratan bhatanagar ne apane shodh prabandh ‘d raij eand groth aph hiandi jarnalijm’ kal vibhajan is prakar kiya hai–

• aranbhik yug 1826 se 1867
• utthan evan abhivriddhi
  • pratham charan (1867-1883) bhasha evan svaroop ke samekan ka yug
  • dvitiy charan (1883-1900) pres ke prachar ka yug
• vikas yug
  • pratham yug (1900-1921) avadhik patroan ka yug
  • dvitiy yug (1921-1935) dainik prachar ka yug
• samayik patrakarita – 1935-1945

uparokt mean se tin yugoan ke aranbhik varshoan mean tin pramukh patrikaoan ka prakashan hua, jinhoanne yugin patrakarita ke samaksh adarsh sthapit kie. sanh 1867 mean ‘kavivachan sudha’, sanh 1883 mean ‘hindustan’ tatha sanh 1900 mean ‘sarasvati’ ka prakashan hai.

hindi samachar patr-patrikaean

is samay hindi ke saptahik patroan mean saptahik hindustan, dharm-yug, dinaman, ravivar evan sahara samay pramukh haian. hindustan ka sampadan, sampadika mrinal pandey ji ne kiya evan dharmayug ka sarvapratham sampadan d aau. dharmavir bharati ji ne kiya. dharmayug ne jan samany mean apani lokapriyata itani bana rakhi thi ki har prabuddh pathak varg ke draiang roop mean isaka paya jana garv ki bat mane jane lagi thi. kuchh dinoan tak ganesh mantri (bambee) ne bhi isaka sampadan kiya. kuchh arthik evan apasi kamiyoan ke abhav ke karan isaka sampadan kary rook gaya. `dinaman´ ka sampadan ghanashyam pankaj ji kar rahe the sath hi ravivar ka sampadan uday sharma ke nirdeshan mean akarshak dhang se ho raha tha. isi samay vyangy ke kshetr mean `hindi shankars vikali´ ka sampadan ho raha tha. `vama´ hindi ki masik patrika mahilapayogi ka sampadan vimala patil ke nirdeshan mean ho raha tha. `indiya tude´ pahale pakshik thi, parantu aj yahi saptahik roop mean apani khyati banaye huye hai. any masik patrikaoan mean `kalpana´, `ajanta´, `parag´, `nandan´, `spatunik´, `madhyam´, `yoonesko doot´, `navanit (daijest)´, `jnanoday´, `kadambini´, `achhoote´, `sandarbh´, `akhir kyoan´, `yooth indiya´, `jan samman´, `ambedakar in indiya´, `rashtrabhasha-vivaran patrika´, `paryavaran´, `daijest akhir kab tak?´, `vartavahak´ adi anek mahattvapoorn patrikaoan ka prakashan ho raha hai. `ajanta´ ab prakashit nahian ho rahi hai parantu `kalpana´ ab bhi jari hai. isi tarah se `yooth indiya´ pharrookhabad se raghavendr sianh `rajoo´ ke kushal nirdeshan mean apana vishisht sthan masik patrika ke roop mean banaye huye hai. `achhoote sandarbh´ dilli se kamalesh chaturvedi ke disha nirdeshan evan sampadakatv mean sahity evan vividh samajik pahaluoan ko rekhaankit karane mean sahayak ho rahi hai. `jan-samman´ muradabad se `mohar sianh´ ke sampadakatv mean samaj mean dalit logoan ki disha evan dasha ko nirdharit karane mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika ada kar rahi hai. rashtrabhasha ko samman dilane ki haisiyat se `rashtrabhasha´, vardha se shri anantaram tripathi ke sampadakatv mean prakashit ho rahi hai. u disa se vartavahak braj sundar padhi evan `vivaran patrika´, haidarabad se chandradev bhagavantarav kav de ke sahayog se apani nirantarata banaye huye hai.

bharat mean samachar patroan ka itihas

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bharat mean samachar patroan ka itihas yooropiy logoan ke bharat mean pravesh ke sath hi prarambh hota hai. sarvapratham bharat mean priantig pres lane ka shrey purtagaliyoan ko diya jata hai. 1557 ee. mean gova ke kuchh padari logoan ne bharat ki pahali pustak chhapi. 1684 ee. mean aangrez eest indiya kampani ne bhi bharat ki pahali pustak ki chhapaee ki thi. 1684 ee. mean hi kampani ne bharat mean pratham priantig pres (mudranalay) ki sthapana ki.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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