पद्मावत

padmavat
'padmavat' ka avaran prishth|150px|center
kavi	malik muhammad jayasi
mool shirshak	'padmavat'
mukhy patr	'padmini' aur 'ratnasen'
desh	bharat
bhasha	avadhi
vidha	prabandh kavy
prakar	mahakavy
mukhaprishth rachana	sajild
vishesh	is pustak ki vyakhya bhi isi nam se vasudev sharan agraval ne ki hai.
tippani	jayasi ki is premagatha mean sianhaladvip ki rajakumari 'padmini' aur chittau d ke raja 'ratnasen' ke pranay ka varnan hai.

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padmavat (aangrezi: Padmavat) ek premagatha hai, jo adhyatmik svaroop mean hai. jayasi ke mahakavy 'padmavat' ki katha premamargi soofi kaviyoan ki bhaanti kalpanik n hokar ratnasen aur padmavati (padmini) ki prasiddh aitihasik katha par adharit hai. is premagatha mean sianhaladvip ki rajakumari padmavati aur chittau d ke raja ratnasen ke pranay ka varnan hai. 'nagamati ke virah-varnan' mean to jayasi ne apani sanvedana gahan roop se varnit ki hai. katha ka dvitiy bhag aitihasik hai, jisamean chittau d par alauddin khilaji ke akraman aur 'padmavati ke jauhar' ka sajiv varnan hai. 'padmavat' masanavi shaili mean rachit ek prabandh kavy hai. is mahakavy mean kul 57 khand haian. is mahakavy mean padmavati evan ratnasen ki laukik prem kahani ke dvara alaukik prem ki vyanjana ki gayi hai. is kavy ka prarambh kalpanik katha se hai aur aant itihas par adharit hai. jayasi ne itihas aur kalpana, donoan ka mishran kiya hai. jayasi hi likhate haian ki unhoanne 'padmavat' ki rachana 927 hijari mean praranbh ki.

kathanak

kavi sianhaladvip, usake raja gandharvasen, rajasabha, nagar, bagiche ityadi ka varnan karake padmavati ke janm ka ullekh karata hai. rajabhavan mean 'hiraman' nam ka ek adbhut sua tha jise padmavati bahut chahati thi aur sada usi ke pas rahakar anek prakar ki batean kaha karati thi. padmavati kramash: sayani huee aur usake roop ki jyoti bhoomandal mean sabase oopar huee. jab usaka kahian vivah n hua tab vah rat din hiraman se isi bat ki charcha kiya karati thi. sooe ne ek din kaha ki yadi kaho to desh deshantar mean phir kar maian tumhare yogy var dhooandhooan. raja ko jab is batachit ka pata laga tab usane kruddh hokar sooe ko mar dalane ki ajna di. padmavati ne vinati kar kisi prakar sooe ke pran bachae. sooe ne padmavati se vida maangi, par padmavati ne prem ke mare sooe ko rok liya. sooa us samay to ruk gaya, par usake man mean khataka bana raha.

sue ka bikana

ek din padmavati sakhiyoan ko lie hue manasarovar mean snan aur jalakri da karane gee. sooe ne socha ki ab yahaan se chatapat chal dena chahie. vah van ki or u da, jahaan pakshiyoan ne usaka b da satkar kiya. das din pichhe ek baheliya hari pattiyoan ki tatti lie us van mean chala a raha tha aur pakshi to us chalate pe d ko dekhakar u d ge par hiraman chare ke lobh mean vahian raha. ant mean baheliye ne use pak d liya aur bazar mean use bechane ke lie le gaya. chittau d ke ek vyapari ke sath ek din brahman bhi kahian se rupaye lekar lobh ki asha se sianhal ki hat mean aya tha. usane sooe ko pandit dekh mol le liya aur lekar chittau d aya. chittau d mean us samay raja chitrasen mar chuka tha aur usaka beta 'ratnasen' gaddi par baitha tha. prashansa sunakar ratnasen ne lakh rupaye dekar hiraman sooe ko mol le liya.[[chitr:Jayasi.jpg|thumb|left|malik muhammad jayasi]]

sue dvara padmavati ka bakhan

ek din ratnasen kahian shikar ko gaya tha. usaki rani nagamati sooe ke pas aee aur boli - 'mere saman sundari aur bhi koee sansar mean hai?' is par sooa hansa aur usane sianhal ki padmini striyoan ka varnan karake kaha ki unamean aur tumamean din aur aandheri rat ka antar hai. rani ne socha ki yadi yah tota rahega to kisi din raja se bhi aisa hi kahega aur vah mujhase prem karana chho dakar padmavati ke lie jogi hokar nikal p dega. usane apani dhay se use le jakar mar dalane ko kaha. dhay ne parinam sochakar use mara nahian, chhipa rakha. jab raja ne lautakar sooe ko n dekha tab usane b da kop kiya. ant mean hiraman usake samane laya gaya aur usane sab vrittant kah sunaya. raja ko padmavati ka roop varnan sunane ki b di utkantha huee aur hiraman ne usake roop ka lamba chau da varnan kiya. us varnan ko sun raja besudh ho gaya. usake hriday mean aisa prabal abhilasha jagi ki vah rasta batane ke lie hiraman ko sath le jogi hokar ghar se nikal p da.

ratnasen ka sianhal jana

usake sath solah hazar kuanvar bhi jogi hokar chale. madhy pradesh ke nana durgam sthanoan ke bich hote hue sab log kaliang desh mean pahuanche. vahaan ke raja gajapati se jahaz lekar ratnasen ne aur sab jogiyoan ke sahit sianhal dvip ki or prasthan kiya. kshar samudr, kshir samudr, dadhi samudr, udadhi samudr, sura samudr aur kilakila samudr ko par karake ve satavean 'manasarovar samudr' mean pahuanche jo sianhaladvip ke charoan or hai. sianhaladvip mean utarakar jogi ratnasen to apane sab jogiyoan ke sath mahadev ke mandir mean baithakar tap aur padmavati ka dhyan karane laga aur hiraman padmavati se bheant karane gaya. jate samay vah ratnasen se kahata gaya ki basant panchami ke din padmavati isi mahadev ke mandap mean vasantapooja karane aegi; us samay tumhean usaka darshan hoga aur tumhari asha poorn hogi. bahut din par hiraman ko dekh padmavati bahut roee. hiraman ne apane nikal bhagane aur beche jane ka vrittant kah sunaya. isake uparant usane ratnasen ke roop, kul, aishvary, tej adi ki b di prashansa karake kaha ki vah sab prakar se tumhare yogy var hai aur tumhare prem mean jogi hokar yahaan tak a pahuancha hai. padmavati ne usaki premavyatha sunakar jayamal dene ki pratijna ki aur kaha ki vasant panchami ke din pooja ke bahane maian use dekhane jaooangi. sooa yah samachar lekar raja ke pas mandap mean laut aya.

vasant panchami par padmavati aur ratnasen ka milana

vasant panchami ke din padmavati sakhiyoan ke sahit mandap mean gee aur udhar bhi pahuanchi jidhar ratnasen aur usake sathi jogi the. par jyoan hi ratnasen ki aauankhean us par p dian, vah moorchchhit hokar gir p da. padmavati ne ratnasen ko sab prakar se vaisa hi paya jaisa sooe ne kaha tha. vah moorchchhit jogi ke pas pahuanchi aur use hosh mean lane ke lie us par chandan chhi daka. jab vah n jaga tab chandan se usake hriday par yah bat likhakar vah chali gee ki 'jogi, toone bhiksha prapt karane yogy yog nahian sikha, jab phalaprapti ka samay aya tab too so gaya.'

parvati dvara ratnasen ki pariksha lena

[[chitr:Rani-Padmini-1.jpg|thumb|rani padmini (abhikalpit chitr)]] raja ko jab hosh aya tab vah bahut pachhatane laga aur jal kar marane ko taiyar hua. sab devataoan ko bhay hua ki yadi kahian yah jala to isaki ghor virahagni se sare lok bhasm ho jaeange. unhoanne jakar mahadev parvati ke yahaan pukar ki. mahadev kodhi ke vesh mean bail par chadhe raja ke pas ae aur jalane ka karan poochhane lage. idhar parvati ki, jo mahadev ke sath aeean thian, yah ichchha huee ki raja ke prem ki pariksha lean. ye atyant sundari apsara ka roop dharanakar aeean aur boli - 'mujhe indr ne bheja hai. padmavati ko jane de, tujhe apsara prapt huee.' ratnasen ne kaha - 'mujhe padmavati ko chho d aur kisi se kuchh prayojan nahian.' parvati ne mahadev se kaha ki ratnasen ka prem sachcha hai. ratnasen ne dekha ki is kodhi ki chhaya nahian p dati hai, isake sharir par makkhiyaan nahian baithati haian aur isaki palakean nahian girati haian at: yah nishchay hi koee siddh purush hai. phir mahadev ko pahachanakar vah unake pairoan par gir p da. mahadev ne use siddhi gutika di aur sianhalagadh mean ghusane ka marg bataya. siddhi gutika pakar ratnasen sab jogiyoan ko lie sianhalagadh par chadhane laga.

ratnasen ka pak da jana

raja gandharvasen ke yahaan jab yah khabar pahuanchi tab usane doot bheje. dootoan se jogi ratnasen ne padmini ke pane ka abhipray kaha. doot kruddh hokar laut ge. is bich hiraman ratnasen ka premasandesh lekar padmavati ke pas gaya aur padmavati ka premabhara sandesh lakar usane ratnasen se kaha. is sandesh se ratnasen ke sharir mean aur bhi bal a gaya. gadh ke bhitar jo agadh kund tha vah rat ko usamean dhansa aur bhitari dvar ko, jisamean vajr ke kiva d lage the, usane ja khola. par is bich sabera ho gaya aur vah apane sathi jogiyoan ke sahit gher liya gaya. raja gandharvasen ke yahaan vichar hua ki jogiyoan ko pak dakar sooli de di jay. dal bal ke sahit sab saradaroan ne jogiyoan par chadhaee ki. ratnasen ke sathi yuddh ke lie utsuk hue par ratnasen ne unhean yah upadesh dekar shant kiya ki premamarg mean krodh karana uchit nahian. ant mean sab jogiyoan sahit ratnasen pak da gaya. idhar yah sab samachar sun padmavati ki buri dasha ho rahi thi. hiraman sooe ne jakar use dhiraj bandhaya ki ratnasen poorn siddh ho gaya hai, vah mar nahian sakata.

yuddh aur ratnasen ka padmini se vivah

jab ratnasen ko baandhakar sooli dene ke lie lae tab jisane use dekha sabane kaha ki yah koee rajapootr jan p data hai. idhar sooli ki taiyari ho rahi thi, udhar ratnasen padmavati ka nam rat raha tha. mahadev ne jab jogi par aisa sankat dekha tab ve aur parvati bhat bhatini ka roop dharakar vahaan pahuanche. is bich hiraman sooa bhi ratnasen ke pas padmavati ka yah sandesh lekar aya ki 'maian bhi hatheli par pran lie baithi hooan, mera jina marana tumhare sath hai.' bhat (jo vastav mean mahadev the) ne raja gandharvasen ko bahut samajhaya ki yah jogi nahian raja aur tumhari kanya ke yogy var hai, par raja is par aur bhi kruddh hua. is bich jogiyoan ka dal charoan or se l daee ke lie chadha. mahadev ke sath hanuman adi sab devata jogiyoan ki sahayata ke lie a kh de hue. gandharvasen ki sena ke hathiyoan ka samooh jab age badha tab hanuman ji ne apani lambi pooanchh mean sabako lapetakar akash mean pheank diya. raja gandharvasen ko phir mahadev ka ghanta aur vishnu ka shankh jogiyoan ki or sunaee p da aur sakshat shiv yuddhasthal mean dikhaee p de. yah dekhate hi gandharvasen mahadev ke charanoan par ja gira aur bola - 'kanya apaki hai, jise chahie use dijie'. isake uparant hiraman sooe ne akar raja ratnasen ke chittau d se ane ka sab vrittant kah sunaya aur gandharvasen ne b di dhoomadham se ratnasen ke sath padmavati ka vivah kar diya. ratnasen ke sathi jo solah hazar kuanvar the un sabaka vivah bhi padmini striyoan ke sath ho gaya aur sab log b de anand ke sath kuchh dinoan tak sianhal mean rahe.

nagamati ka virah

idhar chittau d mean viyogini nagamati ko raja ki bat johate ek varsh ho gaya. usake vilap se pashu pakshi vikal ho ge. ant mean adhi rat ko ek pakshi ne nagamati ke du:kh ka karan poochha. nagamati ne usase ratnasen ke pas pahuanchane ke lie apana sandesa kaha. vah pakshi nagamati ka sandesa lekar sianhaladvip gaya aur samudr ke kinare ek pe d par baitha. sanyog se ratnasen shikar khelate khelate usi pe d ke niche ja kh da hua. pakshi ne pe d par se nagamati ki du:kh katha aur chittau d ki hin dasha ka varnan kiya. ratnasen ka ji sianhal se uchata aur usane svadesh ki or prasthan kiya. chalate samay use sianhal ke raja ke yahaan se vidaee mean bahut sa saman aur dhan mila. itani adhik sampatti dekh raja ke man mean garv aur lobh hua. vah sochane laga ki itana adhik dhan lekar yadi maian svadesh pahuancha to phir mere saman sansar mean kaun hai. is prakar lobh ne raja ko a ghera.

samudr ka krodh

samudratat par jab ratnasen aya tab samudr yachak ka roop dharakar raja se dan maangane aya, par raja ne lobhavash usaka tiraskar kar diya. raja adhe samudr mean bhi nahian pahuancha tha ki b de zor ka toofan aya jisase jahaz dakkhin lanka ki or bah ge. vahaan vibhishan ka ek rakshas maanjhi machhali mar raha tha. vah achchha ahar dekh raja se akar bola ki chalo ham tumhean raste par laga dean. raja usaki batoan mean a gaya. vah rakshas sab jahajoan ko ek bhayankar samudr mean le gaya jahaan se nikalana kathin tha. jahaz chakkar khane lage aur hathi, gho de, manushy adi doobane lage. vah rakshas anand se nachane laga. is bich samudr ka rajapakshi vahaan a pahuancha jisake dainoan ka aisa ghor shabd hua mano paha d ke shikhar toot rahe hoan. vah pakshi us dusht rakshas ko changul mean dabakar u d gaya. jahaz ke ek takhte par ek or raja baha aur doosare takhte par doosari or rani.

padmavati ka vilap

padmavati bahate bahate vahaan ja lagi jahaan samudr ki kanya lakshmi apani saheliyoan ke sath khel rahi thi. lakshmi moorchchhit padmavati ko apane ghar le gee. padmavati ko jab chet hua tab vah ratnasen ke lie vilap karane lagi. lakshmi ne use dhiraj bandhaya aur apane pita samudr se raja ki khoj karane ka vachan diya. idhar raja bahate bahate ek aise nirjan sthan mean pahuancha jahaan mooangoan ke tiloan ke siva aur kuchh n tha. raja padmini ke lie bahut vilap karane laga aur katar lekar apane gale mean marana hi chahata tha ki brahman ka roop dharakar samudr usake samane a kh da hua aur use marane se roka. ant mean samudr ne raja se kaha ki tum meri lathi pak dakar aankh mooand lo; maian tumhean jahaan padmavati hai usi tat par pahuancha dooanga.

lakshmi dvara ratnasen ki pariksha

jab raja us tat par pahuanch gaya tab lakshmi usaki pariksha lene ke lie padmavati ka roop dharan kar raste mean ja baithian. ratnasen unhean padmavati samajh unaki or lapaka. pas jane par ve kahane lagi- 'maian padmavati hooan.' par ratnasen ne dekha ki yah padmavati nahian hai, tab chat muanh pher liya. ant mean lakshmi ratnasen ko padmavati ke pas le geean. ratnasen aur padmavati kee dinoan tak samudr aur lakshmi ke mehaman rahe. padmavati ki prarthana par lakshmi ne un sab sathiyoan ko bhi la kh da kiya jo idhar udhar bah ge the. jo mar ge the ve bhi amrit se jivit kie ge. is prakar b de anand se donoan vahaan se vida hue. vida hote samay samudr ne bahut se amooly ratn die. sabase badhakar paanch padarth die -

1. amrit
2. hans
3. rajapakshi
4. shardool aur
5. paras patthar.

in sab anamol padarthoan ko lie ant mean ratnasen aur padmavati chittau d pahuanch ge. nagamati aur padmavati donoan raniyoan ke sath ratnasen sukhapoorvak rahane lage. nagamati se nagasen aur padmavati se kamalasen ye do putr raja ko hue.

raghav ko desh nikala

chittau dagadh ki rajasabha mean raghavachetan nam ka ek pandit tha jise yakshini siddh thi. ek din raja ne panditoan se poochha, 'dooj kab hai?' raghav ke muanh se nikala 'aj'. aur sab panditoan ne ek svar se kaha ki 'aj nahian ho sakati, kal hogi.' raghav ne kaha 'ki yadi aj dooj n ho to maian pandit nahian.' panditoan ne kaha ki 'raghav vamamargi hai; yakshini ki pooja karata hai, jo chahe so kar dikhave, par aj dooj nahian ho sakati.' raghav ne yakshini ke prabhav se usi din sandhya ke samay dvitiya ka chandrama dikha diya.' par jab doosare din chandrama dekha gaya tab vah dvitiya ka hi chandrama tha. is par panditoan ne raja ratnasen se kaha - 'dekhie, yadi kal dvitiya rahi hoti, to aj chandrama ki kala kuchh adhik hoti; jhooth aur sach ki parakh kar lijie.' raghav ka bhed khul gaya aur vah ved viruddh achar karane vala pramanit hua. raja ratnasen ne use desh nikale ka dand diya.

raghav ka badala

padmavati ne jab yah suna tab usane aise guni pandit ka asantusht hokar jana rajy ke lie achchha nahian samajha. usane bhari dan dekar raghav ko prasann karana chaha. sooryagrahan ka dan dene ke lie usane use bulaya. jab raghav mahal ke niche aya tab padmavati ne apane hath ka ek amooly kangan, jisaka jo da aur kahian dushprapy tha, jharokhe par se pheanka. jharokhe par padmavati ki jhalak dekh raghav besudh hokar gir p da. jab use chet hua tab usane socha ki ab yah kangan lekar badashah ke pas dilli chalooan aur padmini ke roop ka usake samane varnan karooan. vah lampat hai, turant chittau d par chadhaee karega aur isake jo d ka doosara kangan bhi mujhe inam dega. yadi aisa hua to raja se maian badala bhi le looanga aur sukh se jivan bhi bitaooanga.

alauddin dvara chadhaee aur sandhi

yah sochakar raghav dilli pahuancha aur vahaan badashah alauddin ko kangan dikhakar usane padmini ke roop ka varnan kiya. alauddin ne b de adar se use apane yahaan rakha aur 'saraja' namak ek doot ke hath ek patr ratnasen ke pas bheja ki padmini ko turant bhej do, badale mean aur jitana rajy chaho le lo. patr pate hi raja ratnasen krodh se lal ho gaya aur big dakar doot ko vapas kar diya. alauddin ne chittau d gadh par chadhaee kar di. ath varsh tak musalaman chittau d ko ghere rahe aur ghor yuddh hota raha, par gadh n toot saka. isi bich dilli se ek patr alauddin ko mila jisamean harev logoan ke phir se chadh ane ka samachar likha tha. badashah ne jab yah dekha ki gadh nahian tootata hai tab usane kapat ki ek chal sochi. usane ratnasen ke pas sandhi ka ek prastav bheja aur yah kahalaya ki mujhe padmini nahian chahie; samudr se jo paanch amooly vastuean tumhean mili haian unhean dekar mel kar lo.

nitijnoan dvara virodh

raja ne svikar kar liya aur badashah ko chittau dagadh ke bhitar le jakar b di dhoomadham se usaki davat ki. gora badal namak vishvasapatr saradaroan ne raja ko bahut samajhaya ki musalamanoan ka vishvas karana thik nahian, par raja ne dhyan n diya. ve donoan vir nitijn saradar roothakar apane ghar chale ge. kee dinoan tak badashah ki mehamanadari hoti rahi. ek din vah tahalate tahalate padmini ke mahal ki or bhi ja nikala, jahaan ek se ek roopavati striyaan svagat ke lie kh di thian. badashah ne raghav se, jo barabar usake sath sath tha, poochha ki 'inamean padmini kaun hai?' raghav ne kaha, 'padmini inamean kahaan? ye to usaki dasiyaan haian.' badashah padmini ke mahal ke samane hi ek sthan par baithakar raja ke sath shataranj khelane laga. jahaan vah baitha tha vahaan usane ek darpan bhi rakh diya tha ki padmini yadi jharokhe par avegi to usaka pratibimb darpan mean dekhooanga. padmini kutoohalavash jharokhe ke pas aee aur badashah ne usaka pratibimb darpan mean dekha. dekhate hi vah behosh hokar gir p da.

ratnasen ko pak dakar dilli le jana

ant mean badashah ne raja se vida maangi. raja use pahuanchane ke lie sath- sath chala. ek ek phatak par badashah raja ko kuchh n kuchh deta chala. antim phatak par hote hi raghav ke ishare se badashah ne ratnasen ko pak d liya aur baandhakar dilli le gaya. vahaan raja ko tang kothari mean band karake vah anek prakar ke bhayankar kasht dene laga. idhar chittau d mean hahakar mach gaya. donoan raniyaan ro rokar pran dene lagian. is avasar par raja ratnasen ke shatru kumbhalaner ke raja devapal ko dushtata soojhi. usane kumudani nam ki dooti ko padmavati ke pas bheja. pahale to padmini apane mayake ki stri sunakar b de prem se mili aur usase apana du:kh kahane lagi, par jab dhire dhire usaka bhed khula tab usane uchit dand dekar use nikalava diya. isake pichhe alauddin ne bhi jogin ke vesh mean ek dooti is asha se bheji ki vah ratnasen se bheant karane ke bahane padmini ko jogin banakar apane sath dilli laegi. par usaki dal bhi n gali.

gora badal

ant mean padmini gora aur badal ke ghar gee aur un donoan kshatriy viroan ke samane apana du:kh rokar usane unase raja ko chhu dane ki prarthana ki. donoan ne raja ko chhu dane ki dridh pratijna ki aur rani ko bahut dhiraj bandhaya. donoan ne socha ki jis prakar musalamanoan ne dhokha diya hai usi prakar unake sath bhi chal chalani chahie. unhoanne solah sau dhaki palakiyoan ke bhitar sashastr rajapoot saradaroan ko bithaya aur jo sabase uttam aur bahumooly palaki thi usake bhitar aujar ke sath ek lohar ko bithaya. is prakar ve yah prasiddh karake chale ki solah sau dasiyoan ke sahit padmini dilli ja rahi hai.

gora badal ka ratnasen ko chhu dana

gora ke putr badal ki avastha bahut tho di thi. jis din dilli jana tha usi din usaka gauna aya tha. usaki navagata vadhoo ne use yuddh mean jane se bahut roka par us vir kumar ne ek n suni. ant mean solah sau savariyoan ke sahit ve dilli ke qile mean pahuanche. vahaan karmachariyoan ko ghoos dekar apane anukool kiya jisase kisi ne palakiyoan ki talashi n li. badashah ke yahaan khabar gee ki padmini aee hai aur kahati hai ki raja se mil looan aur unhean chittau d ke khazane ki kuanji supurd kar dooan tab mahal mean jaooan. badashah ne ajna de di. vah saji huee palaki vahaan pahuanchaee gee jahaan raja ratnasen kaid tha. palaki mean se nikalakar lohar ne chat raja ki be di kat di aur vah shastr lekar ek gho de par savar ho gaya jo pahale se taiyar tha. dekhate dekhate aur hathiyaraband saradar bhi palakiyoan mean se nikal p de. is prakar gora aur badal raja ko chhu dakar chittau dagadh chale.

ratnasen ka badala lena aur shahid hona

badashah ne jab suna tab apani sena sahit pichha kiya. gora badal ne jab shahi fauj pichhe dekhi tab ek hazar sainikoan ko lekar gora to shahi fauj ko rokane ke lie dat gaya aur badal raja ratnasen ko lekar chittau d ki or badha. vriddh vir gora b di virata se l dakar aur hajaroan ko marakar ant mean 'saraja' ke hath se mara gaya. is bich mean raja ratnasen chittau d pahuanch gaya. pahuanchate hi usi din rat ko padmini ke muanh se ratnasen ne jab devapal ki dushtata ka hal suna tab usane use baandh lane ki pratijna ki. sabera hote hi ratnasen ne kumbhalaner par chadhaee kar di. ratnasen aur devapal ke bich dvandv yuddh hua. devapal ki saang ratnasen ki nabhi mean ghusakar us par nikal gee. devapal saang marakar lautana hi chahata tha ki ratnasen ne use ja pak da aur usaka sir katakar usake hath-pair baandhean. is prakar apani pratijna poori kar aur chittau dagadh ki raksha ka bhar 'badal' ko sauanp ratnasen ne sharir chho da.

raniyoan ka sati hona

raja ke shav ko lekar padmavati aur nagamati donoan raniyaan sati ho geean. itane mean shahi sena chittau dagadh a pahuanchi. badashah ne padmini ke sati hone ka samachar suna. badal ne pran rahate gadh ki raksha ki par ant mean vah phatak ki l daee mean mara gaya aur chittau dagadh par musalamanoan ka adhikar ho gaya.

padmavat ki aitihasikata

[[chitr:Padmavat-2.jpg|thumb|rani nagamati ek tote (sua) se apani sundarata ke bare mean poochhati huee]]

• padmavat ki sampoorn akhyayika ko ham do bhagoan mean vibhakt kar sakate haian -

poorvarddh

ratnasen ki sianhaladvip yatr se lekar chittau d lautane tak ham katha ka poorvardh man sakate haian. poorvardh ek kalpit kahani hai.

uttarardh

raghav ke nikale jane se lekar padmini ke sati hone tak uttarardh. uttarardh aitihasik adhar par hai.

• t aaud ke anusar - 'alauddin ne sanvat 1346 mean phir chittau dagadh par chadhaee ki. isi doosari chadhaee mean rana apane gyarah putroan sahit mare ge. jab rana ke gyarah putr mare ja chuke aur svayan rana ke yuddhakshetr mean jane ki bari aee tab padmini ne jauhar kiya. kee sau rajapoot lalanaoan ke sath padmini ne chittau dagadh ke us gupt bhoodhare mean pravesh kiya jahaan un sati striyoan ko apani god mean lene ke lie ag dahak rahi thi. idhar yah kaand samapt hua udhar vir bhimasi ne ranakshetr mean shariratyag kiya.' tad ne jo vrittantash diya hai vah rajapootane mean rakshit charanoan ke itihasoan ke adhar par hai.
• thik yahi vrittant 'aina e akabari' mean diya hua hai. 'aina e akabari' mean bhimasi ke sthan par ratanasi (ratnasianh ya ratnasen) nam hai.
• in donoan aitihasik vrittantoan ke sath jayasi dvara varnit katha ka milan karane se kee batoan ka pata chalata hai. pahali bat to yah hai ki jayasi ne jo 'ratnasen' nam diya hai yah unaka kalpit nahian hai, kyoanki pray: unake samasamayik ya tho de hi pichhe ke granth 'aine akabari' mean bhi yahi nam aya tha. yah nam avashy itihasajnoan mean prasiddh tha.
• jayasi ne ratnasen ka musalamanoan ke hath se mara jana n likhakar jo devapal ke sath dvandvayuddh mean kumbhalaneragadh ke niche mara jana likha hai usaka adhar shayad vishvasaghati ke sath badashah se milane jane vala vah pravad ho jisaka ullekh aine akabarikar ne kiya hai.

uttar bharat mean prachalit katha

ab 'padmavat' ki poorvardh katha jayasi dvara kalpit hai athava jayasi ke pahale se kahani ke roop mean janasadharan ke bich prachalit chali ati hai. uttar bharat mean, visheshat: avadh mean, 'padmini rani aur hiraman sooe' ki kahani ab tak pray: usi roop mean kahi jati hai jis roop mean jayasi ne usaka varnan kiya hai.

• jayasi itihasavijn the isase unhoanne ratnasen, alauddin adi nam die haian, par kahani kahane vale nam nahian lete haian; keval yahi kahate haian ki 'ek raja tha', 'dilli ka ek badashah tha', ityadi. yah kahani bich bich mean ga gakar kahi jati hai. jaise, raja ki pahali rani jab darpan mean apana muanh dekhati hai tab sooe se poochhati hai-

des des tum phirau ho suata. more roop aur kahu koee॥
sooa uttar deta hai-
kah bakhanauan sianhal ke rani. tore roop bharai sab pani॥

anuman hai ki jayasi ne prachalit kahani ko hi lekar sookshm byoroan ki manohar kalpana karake, ise kavy ka sundar svaroop diya hai. is manohar kahani ko kee logoan ne kavy ke roop mean baandha.

• husain gajanavi ne 'qissa e padmavat' nam ka ek pharasi kavy likha.
• sanh 1652 ee. mean rayagoviand muanshi ne padmavati ki kahani pharasi gady mean 'tukaphatul kuloob' ke nam se likhi.
• usake bad mir jiyauddin 'ibrat' aur gulamali 'isharat' ne milakar sanh 1769 ee. mean urdoo sheroan mean is kahani ko likha.
• malik muhammad jayasi ne apani padmavat sanh 1520 ee. mean likhi thi.

'padmavat' ki premapaddhati

[[chitr:Padmavat-3.jpg|thumb|vasudev sharan agraval dvara padmavat ki vyakhya]] 'padmavat' ek prem kahani hai. ab sankshep mean yah dekhana chahie ki kaviyoan mean dampaty prem ka avirbhav varnan karane ki jo pranaliyaan prachalit haian unamean se 'padmavat' mean varnit prem kisake antargat jata hai.

• jayasi ke shrriangar mean manasik paksh pradhan hai, sharirik gaun hai. chumban, aliangan adi ka varnan kavi ne bahut kam kiya hai, keval man ke ullas aur vedana ka kathan adhik kiya hai. prayatn nayak ki or se hai aur usaki kathinata dvara kavi ne nayak ke prem ko napa hai. nayak ka yah adarsh laila majanooan, shirian pharahad adi arabi pharasi kahaniyoan ke adarsh se milata julata hai
• bharatiy premapaddhati adi mean to lokasambaddh aur vyavaharatmak thi hi, pichhe bhi adhikatar vaisi hi rahi. adikavi ke kavy mean prem lokavyavahar se kahian alag nahian dikhaya gaya hai, jivan ke aur vibhagoan ke saundary ke bich usake saundary ki prabha phootati dikhaee p dati hai.
• jayasi ne yadyapi ishk ke dastanavali masanaviyoan ke prem ke svaroop ko pradhan rakha hai par bich bich mean bharat ke lok vyavahar sanlagn svaroop ka bhi mel kiya hai. ishk ki masanaviyoan ke saman 'padamavat' lokapakshashoony nahian hai. raja jogi hokar ghar se nikalata hai, itana kahakar kavi yah bhi kahata hai ki chalate samay usaki mata aur rani donoan use ro rokar rokati haian. jaise kavi ne raja se sanyog hone par padmavati ke rasarang ka varnan kiya vaise hi sianhaladvip se vida hote samay parijanoan aur sakhiyoan se alag hone ka svabhavik du:kh bhi. kavi ne jagah jagah padmavati ko jaise chandr, kamal ityadi ke roop mean dekha hai, vaise hi use pratham samagam se darate, sapatni se jhag date aur priy ke hit ke anukool lokavyavahar karate bhi dekha hai.
• raghavachetan ke nikale jane par raja aur rajy ke anisht ki ashanka se padmavati us brahman ko apana khas kangan dan dekar santusht karana chahati hai. lokavyavahar ke bich bhi apani abha ka prasar karane vali premajyoti ka mahattv kuchh kam nahian.
• jayasi aikantik prem ki goodhata aur gambhirata ke bich mean jivan ke aur aangoan ke sath bhi us prem ke sampark ka svaroop kuchh dikhate ge haian, isase unaki premagatha parivarik aur samajik jivan se vichchhinn hone se bach gee hai.par hai vah premagatha hi, poorn jivanagatha nahian. granth ka poorvardh-adhe se adhik bhag-to premamarg ke vivaran se hi bhara hai.uttarardh mean jivan ke aur aangoan ka sannivesh milata hai par ve poornataya parisphut nahian haian. mean bhavatmak aur vyavaharatmak donoan shailiyoan ka mel hai.
• dampaty prem ke atirikt manushy ki aur vrittiyaan, jinaka kuchh vistar ke sath samavesh hai, ve yatra, yuddh, sapatnikalah, matrisneh, svamibhakti, virata, chhal aur satitv haian. par inake hote hue bhi 'padmavat' ko ham shrriangar ras pradhan kavy hi kah sakate haian. 'ramacharit' ke saman manushy jivan ki bhinn bhinn bahut si paristhitiyoan aur sambndhoany ka isamean samanvay nahian hai.

roopalobh aur premalakshan

raja ratnasen tote ke muanh se padmavati ka alaukik roopavarnan sun jis bhav ki prerana se nikal p data hai vah pahale roopalobh hi kaha ja sakata hai. premalakshan usi samay dikhaee p data hai jab vah shivamandir mean padmavati ki jhalak dekh besudh ho jata hai. is prem ki poornata us samay sphut hoti hai jab parvati apsara ka roop dharan karake usake samane ati haian aur vah unake roop ki or dhyain n dekar kahata hai ki-

bhalehi rang achhari tor rata. mohi dusare sauan bhav n bata॥
ukt kathan se roopalobh ki vyanjana nahian hoti, prem ki vyanjana hoti hai.
jayasi ke varnan mean sanyog aur viyog donoan ka mishran hai. ratnasen ka nam tak sunane ke pahale viyog ki vyakulata kaise huee, isaka samadhan kavi ke pas yadi kuchh hai to ratnasen ke yog ka alakshy prabhav-
padamavati tehi jog sanjoga. pari prem bas gahe viyoga॥

nagamati ka prem

sadhanatmak rahasyavad mean yog jis prakar ajnat eeshvar ke prati hota hai usi prakar soophiyoan ka premayog bhi ajnat ke prati hota hai. padmavati ke navaprasphutit prem ke sath sath nagamati ka garhasthy paripusht prem bhi atyant manohar hai. padmavati premika ke roop mean adhik lakshit hoti hai, par nagamati patipran hindoo patni ke madhur roop mean hi hamare samane ati hai. use pahale pahal ham roopagarvita aur premagarvita ke roop mean dekhate haian. ye donoan prakar ke garv dampaty sukh ke dyotak haian.

nagamati ka viyog

jayasi ke bhavuk hriday ne svakiya ke punit prem ke saundary ko pahachana. nagamati ka viyog hindi sahity mean vipralambh shrriangar ka atyant utkrisht niroopan hai. purushoan ke bahuvivah ki pratha se utpann premamarg ki vyavaharik jatilata ko jis darshanik dhang se kavi ne sulajhaya hai vah dhyahn dene yogy hai. nagamati aur padmavati ko jhag date sunakar dakshin nayak raja ratnasen donoan ko samajhata hai-

ek bar jei priy man boojha . so dusare sauan kahe k joojha॥
ais jnan man jan n koee . kabahooan rati , kabahooan din hoee॥
dhoop chhaanh doonau ek ranga . doonoan mile rahahian ek sanga॥
joojhab chhaan dahu , boojhahu dooo. sev karahu, sevaphal hooo॥

oopar ki chaupaiyoan mean pati patni ke parasparik premasambandhoan ki bat bachakar sevy-sevak bhav par zor diya gaya hai. isi prakar ki yuktiyoan se purani ritiyoan ka samarthan pray: kiya jata hai. hinduoan aur musalamanoan donoan mean kee striyoan se vivah karane ki riti barabar se hai. at: ek premagatha ke bhitar bhi jayasi ne usaka sannivesh karake b de kaushal se usake dvara mat sambandhi vivad shanti ka upadesh nikala hai.

shaili

jayasi ne is mahakavy ki rachana doha-chaupaiyoan mean ki hai. jayasi sanskrit, arabi evan pharasi ke jnata the, phir bhi unhoanne apane granth ki rachana theth avadhi bhasha mean ki. isi bhasha evan shaili ka prayog bad mean gosvami tulasidasaji ne apane grantharatn 'ramacharit manas' mean kiya. padmavat ki bhasha avadhi hai. chaupaee namak chhand ka prayog isame milata hai. inaki prabandh kushalata kamal ki hai. jayasi ke mahatv ke sambandh mean baboo gulabaray likhate hai -

"jayasi mahanh kavi hai ,unamean kavi ke samast sahaj gun vidman hai. unhoanne samayik samasya ke lie prem ki pir ki den di. us pir ko unhoanne shaktishali mahakavy ke dvara upasthit kiya . ve amar kavi hai."

jayasi ne 'padmavat' ke madhyam se hindoo aur musalamanoan ki prithakh sanskritiyoan, dharmo, manyataoan evan paranparaoan ke bich samanvay tatha prem ka nirjhar pravahit kiya. vaishnavoan ke eeshvaronmukh prem evan soophiyoan ke rahasyavad ko jayasi ne mila diya hai. 'padmavat' jayasi ki kavy-kala ka utkrisht udaharan hai. hindi ke mahakavyoan mean tulasikrit 'ramacharit manas' ke bad 'padmavat' ki samakakshata mean koee bhi granth nahian thaharata. sahityik rahasyavad evan darshanik saundary se paripusht jayasi ki yah kriti unaki kirti ko amar rakhegi, isamean sandeh nahian hai. unaki doosari prasiddh pustak 'akharavat' hai, jisamean varnamala ke ek-ek akshar par soophi siddhaantoan se sanbandhit batoan ka vivechan hai. 'akhiri kalam' mean mrityu ke bad jiv ki dasha tatha kayamat ke aantim nyay ka varnan hai.

nidhan

ramachandr shukl ne qazi nasirooddin husain jayasi ke adhar par jayasi ka mrityu-kal 949 hijari (1542 ee.) svikar kiya hai. jayasi ki mrityu amethi mean huee. amethi mean jayasi ki qabr hai, jahaan hindoo-musalaman saman shraddhapoorvak ate haian. kavi ke roop mean malik muhammad jayasi ki kirti ka ek hi mahattvapoorn adhar 'padmavat' hai, jise kavi ne rakt aur prem-jal se bhigokar likha hai.

rachanaean

jayasi ki any rachanaean ye haian- 'akharavat', 'akhiri kalam', 'chitrarekha', 'masalanama', 'kaharanama'.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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bahari k diyaan

• malik muhammad jayasi
• malik muhammad jayasi ki samanvay bhavana
• malik muhammad jayasi
• achary ramachandr shukl granthavali -1

sanbandhit lekh

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