पनडुब्बी
[[chitr:INS-Chakra-II.JPG|thumb|250px|aeeenes chakr 2]] panadubbi (aangrezi: Submarine) ek prakar ka pani ka jahaj ya jalayan hai. ye samudratal par aur usake niche chal sakane vala yuddhapot jo goloan, topoan, tarapi do adi se sajjit hoti hai. ise 'jalabhyantaravahini nauka' bhi kaha jata hai.
- isaka upayog pani ke andar rahakar samudri raste se ane vale dushmanoan ka pata lagane mean kiya jata hai.
- panadubbi ka sarvadhik upayog sena mean kiya jata hai. yah kisi bhi desh ki nausena ka vishisht hathiyar ban gee haian.
- panadubbiyaan pahale bhi banayi geean thian, lekin yah unnisavian shatabdi mean lokapriy huee. sabase pahale pratham vishv yuddh mean inaka prayog kiya gaya tha.
- vishv ki pahali panadubbi san 1602 ee. mean vaijnanik dach dvara yah pani ke bhitar rahate hue samast sainik kary karane mean saksham thi, isake banane ke ek varsh bad hi ise ameriki kranti mean prayog mean laya gaya tha.
- panadubbiyoan ki takanik aur nirman mean san 1620 ee. se ab tak bahut badalav aya hai. pahali sainik panadubbi tartal san 1775 ee. mean banayi gayi thi.
- san 1950 ee. mean pahali bar panadubbi ko paramanu oorja se chalaya gaya. isake bad samudri jal se aauksijan grahan karane vali panadubbiyoan ka bhi nirman kiya gaya. in do mahatvapoorn avishkaroan se panadubbi ke nirman kshetr mean pragati huee. adhunik panadubbiyaan kee saptah athava mahinoan tak pani ke andar rahane mean saksham haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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