फ़ख़रुद्दीन अली अहमद
fakharuddin ali ahamad
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| poora nam | fakharuddin ali ahamad |
| janm | 13 mee, 1905 |
| janm bhoomi | purani dilli |
| mrityu | 11 pharavari, 1977 |
| mrityu sthan | bharat |
| mrityu karan | hridayaghat |
| abhibhavak | karnal jalanoor ali ahamad |
| pati/patni | abida begam |
| santan | paravej (putr), samina (putri), durej (putr) |
| qabr | sansad marg par sthit 'grin domd jama masjid' |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| parti | kaangres |
| pad | bharat ke paanchavean rashtrapati |
| kary kal | 24 agast, 1974 se 11 faravari, 1977 |
| shiksha | snatak |
| vidyalay | kaimbrij vishvavidyalay |
| bhasha | hindi, aangrezi |
| jel yatra | 13 aprail, 1940 ko giraftar karake ek varsh ke lie jel mean dal diya. riha hone kuchh samay pashchath inhean suraksha karanoan se pun: giraftar kar liya gaya. is bar inhean aprail, 1945 tak sadhe tin varsh jel bhugatani p di. |
| vishesh yogadan | fakharuddin ali ahamad ka rashtrapati nirvachit hona vibhinn alpasankhyak samudayoan ki jit thi. isase desh mean sampradayik sauhard badha aur muslim varg mean badhata asantosh kam hua. |
fakharuddin ali ahamad (aangrezi: Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, janm: 13 mee, 1905 - mrityu: 11 faravari, 1977) bharatavarsh ke paanchavean rashtrapati (nam ke anusar fakharuddin ali ahamad paanchavean rashtrapati aur karyakal ke anusar yah chhathe rashtrapati) ke roop mean jane jate haian. inaka rashtrapati chuna jana bhi bharatavarsh ki dharmanirapeksh sanvaidhanik vyavastha ka ek jvalant praman hai. 'muslim varg ko svatantr bharat mean samman nahian prapt ho sakega' is kalpit adhar ke karan bharat ka vibhajan kiya gaya tha. muslim lig aur usake netaoan ne satta lolupata ke karan paraspar sauhardr ko bhi bhari kshati pahuanchaee thi. lekin fakharuddin ali ahamad ke roop mean jab doosara muslim vyakti bharat ka rashtrapati bana to yah spasht ho gaya ki bharatiy sanvaidhanik dharmanirapekshata ka vishv mean koee sani nahian hai.
janm evan parivar
fakharuddin ali ahamad ka janm 13 mee, 1905 ko purani dilli ke hauz qazi ilaqe mean hua tha. inake pita ka nam 'karnal jalanoor ali ahamad' aur dada ka nam 'khaliluddin ahamad' tha. fakharuddin ali ahamad ke dada golaghat shahar ke nikat kadarighat ke nivasi the, jo asam ke sivasagar mean sthit tha. inake dada ka nikah us parivar mean hua tha, jisane aurangazeb dvara asam vijay ke bad aurangazeb ke pratinidhi ke roop mean asam par shasan kiya tha. fakharuddin ali ahamad ke pita tab aangrez sena mean indiyan medikal sarvis ke tahat karnal ke pad par the. inhean ek ghatana ke karan asam chho dane par majaboor hona p da tha.
ek din fakharuddin ali ahamad ke pita karnal jalanoor ali apane sathiyoan tatha karnal sibaran bora ke sath shilaang klab ke ek samaroh mean yooropiyan atithiyoan se alag sthan par baithe hue the. tabhi do asami karnaloan ne samaroh ka yah kahate hue bahishkar kar diya ki unhean samaroh mean prithakh rakha gaya hai. isase samaroh mean vyavadhan p da aur kuchh kupit yooropiyan adhikariyoan ne karnal jalanoor ali ahamad ka sthanaantaran uttar pashchimi ilake mean kar diya. sthanaantaran ke bad jalanoor ali ahamad ko lohari ke navab ke qarib ane ka mauqa prapt hua, jab yah dilli mean the. us parichay ke bad navab jiyauddin ahamad ke sath karnal jalanoor ali ahamad ki nikatata kafi badh gee. phir 1900 mean inaka nikah navab sahab ki poti ke sath padh diya gaya loharu stet ke navab ki pautri ke sath nikah hona behad samman ki bat thi. inaki begam ka nam rukaiyya tha. fakharuddin ali ahamad inake hi putr haian. fakharuddin ali ahamad ke char bhaee aur paanch bahanean thian. yah apane mata-pita ki chauthi santan the.
vidyarthi jivan
fakharuddin ali ahamad n keval ek nami muslim gharane mean paida hue the, balki inake parivar mean behad sampannata aur shiksha ke prati achchhi jagriti bhi thi. inaki aranbhik shiksha uttar pradesh ke goanda mean sarakari haee skool mean sampann huee, lekin 1918 mean pita ka sthanaantaran dilli ho gaya. tab yah bhi dilli a ge. us samay vah satavian kaksha ke chhatr the. 1921 mean unhoanne panjab vishvavidyalay, lahaur se maitrik ki pariksha uttirn ki. usake bad fakharuddin ali ahamad prasiddh stiphan k aaulej mean dakhil hue. kuchh samay pashchath yah uchch adhyayan ke lie ianglaind chale ge. kaimbrij vishvavidyalay ke aantargat inaka dakhila seant kaitharin k aaulej mean ho gaya. 1927 mean fakharuddin ali ahamad ne snatak star ki shiksha tatha 1928 mean vidhi ki shiksha sampann kar li. vidhi ki digri lene ke bad yah bharat laut ae aur panjab haee kort mean vakil ke taur par namaankit hue.
vyavasay
fakharuddin ali ahamad apane pita ke mitr muhammad shaphi jo peshe se ek edavoket the unake sahayog mean akar ek sahayogi ke roop mean vidhi vyavasay karane lage. lekin kuchh samay bad pita ki prerana se fakharuddin ali asam chale ge. inhoanne apane grih rajy ke gohati haee kort mean vidhi vyavasay aranbh kiya. kuchh samay bad inhean b di saphalata prapt huee. yah uchchatam nyayalay mean bataur varishth edavoket ke roop mean kary karane lage. fakharuddin ali ke pita karnal jalanoor ali ahamad ek rashtravadi shakhs the lekin svayan fakharuddin ali ne unase ek qadam age rahate hue 1931 mean akhil bharatiy kaangres parti ki prathamik sadasyata prapt kar li. 1937 mean yah asam lejisaletiv asembali mean surakshit muslim sit se nirvachit hue. lekin tab vah ek svatantr ummidavar ki haisiyat se asembali mean pahuanche the. javaharalal neharoo ki salah par hi unhoanne svatantr ummidavar ke taur par svayan ko namaankit kiya tha. yah pahale javaharalal neharoo ke najadik ae. usake bad netaji subhash chandr bos se inaki aantarangata badh gee. javaharalal neharoo ne inhean kaangres ki kary samiti ka sadasy banaya. 1964 se 1974 tak yah kary samiti aur kendriy sansadiy bord mean rahe.
1938 mean jab gopinath boradoloee ke netritv mean asam mean kaangres ki sanyukt sarakar bani to fakharuddin ali ahamad ko vitt evan rajasv mantralay ka karyabhar sauanpa gaya. vitt aur rajasv vibhag ka dayitv sanbhalate hue inhoanne vishisht evan ullekhaniy saphalata prapt ki tatha rajy ki vittiy sthiti mean apekshit sudhar kiya. 15 navambar 1939 ko mukhyamantri gopinath ne rajyapal ko apana tyagapatr de diya. is karan vitt evan rajasv mantri ke roop mean inaka karyakal kafi sankshipt raha.
jel yatra
mahatma gaandhi ke netritv mean jab satyagrah aandolan shuroo hua to fakharuddin ali ahamad ne bhi usamean bhag liya. is karan aangrez sarakar ne inhean 13 aprail 1940 ko giraphtar karake ek varsh ke lie jel mean dal diya. riha hone kuchh samay pashchath inhean suraksha karanoan se pun: giraphtar kar liya gaya. is bar inhean aprail 1945 tak sadhe tin varsh jel bhugatani p di.
dampaty jivan
fakharuddin ali ahamad ne vivah ka nirnay kafi samay bad kiya. unhoanne 9 navambar 1945 ko 40 varsh ki umr mean abida haidar ke sath nikah kiya. abida haidar ke valid ka nam muhammad sulatan haidar 'josh' tha. yah aangrezi hukoomat ki sivil sarvis mean the. begam abida ka janm haradoee uttar pradesh mean 17 julaee, 1923 ko hua tha. nikah ke samay inaki ayu 22 varsh thi aur inake shauhar inase 18 varsh b de the.
fakharuddin ali ahamad ki patni abida begam ne aligadh muslim vishvavidyalay se snatak ki upadhi prapt ki thi. der se vivah hone ke bavajood inaka dampaty jivan saphal raha aur inhean tin santanoan ki prapti huee. pratham santan ke roop mean inhean putr prapt hua, jisaka nam paravej ahamad rakha gaya. doosari santan putri thi, jisaka nam samina rakha gaya aur sabase chhoti santan ke roop mean putr ka nam durej ahamad rakha gaya. fakharuddin ali ahamad ki sharike-hayat abida begam sulajhe vicharoan vali ek shikshit mahila thian aur phain arts mean inaki kafi ruchi thi. vah saanskritik gatividhiyoan mean bhi utsah se bhag leti thian. abida begam ne iandira kaangres ke tikat par bareli uttar pradesh ki sit se lokasabha ka upachunav jita aur joon 1981 mean saansad nirvachit hueean. lokasabha sadasya ke roop mean inhoanne bareli ki janata mean apani vishisht sakh banaee. is karan bareli ki hi sansadiy sit se yah 1984 mean pun: lokasabha mean pahuanchian.
rajanitik jivan
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fakharuddin ali ahamad ne muslimoan ko sandesh diya ki samast duniya mean muslimoan ki alag-alag bhashaean haian. inhoanne udaharan dete hue spasht kiya ki eeran ke log parshiyan bhasha bolate haian, turki nagarik tarkish bhasha bolate haian, iandoneshiya ke muslim iandoneshiyaee bhasha bolate haian, panjab ke musalaman panjabi bhasha bolate haian aur maharashtriyan muslim marathi bhasha bolate haian. vah vyaktigat jivan mean svayan bhi samast bhashaoan ka samman karate the aur inaka vyaktitv hindustani sanskriti ka mila-jula roop tha.
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11 pharavari, 1946 ko gopinath boradoloee ke netritv mean asam mean kaangres ki sarakar bani. lekin is bar ke chunav mean fakharuddin ali ahamad har ge. parantu kaangres ke anurodh par unhoanne asam ke edavoket janaral ka padabhar sanbhala aur 1952 tak is pad par bane rahe. 1952 mean inhean rajyasabha ki sadasyata prapt huee aur sansad mean pahuanch ge. 1955 mean vah bharatiy vakiloan ke shishtamandal ka netritv karate hue soviyat sangh bhi ge. 1957 mean unhoanne yoo. en.o. mean bharatiy shishtamandal ka netritv kiya.
isake bad fakharuddin ali asam vidhanasabha mean nirvachit hue aur inhean asam rajy ki b di zimmedariyaan di geean. apane karyakal ke dauran inhoanne vitt, qanoon aur panchayat vibhagoan ko sanbhala. 1962 mean yah pun: asam vidhanasabha mean pahuanche aur inhean mantrimandal mean sthan bhi prapt hua. lekin unhoanne svaichchhik adhar par 'sthaniy svayatt sarakar' se tyagapatr de diya. 1964 mean yah soviyat sangh ke nimantran par m aausko ge. vapasi mean inhoanne japan aur haangakaang ki yatra bhi ki. 1965 mean vah maleshiya ke svadhinata samaroh mean bharat sarakar ke pratinidhi ke roop mean upasthit hue.
mantrimandal
fakharuddin ali ahamad shrimati iandira gaandhi ke qaribi sahayogi the. 29 janavari 1966 ko inhean sanghiy mantrimandal mean pradhanamantri iandira gaandhi ne shamil kar liya. inhean sianchaee evan oorja mantralay ka karyabhar kaibinet mantri ke roop mean prapt hua. is prakar kendriy mantrimandal mean muslim varg ke pratinidhitv mean izafa hua aur asam rajy ka koee vyakti pahali bar kendriy mantri banane mean saphal raha. yadyapi rashtriy rajaniti ke shirsh par yah pandit neharoo ke samay mean hi a ge the lekin us samay yah saansad nahian the aur asam vidhanasabha ke pratinidhi hi the. jab inhean 'yooniyan kauansil aauf ministars' mean shamil kiya gaya to yah avashyak tha ki inhean agale chhah mah mean sansad ke kisi bhi sadan ki sadasyata dilaee jae. at: aprail 1966 mean yah rajyasabha mean pahuanche. inhoanne shiksha mantri ke roop mean bhi 14 navambar 1966 se 12 march 1967 tak kary kiya.
fakharuddin ali ahamad ne asam rajy ki barapeta sansadiy sit se lokasabha ka chunav l da aur vijayi hue. 1967 mean is saphalata ke bad inhean kendriy mantrimandal mean sharik karate hue audyogik vikas aur kampani mamaloan ka mantralay sauanpa gaya. 27 joon 1970 ko jab kendriy mantrimandal mean bhari pherabadal kiya gaya to inhean khady evan krishi mantralay mila. 1971 ke lokasabha chunav mean yah pun: barapeta ki sit se nirvachit hue. 3 julaee 1974 tak khady krishi mantri ke roop mean inaki sevaean jari rahian.
videshi yatraean
fakharuddin ali ahamad ne yooniyan kaibinet ministar rahate hue pashchim jarmani, ianglaind, hangari, bulgariya, itali, soviyat sangh, phraans, eeran aur shrilanka ki yatraean kian. morakko mean jab islamik sammelan hua to yah bharat sarakar ke pratinidhi ke roop mean sammilit hue. 1971 mean vah bharat sarakar ke pratinidhi banakar arab amirat ge taki poorvi pakistan mean pakistan dvara ki gee sainik karravaee ke sanbandh mean bharat ka paksh prastut kar sakean. kendriy mantri rahate hue vah vakph samiti ke sabhapati bane rahe.
1966 mean jab galib punyatithi shatabdi samaroh dilli mean manaya gaya to fakharuddin ali ahamad ne d aauktar jakir husain ko samaroh samiti ka sachiv banaya. inake sahayog se galib k aaumpleks tatha galib myooziyam aur shodh pustakalay ki sthapana irvin h aauspital ke nikat ki gee. 23 agast 1973 ko pradhanamantri shrimati iandira gaandhi ne galib aauditoriyam ka udghatan kiya. isake atirikt mirja galib ki smriti mean ek svayattashasi nyas ki sthapana bhi ki gee.
rashtrapati pad par
3 julaee 1974 ko fakharuddin ali ahamad ne kendriy khady evan krishi mantri ke roop mean apana tyagapatr de diya. kaangres parti inhean agale rashtrapati chunav hetu apana pratyashi banana chahati thi. us samay kaangres bahut mazaboot sthiti mean thi aur usake prastavit ummidavar ka rashtrapati banana tay tha. rashtrapati chunav ka parinam 20 agast 1974 ko ghoshit hua. kaangres ke pratyashi ke roop mean inhean vijay prapt huee. tab inake pratidvandvi ummidavar tridip chaudhari the, jinhean vipaksh ki ath partiyoan ne apana ummidavar banaya tha. fakharuddin ali ko dale ge votoan ka 80 pratishat mila tha.
is chunav se pun: sabit hua ki bharat ki dharmanirapekshata sarvopari hai. is prakar ek 'kazi' ke pautr ne desh ka sarvochch pad prapt kiya. inaka rashtrapati nirvachit hona vibhinn alpasankhyak samudayoan ki jit thi. isase desh mean sampradayik sauhard badha aur muslim varg mean badhata asantosh kam hua. rashtrapati niyukt hone ke samay yah lok sabha ke sadasy bhi the, at: unhoanne 21 agast 1974 lok sabha ki sadasyata se istipha de diya. 24 agast 1974 ko subah 9 baje fakharuddin ali ne bharat ke paanchavean rashtrapati ke roop mean pad evan gopaniyata ki shapath grahan ki. sarvochch nyayalay ke tatkalin mukhy nyayadhish shri e. en. re ne inhean uparashtrapati, pradhanamantri evan inake sathiyoan ki upasthiti mean hindi aur aangreji bhasha mean rashtrapati bhavan ke darabar hal mean shapath grahan karaee. 31 topoan ki salami ke madhy inhoanne rashtrapati pad ka karyabhar sanbhala.
1975 mean soodi arebiya ke tatkalin raja phaisal ke nidhan par fakharuddin ali ahamad bharat sarakar ke pratinidhi ki haisiyat se aantim sanskar mean upasthit hue. yah bharat ke dharmanirapeksh svaroop ke sath upasthit hue ekamatr rashtradhyaksh the. baki rashtradhyaksh muslim deshoan ke pratinidhi ke roop mean is mauke par upasthit hue the. rashtrapati banane ke bad yah hangari aur yoogoslaviya ki sarakari yatra par bhi ge.
fakharuddin ali ahamad ne desh mean urdoo ko uchit samman dilane ke lie vibhinn star kar kary kie. lekin unhoanne yah spasht kar diya ki koee bhi bhasha rashtriy sarakar ya rajy sarakar dvara prachalit bhasha nahian banaee ja sakati, jabaki vah bhasha am logoan mean prachalit n ho athava am logoan ke sanskaroan mean n ho. us samay bhasha ko lekar jo aandolan kie ja rahe the, unake sanbandh mean fakharuddin ali ahamad ne spasht chetavani di ki bhashaoan ko jabaran thopana thik nahian hoga. unhoanne urdoo bhasha ko lekar muslimoan ko bhi savadhan kiya ki matr urdoo hi muslimoan ki bhasha nahian hai. kisi bhi dharm ki koee ek hi bhasha nahian ho sakati.
sandesh
fakharuddin ali ne muslimoan ko sandesh diya ki samast duniya mean muslimoan ki alag-alag bhashaean haian. inhoanne udaharan dete hue spasht kiya ki eeran ke log parshiyan bhasha bolate haian, turki nagarik tarkish bhasha bolate haian, iandoneshiya ke muslim iandoneshiyaee bhasha bolate haian, panjab ke musalaman panjabi bhasha bolate haian aur maharashtriyan muslim marathi bhasha bolate haian. vah vyaktigat jivan mean svayan bhi samast bhashaoan ka samman karate the aur inaka vyaktitv hindustani sanskriti ka mila-jula roop tha.
iandira gaandhi ke qaribi
shrimati iandira gaandhi ke sath fakharuddin ali ahamad ke sadaiv atmiy evan parivarik sanbandh rahe. donoan ek-doosare ka hriday se samman karate the. mantri se rashtrapati banane tak bhi in sanbandhoan mean vishvas aur sneh bana raha. shrimati iandira gaandhi ke parivarik samarohoan mean bhi vah shirakat karate the. isi prakar fakharuddin ali ahamad ke parivar mean janm, maran evan varan sanbandhi avasaroan par shrimati gaandhi ek atmiy jan ki bhaanti upasthit rahati thian. shrimati iandira gaandhi ke pote rahul gaandhi evan priyanka gaandhi ke janmadin samarohoan mean bhag lene jate the. iandira gaandhi inhean ghar lakar eed ke tyohar ki badhaee deti thi. isi prakar shrimati iandira gaandhi ke janmadin par vah apani begam ke sath iandira gaandhi ke avas par badhaee dene jate the. rashtrapati banane ke bad bhi unhoanne is kram mean koee vyatikram nahian kiya.
vyaktitv
fakharuddin ali ahamad achar, vichar evan sanskaroan se bahut adarshavadi iansan the. inhoanne apani zindagi mean bhi kabhi bhi dhoomrapan nahian kiya aur n hi navabi sanskriti ke pratik 'pan' ka rasasvadan kiya. achchhe vastroan ke prati yah tab bhi utsahi rahe, jab svadesh lautane ke bad unhoanne 'khadi' ko apana liya. is samay tak ke yah ekamatr aise rashtrapati the, jo vibhinn avasaroan par pashchimi sabhyata vale paridhan dharan karate the. 1975 mean jab vah soodan tatha ijipt ki rajakiy yatra par ge to unhoanne yooropiyan paridhan dharan kie the. yah prat: kalin bhraman karate tatha golph khelate samay pray: ti-shart aur paiant pahanate the.
khel mean ruchi
fakharuddin ali ahamad ko bachapan se hi khelakood mean kafi ruchi thi. skool evan k aaulej star par unhoanne h aauki tatha phutab aaul mean pratinidhitv kiya. isake alava inhean tenis, golph aur shikar ki bhi ruchi thi. yah asam phutab aaul sangh aur asam kriket sangh ke bhi adhyaksh rahe. fakharuddin ali ahamad asam sports kauansil ke upadhyaksh bhi rahe aur eshiyan l aaun tenis sangh ke sath inaka sanbandh bad mean bhi bana raha. kalaantar mean inaki ruchi 'brij' khel mean bhi paida huee.
aantim samay
6 pharavari 1977 ko fakharuddin ali ahamad maleshiya, philipians aur barma (vartaman myaanmar) ki rajakiy yatra par ge. lekin iandoneshiya pahuanchane ke bad yah kharab svasthy ke karan barma aur philipians ki yatraean sthagit karake 10 pharavari 1977 ko bharat laut ae. 11 pharavari 1977 ki subah batharoom mean hridayaghat ka daura p dane ke karan vah pharsh par gir p de. phir prat: 8 bajakar 52 minat par inaka nidhan ho gaya. inaki mrityu ke samay do chhoti bahanean tatha patni abida begam hi inake nikat the. bhaee, putr, beti tatha any log tab desh ke bahar the lekin inaki mrityu ke bad ve bharat pahuanch ge.
aantim sanskar
shrimati iandira gaandhi ne fakharuddin ali ahamad ke daphanae jane ke sthan ki vyavastha mean poorn sahayog pradan kiya. inhean sansad marg par sthit 'grin domd jama masjid' mean rashtriy samman ke sath daphanaya gaya. 13 pharavari 1977 ko sham 4.30 baje inaka poorn muslim riti-rivajoan ke sath aantim sanskar kiya gaya. is sthan par fakharuddin ali namaz ada karane bhi ate the aur yahaan se inaka roohani lagav bhi tha. yah sanyog hi tha ki inaka nidhan 11 pharavari 1977 ko shukravar ke din hua. inake aantim sanskar mean kee videshi hastiyoan ne shirakat ki jinamean jimi kartar (ameriki rashtrapati) ki mata liliyan kartar evan putr chip kartar bhi the. bharat sarakar ne fakharuddin ali ahamad ke nidhan ki adhisoochana kali patti vale gajat mean prakashit ki. is prakar ek rashtravadi vyaktitv ka aant hua, jo 40 varshoan se desh-seva ke kary mean samarpit tha. poorv rashtrapati svargiy zakir husain ke sath fakharuddin ali ahamad ki gahari mitrata thi. donoan hi bharat ke rashtrapati pad par pahuanche. yah sanyog hi tha ki donoan ki mrityu rashtrapati bhavan ke snanagrih mean phisalane ke bad huee aur donoan ki mrityu ka karan hridayaghat raha.
samman
rashtrapati fakharuddin ali ahamad ki smriti ko shashvat rakhane ke uddeshy se bharat sarakar ne inake chitr se yukt dak tikat jari kiya. beshak iansan sadaiv ke lie sansar mean nahian rahata aur ek din use sharir tyagana hi hota hai tathapi fakharuddin ali ahamad jaise rashtrabhakt kabhi bhi vismrit nahian kie ja sakate. inaka nam bharat ke sachche sapoot ke roop mean sadaiv yad kiya jata rahega. yah bharat ki dharmanirapeksh niti ke jvalant aur anukaraniy vyaktitv ke karan bhi hamesha yad kie jaeange.
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