फ़तेहपुर सीकरी

buland daravaza, fatehapur sikari, agara
Buland Darwaja, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra

fatehapur sikari agara se 22 mil dakshin mean, mugal samrat akabar ka basaya hua bhavy nagar jisake khandahar aj bhi apane prachin vaibhav ki jhaanki prastut karate haian. akabar se poorv yahaan fatehapur aur sikari nam ke do gaanv base hue the jo ab bhi haian. inhean aangrezi shasak old vilejes ke nam se pukarate the. sanh 1527 ee. mean chittau d-naresh rana sangramasianh aur babar ne yahaan se lagabhag das mil door kanavaha namak sthan par bhari yuddh hua tha jisaki smriti mean babar ne is gaanv ka nam fatehapur kar diya tha. tabhi se yah sthan fatehapur sikari kahalata hai. kaha jata hai ki is gram ke nivasi shekh salim chishti ke ashirvad se akabar ke ghar salim (jahaangir) ka janm hua tha. jahaangir ki mata mariyam-uzh-zamani (amer naresh biharimal ki putri) aur akabar, shekh salim ke kahane se yahaan 6 mas tak thahare the jisake prasadasvaroop unhean putr ka mukh dekhane ka saubhagy prapt hua tha.

itihas

pragaitihasik kal se hi fatehapur sikari manav basti ke nam se jani jati hai. vikram sanvat 1010-1067 eesavi ke ek shilalekh mean is jagah ka nam "sekriky" milata hai. sanh 1527 mean babar khanava ke yuddh mean fatah ke bad yahaan aya aur apane sansmaran mean is jagah ko sikari kaha hai. usake dvara yahaan ek jalamahal aur bavali ke nirman ka bhi ullekh hai. akabar ki kee raniyaan aur begam thian, kiantu unamean se kisi se bhi putr nahian hua tha. akabar piroan evan fakiroan se putr prapti ke lie duaean maangata phirata tha. shekh salim chishti ne akabar ko dua di. fakir ne akabar se kaha,

"bachcha too hamara iantazam kar de, teri murad poori hogi."

daivayog se akabar ki b di rani jo kachhavaha raja biharimal ki putri aur bhagavanadas ki bahin thi, garbhavati ho gee, aur usane putr ko janm diya. kaha jata hai ki akabar ne mariyam-uzh-zamani ko zachchagari ke lie mayake bhejane ke badale sikari ke salim chishti ke pas hi bhijava diya. usaka nam shekh ke nam par salim rakha gaya jo bad mean jahaangir ke nam se akabar ka uttaradhikari hua. akabar shekh se bahut prabhavit tha. usane apani rajadhani sikari mean hi rakhane ka nishchay kiya. sikari mean jahaan salim chishti rahate the usi ke pas akabar ne sanh 1571 mean ek qila banavana shuroo kiya. akabar ne nishchay kar liya tha ki jahaan balak paida hua vahaan ek sundar nagar basayeange jisaka nam fatehabad rakha gaya, jise aj ham fatehapur sikari ke nam se janate haian. mugal shasanakal ka yah pratham yojanabaddh tarike se basaya gaya ek vaibhavashali nagar mana jata hai. yahian rahate rahate hi sabhi dharmoan ke achchhi achchhi batoan ko mila jula kar akabar ne apani "din-e-ilahi" namak ne dharm ki sthapana bhi ki thi parantu is ne dharm ko svikar karane ke lie kisi ko badhy nahian kiya. birabal sahit kee kulin darabariyoan ne hi akabar ka sath diya tha.

rajadhani ka sthanaantaran

san 1571 mean rajadhani ka sthanaantaran kiya gaya. usi sal akabar ne gujarat ko fatah kiya. is karan nee rajadhani ka nam fatehapur sikari rakha gaya. 1572 se lekar 1585 tak akabar vahian raha. sanh 1584 tak lagabhag 14 varsh tak fatehapur sikari hi mugal samrajy ki rajadhani rahi. akabar ne anek nirman kary karaye, jisase vah agara ke saman b di nagari ban gee thi. akabar ne ek vishal haram ka nirman karaya. jisamean vibhinn raj gharanoan se upahar svaroop prapt raj kanyayean aur vibhinn deshoan ki sundar striyoan ka abhootapoorv sangrah tha. isake bad shahar mean pani ki qillat tatha kuchh any rajanitik karanoan se akabar ne lahaur ko apani rajadhani bana li thi. sanh 1584 mean ek aangrez vyapari akabar ki rajadhani aya, usane likha hai− 'agara aur fatehapur donoan b de shahar haian. unamean se har ek landan se b da aur adhik janasankul hai. sare bharat aur eeran ke vyapari yahaan reshami tatha doosare kap de, bahumooly ratn, lal, hira aur moti bechane ke lie late haian.' sanh 1600 ke bad shahar viran hota chala gaya halaanki kuchh ne nirman bhi yahaan hue the. fatehapur sikari samast desh ki prashasanik gatividhiyoan ka pramukh kendr thi.

shahar ki nianv

sant shekh salim chishh‍ti ke samh‍man mean samrat akabar ne is shahar ki nianv rakhi. kuchh varshoan ke aandar suyojanabaddh prashasanik, avasiy aur dharmik bhavan astith‍v mean ae. is qile ke bhitar panchamahal hai jo ek paanch manzila imarat hai aur bauddh vihar shaili mean bani hai. isaki paanchavi manzil se miloan door tak ka drishy dikhayi deta hai. jama masjid sanbhavatah pahala bhavan tha, jo nirmit kiya gaya. buland daravaza lagabhag 5 varsh bad jo da gaya. anh‍y mahath‍vapoorn bhavanoan mean shekh salim chishh‍ti ki daragah, naubat-ur-nakh‍karakhana, takasal, karakhana, khazana, hakim ka ghar, divan-e-am, mariyam ka nivas, jise sunahara makan bhi kahate haian, jodhabaee ka mahal, birabal ka nivas adi shamil haian.

bhakti mean akabar ne bina vichare hi sikari ko rajadhani bana diya tha. is sthan mean pani ki b di kami thi, jisako poora karane ke lie paha di par baandh bana kar ek jhil banaee gee thi. usi ka pani rajadhani mean ata tha. agast 1582 mean baandh toot gaya, jisase paryapt hani huee. 14 varsh tak sikari mean rajadhani rakhane par akabar ne anubhav kiya ki yah sthan upuyakt nahian hai, at: sanh 1584 mean pun: rajadhani agara banaee gee. rajadhani ke hatate hi fatehapur sikari ka hras hone laga ajakal vah ek chhota sa qasba rah gaya hai.

x200px|alt=fatehapur sikari|fatehapur sikari ka vihangam drishy

fatehapur sikari ka vihangam drishy

buland daravaza aur daragah

[[chitr:Fatehpur-Sikri-Agra-13.jpg|thumb|250px|fatehapur sikari, agara
Fatehpur Sikri, Agra]] fatehapur sikari mean akabar ke samay ke anek bhavanoan, prasadoan tatha rajasabha ke bhavy avashesh aj bhi vartaman haian. yahaan ki sarvochch imarat buland daravaza hai, jisaki ooanchaee bhoomi se 280 phut hai. 52 sidhiyoan ke pashchath darshak daravaze ke aandar pahuanchata hai. daravaze mean purane jamane ke vishal kiva d jyoan ke tyoan lage hue haian. shekh salim ki manyata ke lie anek yatriyoan dvara kiva doan par lagavaee huee gho de ki nalean dikhaee deti haian. buland daravaze ko, 1602 ee. mean akabar ne apani gujarat-vijay ke smarak ke roop mean banavaya tha. isi daravaze se hokar shekh ki daragah mean pravesh karana hota hai. baeean or jama masjid hai aur samane shekh ka mazar. mazar ya samadhi ke pas unake sanbandhiyoan ki qabrean haian. masjid aur mazar ke samip ek ghane vriksh ki chhaya mean ek chhota sangamaramar ka sarovar hai. masjid mean ek sthan par ek vichitr prakar ka patthar laga hai jisakoan thapathapane se naga de ki dhvani si hoti hai. masjid par suandar naqqashi hai. shekh salim ki samadhi sangamaramar ki bani hai. isake chaturdik patthar ke bahut barik kam ki suandar jali lagi hai jo anek akar prakar ki b di hi manamohak dikhaee p dati hai. yah jali kuchh door se dekhane par jalidar shvet reshami vastr ki bhaanti dikhaee deti hai. samadhi ke oopar moolyavan sip, siang tatha chandan ka adbhut shilp hai jo 400 varsh prachin hote hue bhi sarvatha naya sa jan p data hai. shvet pattharoan mean khudi vividh rangoanvali phoolapattiyaan naqqashi ki kala ke sarvotkrisht udaharanoan mean se haian. samadhi mean ek chandan ka aur ek sip ka katahara hai. inhean dhaka ke soobedar aur shekh salim ke pautr navab islamakhaan ne banavaya tha. jahaangir ne samadhi ki shobha badhane ke lie use shvet sangamaramar ka banava diya tha yadyapi akabar ke samay mean yah lal patthar ki thi. jahaangir ne samadhi ki divar par chitrakari bhi karavaee. samadhi ke katahare ka lagabhag dedh gaz khanbha vikrit ho jane par 1905 mean l aaurd karzan ne 12 sahastr roope ki lagat se pun: banavaya tha. samadhi ke kiva d abanoos ke bane hai.

x200px|alt=fatehapur sikari|shekh salim chishti ki daragah (fatehapur sikari) ka vihangam drishy
Panoramic View Of Shekh Salim Chishti Shrine (Fatehpur Sikri)

shekh salim chishti ki daragah (fatehapur sikari) ka vihangam drishy
Panoramic View Of Shekh Salim Chishti Shrine (Fatehpur Sikri)

rajamahal

akabar ke rajaprasad samadhi ke pichhe ki or ooanche lanbe-chau de chabootaroan par bana haian. inamean char-chaman aur khvabagah akabar ke mukhy rajamahal the. yahian usaka shayanakaksh aur vishram-grih the. char-chaman ke samane aangan mean anoop tal hai jahaan tanasen dipak rag gaya karata tha. tal ke poorv mean akabar ki turki begam rookaiya ka mahal hai. yah istanbool ki rahane vali thi. kuchh logoan ke mat mean is mahal mean salima begam rahati thi. yah babar ki poti (akabar ki bahin)aur bairam khaan ki vidhava thi. is mahal ki sajavat turki ke do shilpiyoan ne ki thi. samudr ki laharean namak kalakriti bahut hi suandar evan vastavik jan p dati hai. bhittiyoan par pashupakshiyoan ke atisuandar tatha kalatmak chitr haian jinhean bad meanaurangajeb ne nasht-bhrasht kar diya tha. bhavan ke j de hue kimati patthar bhi nikal lie ge haian.

divan-e-khas

rookaiya begam ke mahal ke dahini or akabar ka divan-e-khas hai jahaan do begamoan ke sath akabar nyay karata tha. badashah ke navaratn-mantri tho da hat kar niche baithate the. yahaan samany janata tatha darshakoan ke lie charoan taraph baramade bane haian. bich ke b de maidan mean hanan namak khooni hathi ke baandhane ke lie ek mota patthar g da hai. yah hathi mrityudand prapt aparadhiyoan ko roandane ke kam mean laya jata tha. kahate haian ki yah hathi jise tin bar, padahat karake chho d deta tha use mukt kar diya jata tha. divan-e-khas ki yah visheshata hai ki vah ek padmakar prastar-stanbh ke oopar tika hua hai. isi par asin hokar akabar apane mantriyoan ke sath gupt mantrana karata tha. divan-e-khas ke nikat hi aankhamichauni namak bhavan hai jo akabar ka niji mamaloan ka daftar tha. [[chitr:Fatehpur-Sikri-Agra-15.jpg|fatehapur sikari, agara
Fatehpur Sikri, Agra|thumb|250px]]

panchamahal

paanch manzila panchamahal ya havamahal mariyam-uzh-zamani ke soory ko arghy dene ke lie banavaya gaya tha. yahian se akabar ki musalaman begamean eed ka chaand dekhati thi. samip hi mugal rajakumariyoan ka madarasa hai. mariyam-uzh-zamani ka mahal prachin gharoan ke dhang ka banavaya gaya tha. isake banavane tatha sajane mean akabar ne apane rani ki hindoo bhavanaoan ka vishesh dhyan rakha tha. bhavan ke aandar aangan mean tulasi ke birave ka thaanvala hai aur samane dalan mean ek mandir ke chihn haian. divaroan mean moortiyoan ke lie ale bane haian. kahian-kahian divaroan par krishnalila ke chitr haian jo bahut maddhim p d ge hai. mandir ke ghantoan ke chihn pattharoan par aankit haian. is tin manzile ghar ke oopar ke kamaroan ko grishmakalin aur shitakalin mahal kaha jata tha. grishmakalin mahal mean patthar ki barik jaliyoan mean se thandi hava chhan-chhan kar ati thi.

any bhavan

is bhavan ke nikat hi birabal ka mahal hai jo 1582 ee. mean bana tha. isake pichhe akabar ka niji astabal tha jisamean 150 gho de tatha anek ooantoan ke baandhane ke lie chhedadar patthar lagean hai. astabal ke samip hi abulaphazal aur phaizi ke nivasagrih ab nashtabhrasht dasha mean haian. yahaan se pashchim ki or prasiddh hiranaminar hai. kianvadanti hai ki is minar ke aandar khooni hathi hanan ki samadhi hai. minar mean oopar se niche tak age nikale hue hiran ke siangoan ki tarah patthar j de hai. minar ke pas maidan mean akabar shikar khelata tha aur begamoan ke ane ke lie akabar ne ek avaran-marg banavaya tha. fatehapur sikari se pray: 1 mil door akabar ke prasiddh mantri todaramal ka nivasasthan tha jo ab bhagn dasha mean hai. prachin samay mean nagar ki sima par moti jhil namak ek b da talab tha jisake chihn ab nahian milate. fatehapur sikari ke bhavanoan ki kala unaki vishalata mean hai, lanbe-chau de saral rekhakar nakshoan par bane bhavan, vistrit praangan tatha ooanchi chhatean, kul mila kar darshak ke man mean vishalata tatha bhavyata ka gahara prabhav dalate haian. vastav mean akabar ki is sthapaty-kalakriti mean usaki apani vishalahridayata tatha udarata ke darshan hote haian.

akaviva, fadar ridaanlfo

mukhy lekh : akaviva, fadar ridaanlfo

akaviva, fadar ridaanlfo gova mean dharmaprachar karane vala jesuit sampraday ka padari hai. sitambar, 1579 ee. mean badashah akabar ki prarthana par usako aur padari moanseret ko gova ki purtagali sarakar ne akabar ke darabar mean fatehapur sikari bheja tha.

vithika

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bahari k diyaan

yoonesko ki soochi mean fatehapur sikari
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