फ़र्टाइल क्रेसेट

fartail kreset ya upajaoo arddh chandr madhy-poorv mean vah kshetr hai jahaan madhy-poorv aur bhoo-madhy besin sabhyata ki shurooat huee. ameriki 'prachvid jems henari bresatad' (1865-1935) ne is shabd ko lokapriy banaya.

bhoogol

oopajaoo arddh chandr mean mote taur par tare ke akar ki apekshakrit upajaoo bhoomi shamil thi, jisamean shayad vartaman ki apeksha atit mean adhik shitoshn, krishi ki drishti se utpadak jalavayu thi, vishesh taur par mesopotamiya aur nil nadi mean, dakshin mean arab registan aur uttar mean armeniya parvatoan ke bich sthit yah kshetr bebiloniya aur nikatavarti susiana se lekar tigaris tatha yufretiz nadiyoan se asiriya tak phaila tha. asiriya ke poorv mean zagros parvatoan se pashchim mean siriya se bhoomadhy tatha dakshin mean dakshini izarail tak yah kshetr phaila hua tha. misr ki nil ghati ko aksar isaka vistar mana jata hai, sinaee mean chhota sa badhak kshetr, isaki nirantarata ko to dane vale mesopotamiya aur siriya ke aise hi registani kshetroan se b da nahian hai. samooche kshetr mean uttam krishi parinamoan ke liye sianchaee avashyak hai aur vastav mean yah kisi bhi prakar ki kheti ke lie avashyak hai.

vyapak drishti

upajaoo arddh chandra apani vyapak drishti mean us kshetr ke saman hai, jo yahoodi paranparaoan ki utpatti mean pramukh bhoomika nibhata hai; jisamean ve puratan desh shamil haian, jo grik aur roman sabhyataoan se pahale vidyaman the. rediyokarban detiang se is bat ki pushti huee hai ki upajaoo arddh chandr mean prachinatam vyavasthit gramin krishi samuday ki sharooat huee. yahaan lagabhag 8000 ee.poo. se praranbhik krishi evan gramin sankedran shuroo hua.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh