फ़्रांसिस्को पेलसार्ट

fraansisko pelasart ko ek dach 'gumashta' (dalal, pratinidhi) ke roop mean jana jata hai. vah mugal badashah jahaangir ke shasan kal mean agara aya tha. usane bharat mean masulipattam se pravesh kiya tha.

fraansisko pelasart ne upamahadvip ke sampoorn uttari aur pashchimi bhagoan mean utpadan aur vyapar se sambandhit mahattvapoorn sthaloan ka bhraman kiya. in sthaloan ki samajik aur arthik paristhitiyoan ka atyadhik rochak varnan apane yatra vrittaant mean faansisko palasart ne kiya hai.
gujarat ke kap doan ki kism ka bhi ullekh usane kiya hai.
patana tatha bangal jaise doorasth sthanoan ke kachche mal ke ayat ke bare mean bhi usane bataya hai.
palasart ke vivarananusar, lahaur ek pramukh vyaparik keandr tha. multan aur thatta, vastr udyog, chini, salphar aur nil ke lie prasiddh the.
faansisko palasart ne kashmir ki bhi yatra ki thi.
nil utpadan se sambandhit vishesh roop se bayana mean nil ke utpadan ke vishay mean jo batean fraansisko pelasart ne likhi haian, vah kisi bhi yooropiy yatri ke nil sambandhi vivaran mean advitiy hai. usake anusar bayana mean atyadhik matra mean nil utpadit kiya jata tha, jisaka is vastu par ekadhikar tha. vah agara ko pramukh shaharoan se ju da hua batata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah