बालकृष्ण शर्मा नवीन
balkrishna sharma navin
| |
| poora nam | balkrishna sharma navin |
| janm | 8 disambar, 1897 |
| janm bhoomi | bhayana gram, gvaliyar |
| mrityu | 29 aprail, 1960 |
| abhibhavak | jamanalal sharma |
| karm bhoomi | bharat |
| karm-kshetr | kavi, gadyakar, advitiy vakta, rajanitijn, patrakar |
| mukhy rachanaean | apalak, kvasi, urmila, kuankum, rashmirekha |
| bhasha | brajabhasha, kh diboli, sanskrit |
| vidyalay | madhav k aaulej (ujjain), kraist charch k aaulej (kanapur) |
| shiksha | snatak |
| puraskar-upadhi | padm bhooshan |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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balkrishna sharma navin (aangrezi: Bal Krishna Sharma Naveen, janm- 8 disambar, 1897 ee., bhayana gram, gvaliyar; mrityu- 29 aprail, 1960) hindi jagath ke kavi, gadyakar aur advitiy vakta the.
jivan parichay
hindi sahity mean pragatishil lekhan ke agrani kavi pandit balkrishna sharma "navin" ka janm 8 disambar, 1897 ee. mean gvaliyar rajy ke bhayana namak gram mean hua tha. inake pita shri jamanalal sharma vaishnav dharm ke prasiddh tirth shrinath dvara mean rahate the vahaan shiksha ki samuchit vyavastha nahian thi, isalie inaki maan inhean gvaliyar rajy ke shajapur sthan mean le aeean. yahaan se praranbhik shiksha lene ke uparaant inhoanne ujjain se dasavian aur kanapur se iantar ki pariksha uttirn ki. inake uparaant lokamany bal gangadhar tilak shrimati eni beseant evan shri ganeshashankar vidyarthi ke sanpark mean ane ke bad unhoanne padhana chho d diya. shajapur se aangrezi midil pas karake ve ujjain ke madhav k aaulej mean pravisht hue. inako rajanitik vatavaran ne shighr hi akrisht kiya aur isi se ve sanh 1916 ee. ke lakhanoo kaangres adhiveshan ko dekhane ke lie chale aye. isi adhiveshan mean sanyogavash unaki bheant makhanalal chaturvedi, maithilisharan gupt evan ganeshashankar vidyarthi se huee. sanh 1917 ee. mean haee skool ki pariksha uttirn karake balkrishna sharma ganeshashankar vidyarthi ke ashram mean kanapur akar kraist charch k aaulej mean padhane lage.
vyavaharik rajaniti
san 1920 ee. mean balkrishna sharma jab bi.e. fainal mean padh rahe the, gaandhiji ke satyagrah andolan ke avahan par ve k aaulej chho dakar vyavaharik rajaniti ke kshetr mean a gaye. 29 aprail, 1960 ee. ko apane mrityuparyant ve desh ki vyavaharik rajaniti se barabar sakriy roop se sambaddh rahe. uttar pradesh ke ve varishth netaoan mean ek evan kanapur ke ekachhatr agua the. bharatiy sanvidhan nirmatri parishad ke sadasy ke roop mean hindi bhasha ko rajabhasha ke roop mean svikar karane mean unaka b da yogadan raha hai. 1952 ee. se lekar apani mrityu tak ve bharatiy sansad ke bhi sadasy rahe haian. sanh 1955 ee. mean sthapit rajabhasha ayog ke sadasy ke roop mean unaka mahattvapoorn kary raha hai.
vyaktitv
'navin' ji svabhav se atyant udar, phakk d, aveshi kintu mast tabiyat ke adami the. abhiman aur chhal se bahut door the. bachapan ke vaishnav sanskar unamean yavajjivan bane rahe. jahaan tak unake lekhak-kavi vyaktitv ka prashn hai, lekhan ki or unaki ruchi iandaur se hi thi, parantu vyavasthit lekhan 1917 ee. mean ganeshashankar vidyarthi ke sampark mean ane ke bad prarambh hua.
patrakar
ganeshashankar vidyarthi se sampark ka sahaj parinam tha ki ve us samay ke mahattvapoorn patr 'pratap' se sambaddh ho gaye the. 'pratap' parivar se unaka sambandh ant tak bana raha. 1931 ee. mean ganeshashankar vidyarthi ki mrityu ke pashchath kee varshoan tak ve 'pratap' ke pradhan sampadak ke roop mean bhi kary karate rahe. hindi ki rashtriy kavy dhara ko age badhane vali patrika 'prabha' ka sampadan bhi unhoanne 1921 - 1923 ee. mean kiya tha. in patroan mean likhi gee unaki sampadakiy tippaniyaan apani nirbhikata, kharepan aur kathor shaili ke lie smaraniy haian. 'navin' atyant prabhavashali aur ojasvi vakta bhi the evan unaki lekhan shaili (gady-pady donoan hi) par unaki apani bhashan-kala ka bahut spasht prabhav hai. rajanitik karyakarta ke saman hi patrakar ke roop mean bhi unhoanne sare jivan kary kiya.
rajanitijn evan patrakar ke samanantar hi unake vyaktitv ka tisara bhasvar paksh kavi ka tha. unake kavi ka mool svar manoranjak tha, jise vaishnav sanskaroan ki adhyatmikata evan rashtriy jivan ka vidrohi kanth barabar anukoolit karata raha. unhoanne jab likhana prarambh kiya tab dvivedi yug samapt ho raha tha evan rashtriyata ke naye ayam ki chhaya mean svachchhandatavadi andolan kavy mean mukhar hone laga tha. parinamasvaroop donoan hi yugoan ki pravrittiyaan hamean 'navin' mean mil jati haian.
kritiyaan
urmila
mahavir prasad dvivedi ki prerana ne hi kaviyoan ki chir-upekshita 'urmila' ka lekhan unase 1921 ee. mean prarambh karaya, jo poora sanh 1934 ee. mean hua evan prakashit sanh 1957 ee. mean hua. is kavy mean dvivedi yug ki itivrittatmakata, sthool naitikata ya prayojan (jaise ramavan gaman ko ary sanskriti ka prasar manana) spasht dekhe ja sakate haian, parantu moolat: svachchhandatavadi gititatvapradhan 'navin' ka yah prayas prabandhatv ki drishti se bahut saphal nahian kaha ja sakata. chhah sargoan vale is mahakavy granth mean urmila ke janm se lekar lakshman se punarmilan tak ki katha kahi gayi hai, par varnan pradhan katha ke marmik sthaloan ki n to unhean pahachan hai aur n ram-sita ke virat vyaktitv ke age lakshman-urmila bahut ubhar hi sake haian. urmila ka virah avashy kavi ki prakriti ke anukool tha aur kala ki drishti se sabase saras evan praudh aansh vahi hai. yoan atyant vilamb se prakashit hone ke karan samyakh aitihasik pariprekshy mean is granth ka moolyaankan nahian ho saka hai. yah vilamb unaki sabhi kritiyoan ke prakashan mean hua hai.
kuankum
san 1930 ee. tak ve yadyapi kavi roop mean yashasvi ho chuke the, parantu pahala kavita sangrah 'kuankum' 1936 ee. mean prakashit hua. is git sangrah ka mool svar yauvan ke pahale uddam pranayaveg evan prakhar rashtriyata ka hai. yatr-tatr rahasyatmak sanket bhi haian, parantu unhean tatkalin vatavaran ka faishan prabhav hi manana chahie. 'kavi kuchh aisi tan sunao' tatha 'aj khadg ki dhar kunthita hai' jaisi prasiddh kavitaean 'kuankum' mean sangrahit haian.
any rachanaean
svatantrata sangram ka sabase kathin evan vyast samay a jane ke karan 'navin' barabar usi mean ulajhe rahe. kavitaean unhoanne barabar likhian, parantu unako sankalit kar prakashit karane ki or dhyan nahian raha. svatantrata ki prapti ke bad bhi ve sanvidhan nirman jaise karyoan mean lage rahe. is prakar ek lambe antaral ke pashchath 1951 ee. mean 'rashmi rekha' tatha 'apalak', 1952 ee. mean aur 'kvasi' sangrah prakashit hua. vinoba aur bhoodan par likhi unaki katipay prashastiyaan evan udabodhanoan ka ek sangrah 'vinoba stavan' sanh 1955 ee. mean prakashit hua. is prakashit samagri ke atirikt kuankum-kvasi kal (1930-1949) ki anek kavitaean tatha 'pranarpan' nam se ganeshashankar vidyarthi ke balidan par likha gaya khand kavy abhi aprakashit hi hai. 1949 ee. ke bad bhi ve barabar likhate evan patroan mean prakashit karate rahe haian. "yah shril yukt yah ahialiangit jivan" jaisi shreshth atmaparak kavitaean isi antim avastha mean likhi gayi haian. par ye sab bhi asangrahit haian. 'navin' rashtriy vir kavy ke pranetaoan mean mukhy rahe haian, parantu unake prakashit sangrahoan mean ye kavitaean bahut kam a saki haian. unaka gady lekhan bhi asankalit roop mean yatr-tatr bikhara hua hai.
rashmirekha
ab tak prakashit sangrahoan mean pranay ke kavi 'navin' ka sanvedana aur shilp ki samagrata ki drishti se shreshthatam evan pratinidhi sangrah 'rashmirekha' hai. isamean 'navin' ki mauji evan premil abhivyaktiyaan prachur matra mean haian. "ham aniketan ham aniketan" atyant nirlipt atmasvikaran ke bhav se ve kah uthate haian,
ab tak itani yoan hi kati, ab kya sikhean nav paripati? kaun banaye aj gharauanda, hathoan chun-chun kank d mati. that fakirana haian, apana baghambar sohe apane tan. [1]
pranay evan virah ki kitani hi madak smritiyaan, kitane hi manoram chitr, kitane hi vyakul besudh pukarean evan vivashata ki kitani hi chitkarean 'rashmirekha' mean sangrahit haian. yah pranayi aniketan atyant uddam bhav se kahata hai,
krije do krije mean bujhane vali pyas nahian, bar-bar 'la!la!' kahane ka samay nahian, abhyas nahian.
vastut: hindi mean halabad ke adi pravartak 'navin' hi haian tatha bhagavaticharan varma evan 'bachchan' ne svayan is bat ko svikar kiya hai.[2]
'apalak' aur 'kvasi'
'apalak' aur 'kvasi' mean sankalit kavitaoan mean yadyapi kavitaoan ka rachanakal vahi hai, jo 'rashmirekha' ki kavitaoan ka hai. par inamean jo kavitaean sankalit haian, unamean pranay ka veg darshan evan bhakti bhavana se pratihat hota lagata hai. 'adhyatmikata' ka svar chhayavad ke bahut se alochakoan ko bhi bhram aur vivad mean dalata raha hai, parantu shilp ke jis lakshanik vaichitry ke madhyam se vah svar vyakt hua hai, usane un kavitaoan ko anagadh nahian hone diya. parantu 'navin' ka chhayavadakal mean hi likha gaya yah adhyatm nivedan bahut kuchh sthool evan itivrittatmak padavali mean vyakt hua hai. chhayavad ke shilp ko ve man se nahian svikar karate, par rahasy ya adhyatm ki padavali un par havi pratit hoti hai. parantu in sankalanoan mean jahaan unaka mast evan pranayi vyaktitv sahaj hi vyakt hua hai, vahaan kavy nitant rasanirbhar ho saka hai. 'ham haian mast fakir' ('apalak') 'tum yug-yug ki pahachani si' ('kvasi'), 'man chho do' (kvasi), 'sun lo priy madhur gan' ('apalak'), aisi hi kavitaean haian. adhyatmik anyokti ki drishti se 'dolevaloan' ('kvasi') unaki shreshthatam kavita hai.
bhasha
brajabhasha 'navin' ki matribhasha thi. unake pratyek granth mean brajabhasha ke bhi katipay git ya chhand milate haian. brajabhasha mean 'navin' bhav-sanvedana ki abhivyakti ka prayas kar unhoanne brajabhasha ke adhunik sahity ko samriddh kiya hai. urmila ka ek sampoorn sarg hi brajabhasha mean hai. parantu unaka brajabhasha moh evan kh di boli ke parinishthit prayogoan ke madhy a prakat hota hai. tab pathak ke lie rasabhang ki sthiti paida ho jati hai. brajabhasha ke kriyapadoan ya shabdoan janrian hooan, sochrian hooan, naik, lagi, nachian, um day diya adi ka nikhari tatsam pradhan kh diboli mean prayog atyant akushal dhang se hua hai. vastr ke lie 'bastar'[3] jaise prayog bhi bahudha khatakate haian. vastut: adhunik kal ke shreshth kaviyoan mean 'navin' se adhik bhasha ke bhrasht prayog mil hi nahian sakate. lagata hai yah bhi unaki bhashanakala ka hi prabhav tha. sambhavat: rajanitik vyastata bhi is parishkarahinata ke mool mean thi. sanskrit ke bhari bharakam aprachalit evan durooh shabdoan ko lane ki pravritti unaki barabar badhati gayi hai.
durooh akavyatmak shabdavali
san 1950-51 ee. ke bad ki kavitaoan mean adhyatm moh ke sath-sath durooh akavyatmak shabdavali (shabd aur arth ke vakr kavivyaparashali sahabhav se vichchhinn) ka unaka agrah unake kavy ke rasasvadan mean barabar badhak banata gaya hai. lagata hai shaili jitati gayi hai aur ve harate gaye haian.
kavy
hindi kavy dhara ki dvivedi yug ke pashchath jo parinati chhayavad se huee hai, 'navin' usake aantargat nahian ate. rajaniti ke kathor yatharth mean unake lie shayad yah sambhav nahian tha ki vaisi bhavukata, taralata, atindriyata evan kalpana ke pankh ve baandhate, parantu is bat ko yad rakhana hoga ki unaka kavy bhi svachchhandatavadi (manoranjak) andolan ka hi prakash hai. 'navin' maithilisharan gupt adi ka kavy chhayavad ke samanantar sancharan karata hua age chalakar bachchan, aanchal, narendr sharma, dinakar adi ke kavy mean parinat hota hai. kavyadhara ke is pravah ki or hindi alochakoan ne abhi tak upeksha ka hi bhav rakha hai. astu, 'navin' ke kavy mean ek or rashtriy sangram ki kathor jivanabhootiyaan evan jagaran ke svar vyanjit hue haian aur doosare sahaj manaviy star (yoddha se alag) par prem-virah ki rag-sanvedanaean prakash pa saki haian. isi kram mean halavadi kavy ki bhi srishti huee hai. is prakar chhayavad ke samanantar bahane vali vir-shrriangar dhara ke ve agrani kavi rahe haian. kavi ke atirikt gadyalekhak ke roop mean bhi 'pratap' jaise patr ke madhyam se unhoanne oj-gunapradhan ek shaili ke nirman mean apana yog diya hai.
puraskar
balkrishna navin ko sahity evan shiksha ke kshetr mean sanh 1960 mean padm bhooshan se sammanit kiya gaya tha.
mrityu
balkrishna sharma navin ji ka nidhan 29 aprail, 1960 ee. mean hua tha.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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